Thay tudng chang can ndi, cac con ciing hieu rd rang dang chon linh ay vdn vd tu, ma lai dang phep giao thdng ciing ca chu Than, Thanh, Tien, Phat va cac Dang trgn lanh nai Nggc Hu [r]
Trang 1THlldl\G THlJC T 6 I \ GIAO
VE NGU G i d l CAM TRONG DAO CAO DAI
LE ANH DUNG'
1 Tir ngir
Ngii S la nam Gidi JS la ngan ngira
trudc Ciim ^ la khong cho lam
Gidi va Cam gan nhu dong nghia, cho
nen cd the kit hgp lai va ndi Cdm gidi (cam
ngan) hay Gidi cdm (ngan cam) deu dugc
Ngii giai cam con ndi tat la NgU gidi la
nam dieu ngan cam ma nguai tin do Cao
Dai phai gin giii
Theo Tdn Luat phSn Dao Phap, chuang
IV, diSu thii- Hai Muai Mot, sau khi nhap
mdn, tin dd ciia dao Cao Dai phai trau doi
tinh hanh giu nam gidi la:
Nhitt bit! sdt sanh —A^W^ (Mgt khong
sat sinh);
Nhi bdt du dao ZLA^Wi'^ (Hai khong
trom cap)^";
Tam bfSt la ddm =LA-^M'i^ (Ba khong ta
dam);
Tic bdt tuu nhuc H 4^ i l [^ (Bon khong
rugu thit);
Ngii hat vong ngii S ^ ^ ^ I B 01 am
khong ndi quay)
2 Ngu gidi cam theo Tan Luat dao
Cao Dai
(phdn Dao Phap, chuang IV, dieu thu Hai Muai Mot), ngi dung ciia timg gidi cam gdm nhiing chi tiet nhu sau:
'"Nhtit bat sdt sanh la chang nen sat hai
sanh vat
"Nhi bdt du dao Ia cam trgm cudp; lay
ngang, luong gat cua ngudi, hoac mugn vay khdng tra, hoac chua do gian, hoac lugm idy cua rai, hoac sanh long tham ciia quay
dd y hai cho ngudi ma lgi cho minh, cd bac gian Ian
'T«/H bdt td ddm Ia cam lay vg ngudi,
tha theo dang diem, xui giuc ngudi lam loan luan thirdmg, hoac thay sac day long ta, hoac lay ldi gieo tinh hue nguyet (vg chdng khdng ggi ta dam)
'Tif bdt tieu nhiic, la cam say me rtrgu
thit, an uong qua do, rdi loan tam than, lam cho nao dgng xdm lang, hoac mieng udc rugu ngon, bung ma do mi vi
''Ngu bdt vgng ngu, la cam xao tra, lao
xugc, gat gam ngudi khoe minh bay ldi ngudi, chuyen quay ndi phai chuyen phai theu det ra quay, nhao bang, che bai, ndi hanh ke khac, xui giuc ngudi hdn gian, kien thua xa each, an ndi 16 mang, thd tuc, chiii riia ngudi, huy bang ton giao, ndi ra khdng giii ldi hiia"
Theo giai thich chi tiet cua Tan Luat * Nha nghien ciiu, Thanh phd H6 Chf Mmh
Trang 270 Nghien cun Ton giao Sd 7 - 2008
3 Nguon goc Ngu gidi cam
Diic Phat Thich Ca da ap dung Ngii gidi
cam cho cac tin do tu tai gia (cu si) Theo
dao Phat, giai cam thu tu la Bdt vong ngir
\ a gidi cam thir nam la Bt3t dm tini bdt thirc
nhuc • : \ > / • y ^ ty
Tuy nhien Tan Luat cua dao Cao Dai (ra
ddi nam 1926) doi lai thii tu hai gidi sau:
Bdt vgng ngir tra thanh giai thu nam va
gdp Bdi dm tiru But thuc nhuc thanh Beit
tuu nhuc de lam gidi thii tu Khi ddi thii tu
nhu the Ngd gidi cam trong Tan Luat hoan
toan tuong ung \ di thu tu Ngii thudnng (Ngii
due) cua dao Nho (dao Khdng) la Nhan,
Nghia Le Tri Tin
Ngu gidi cua Phat giao that ra khong
khac nam gidi dau tien trong Thap giai cua
Balamdn giao (An Do giao) Dd la: 1
Khdng giet chdc (ahimsa) 2 Khdng ndi ddi
(satya) 3 Khdng trgm cap {asteya) 4
Khdng budng tha theo ham mudn
{hrahmachaiya) 5 Khdng tham lam
(aparigrctha)^~\
Ngii gidi cua Phat giao ciing khong khac
nam dieu ran 6-10 trong \hrdi dieu rdn cua
Do Thai giao Dd la: 6 Khdng giet ngudi,
7 Khdng ngoai tinh, 8 Khdng trgm dp 9
Khdng lam chung doi hai ngudi 10 Khong
ham mudn vo ngudi ta khdng them mudn
nha cua ngudi ta ddng rudng tdi td nam
mi con bd con lira, hay bat cii vat gi ciia
ngudi ta'"''
4 Ngu gidi cam tu-ong iing vdi Ngu
thuong
Ngii thudng S S hay Nam hdng, la nam
dtrc tinh ma con ngudd phai ludn giu gin bdn
\ung cho chinh ininh Ngu thudng gdm cd:
Nhdn fz la Idng thuong yeu, khong hiiy
hoai sinh mang ngudi khac va su song cua
loai khac Nhut bdt sdt sanh la gidi cam
giiip con ngudi md rong Idng thuang yeu, tiic la giiip phat trien due Nhan
Nghia m la ngay thang, luong thien Nhi bdt du dao ngan cam con ngudi tham lam
tai san ngudi khac xa lanh cua cai phi nghia Vay, gidi thu hai giup con ngudi giii trdn diic Nghia
Le fs la su diing dan, dung muc, thich
hgp, chYnh dang, hgp Ii, diing phep tac trong thai do hanh vi viec lam, each cu xu Nam nu khdng phai vg chong ma cd quan
he sac due la trai vdd dao Ii va luat phap tiic
la trai le Tam bdt td ddm la gidi cam giiip
con ngudi giii trdn due Le
Tri W la sang sudt, biet su\' xet sau xa de
phan biet phai trai dung sai Che chen rugu thit sa}' sira lam tam tri u me rdi loan,
khien cho ndi nang \ a cu xii sai trai Tir bdi
tini nhuc la gidi cam giiip con ngudi giir
trdn diic Tri
Tin jg la tin tudng Ngu bdt vong ngir
cam con ngudi ndi nang xang bay de cho ldi ndi dugc ngudi khac tin tuong Vay gidi thu nam giup con ngudi giii trdn diic Tin
5 Ngu gidi cam va mot so ttfong dong khac trong Tam giao
Due Thai Thugng Dao Td cua dao Cao Dai da ddi chieu cho tha\ rd le tirona ddm: trong Tam giao giira cac mat: Ngu thudna
H'f^ hay Ngii diic 211* (Khdng giao), Ngii
hanh 3 i i f (Dao giao) \ a Ngii giai S J S (Phat giao),v.v *"*' Tdm tat nhu sau:
Trang 35 diic
5 hanh
5 sao
5
phuang
10 can
5khi
5 mau
5 tang
Sat sanh
Nhan
Mdc
sao Mdc,
sao Tue
Ddng
Giap, At
Am ap
Xanh
Gan, Mat
Du dao Nghia Kim sao Kim, Thai Bach Tay Canh, Tan Mat me Trang Phdi
Ta dam
Le Hda sao Hda, Huynh Hoac Nam
Binh, Dinh Khd ndng
Dd Tim
Tim nhuc Tri Thiiy sao Thuy, sao Than Bac
Nham, Quy Lanh leo Den Than, Bang quang
Vgng ngii Tin Thd sao Thd, sao Tran Trung uong Mau Ky
Am thap Vang
La lach
Da day
6 Li do Cao Dai giCr lai Ngu gioi cam
Diic Chi Tdn dao Cao Dai da day:
"Chang phai Thay cdn budc theo cuu luat,
song luat ay rat nen quy bau, khdng giii
chang he thanh Tien, Phat dang"'", Nhu
the, dii thay Ngii gidi quan trgng biet bao,
a Ngii gidi cdm la phuang lien giup
ngirdi tu hdnh hodn thien bdn thdn
Hoc trd mudn viet chu ngay ngan phai
dting giay ke hang, mudn gach mgt dudng
thang phai diing cay thudc Ngudi thg
mudn lam vien gach deu dan, vudng van
phai dung khudn
Tuong tu nhu the, pham hanh con ngudi
mudn cho hoan hao, tot dep ciing phai cd
phuang tien trg giup Ngii gidi cam chinh la
cai khudn giiip ngudi tu hanh ren luyen diic
hanh (dii ca nam diic tinh: Nhan, Nghia, Le,
Tri, Tin) Diic Le San Thanh Mau day:
"That ra Dao khdng cd gi ggi la ran cam
ban che, ma tai chung sanh tap nhiem trugc
tran tach xa li Dao Nay cac con dat minh
vao cua Dao tu hanh tat nhien phai cai tao
nhiing thdi hu tat xau, tiic la phai noi theo
nhirng dieu ran cam de trau ddi lay pham
hanh Vi the, nam dieu gidi cam ( ) cung
nhu cai khudn dao diic de nen diic tam hdn
cho cac con trd nen tot dep, thuan chon"'^'
b Ngii gidi cdm Id phuang tien giiip
hdnh gia thdnh cdng
Ngoai ra, khi tin dd thg nhan phap mdn tinh luyen (tu thien) lai cang phai trau ddi diic hanh cho hoan hao mdi mong dac qua thanh Tien, Thanh Diic Chi Tdn dao Cao Dai day: "Ma tai sao Thay lai budc cac con luyen dao deu phai giii' trdn Ngd Gidi Cam? Tai phep luyen don la khdng phai de Neu cac con pham quy dieu khdng giu gidi thi khdng bao gid cac con tu dac qua dang"' * Ndi tdm lai, giu Ngii gidi cam tiic la
hanh gia biet lap dire Thud mdi khai dao
Due Chi Tdn dao Cao Dai da day: "Thay da ndi dao diic ciing nhu mpt cai thang \'d ngan bac cho cac con leo den pham vi tdi cao tdi trgng la ngang buc ciing Thay " ' '
7 Giir gioi cam sat sinh la ton trong dire hieu sinh ciia Thugng De
Diic Thugng De cua dao Cao Dai day rang, sau khi da tao lap can khdn the gidi thi: "Thay lai phan tanh Thay ma sanh ra van vat la vat chat, thao mdc, cdn triing thii cam, ggi la chiing sanh
"Cac con du hieu rang chi chi hiiu sanh*''' cdng do bdi chan linh Thay ma ra
He cd sdng, at cd Thay Thay la cha cua sir sdng, vi vay ma long hao sanh ciia Thay khdng cung tan
Trang 472 Nghien cihi Ton giao Sd7 - 2008
•"Cai sdng cua ca chung sanh Thay phan
phat khap can khdn the gidi chang khac
nao nhu mgt nhanh hoa trong cdi nd phai
du ngay gid Tha}' nhiit dinh mdi trd bdng'
va sanh trai dang trdng niia bien hda ra
them Neu nhu ai be hoa ay nua chirng thi
la sat mot kiep sanh khdng cho bien hda
"Mdi mang sdng deu hiiu can him kiep Dau
ngu}'en sanh ha}' hda sanh ciing vay"", den the
na}' lau mau deu dinh trudc Neu ai giet mang
sdng deu chiu qua bao khdng sai" "
Do vay giir gidi cam sat sinh la tdn
trong dtrc hieu sinh cua Thugng De
8 Hau qua cua viec khong giir gidi
cam du dao
Gidi cam du dao nham ngan cam con
ngudi na} sinh ldng gian tham tir ca nhan
gia dinh xa hgi qudc gia cho tdi toan the
gidi Khdng biet giii gidi cam nay se gay ra
hau qua rat tai hai Dire Thugng De cua dao
Cao Dai da} rang:
" gian tham da tham nhap vao long thi
long het dao dire
"Tham gian da nhap \'ao nha thi nha
klidng chanh giao
"Tham gian da nhap \'ao nudc thi nudc
het chon tri''"'
"Tham gian da long toan the gidi thi the
aidi het Thanh Than' 141
"Thay khdng can ndi su gian tham cd the
giuc cac con ldi Dao ciing Tha}' ma bi ldm
dieu tgi ldi Ay \'ay gian tham la trgng tgi"'"""'
8 Lien quan giu-a gioi cam ta dam va
gioi cam sat sinh
Dam due lam hao tdn tinh ma tinh lai do
mau huyet tao nen Do do dam due lam hao
ton mau hu}'et ciing gay nen tgi sat sinh
Do \'a\" Dire Thucma De cua dao Cao Dai
day rang: " mdt gigt mau la mdt khoi chon linh nhu cac con dam qua do thi sat mang chon linh a}'
"Khi cac con thoat xac thi nd den tai Nghiet Canh Dai ma kien cac con cac con
chang he chdi tgi dang Phai giir gin gidi
cam av cho lam" ( 1 6 )
9 Hau qua cQa viec khong giir gioi cam tihi nhuc
a J 'e phdn xac than
Nhau nhet say sua rugu thit lam cho ngii tang, luc phii ' tiep nhan qua nhieu ddc td tir rugu \"a thit dgng \'at Do dd ngu tang, luc phu phai tang cudng hoat dgng \"ugt qua mire do tu nhien de thanh Igc mau Lau ngay chirc nang thanh Igc cua cac ca quan na}' SU}' }'eu dan khdng du sire thai het chat dgc Ca the tich tu cang luc cang nhieu chat dgc thi than xae cang phat sinh nhieu benh tat Dire Thugng De cua dao Cao Dai da}:
"Nhieu ke phai bi chet nua than minh \'i rugu ""^'
b Ve phdn tdm thdn
Rugu lam cho tam than me met tri nao mat sang sudt con ngudi khdng cdn kiem soat dugc ldi ndi \'a hanh dgng de dang di den chd sai qua}', tham chi la pham phap mat het tinh ngudi bgc Ig tinh thu The nen Dire Thugng De eua dao Cao Dai day rang, rugu lam loan than, ma hau qua la: " than the phai ra ngay dai tra lai chat thu hinli mat pham iihon loai rdi cdn mong chi dang pham Than Thanli Tien Phat Lai nira budi loan than a}" de cua trdng cho ta mi xung dot vao giuc cac con lam \ iec tgi tinh
ma phai chiu phan luan hdi mudn kiep"*'^'
10 Hau qua ciia viec khong aiu- aidi cam vong ngir ve mat sieu hinh
Ve mat sieu hinh can ngudi duac Dire
Trang 5Thugng De ban cho tanh linh ma ddi
thudng ggi la luong tam Dire Thugng De
ciia dao Cao Dai day ve tanh linh nay nhu
sau; "Thay da ndi rang nai than pham cac
con, mdi dira Thay deu cho mgt chon linh
gin giii cai chon mang sanh tdn Thay
tudng chang can ndi, cac con ciing hieu rd
rang dang chon linh ay vdn vd tu, ma lai
dang phep giao thdng ciing ca chu Than,
Thanh, Tien, Phat va cac Dang trgn lanh
nai Nggc Hu Cung, nhirt nhirt dieu lanh va
viec dir deu ghi chep khdng sai, dang dang
vao Tda Phan Xet, bdi vay nen mdt may
khdng qua, dir lanh deu cd tra Lai nira, cac
chon linh ay, tanh Thanh nai minh da chang
phai giii gin cac con ma thdi, ma cdn day
PHU LUC:
dd cac con "
Dire Thugng De day them v^ hau qua tai hai ciia viec pham gidi cam vgng ngii' nhu sau: "Nhu cac con ndi ddi, trudc chua ddi vdi ngudi, thi cac con da ndi ddi vdi luang tam, tire la chon linh
"Thay da ndi, chon linh ay dem nap vao Tda Phan Xet tir Idi ndi cua cac con Dau nhiing ldi ndi ay khdng thiet hanh ( ), chd tgi hinh ciing ddng mgt the
"Nai Tda Phan Xet, chang mdt ldi ndi vd ich ma bd, nen Thay day cac con phai can ngdn, can hanh Tha la cac con lam tgi ma chiu tdi cho danh, hon la cac con ndi tdi ma phai mang trgng hinh ddng the"' "
Dire Thai Thuong Dao To doi chieu le tiro'ng dong Ngu gioi cam trong Tam giao Co quan Pho thdng Giao li, Ti thdi, 15-02 Quy Suu (18-3-1973)
Cho hda hgp cong phu tac dong,
Cdm sdt sanh de rong long Nhan,
Tren trdi sao Tue*"" rang ngan,
Phuong Dong on dinh khi than hoa vui
Ngu'di Can ddm vung ngdi hanh Moc,
Than khdi loai ta doc nhieu nhuong
Cdm trgm cap, khdng tdn thuong, ,
Hanh Kim vuong khi ven dudng NghTa an
Trdi Thai Bach'""' mudn phan td rang,
Dat phuong Tay sung man dieu hda,
Ngudi thi trudng Phe tang gia,
Kien hanh thong khi man ma duong nudi
Cdm Id ddm trau doi dire Le,
Hoa hau dieu tiet che am sanh,
Tren trdi Huynh Hoac'"'*' trong thanh, ' •
Phuang Nam an dinh diem lanh viec may
Ngudi Tam trudng an bai sinh dong,
Chu hinh hai huyet thdng trtiyen ban,
Gifr cho than dinh khi an
Trang 674 Nghien ciru Ton giao 5o'7-2()05
Vdc hinh k h a n g kien dam d a n g tri vi
Cdm tint nhuc kien tri dire Tri,
Thanh mau n h d hanh Thiiy rudi chan
Than tinh'"^' soi sang dam ngan, : ".j ,,
' Dat thi p h u o n g Bac thoat nan giam tai
N g u d i Than thiiy du day mat me,
C h o bang q u a n g nham le dieu h a n h
Cdm dieu vgngngirViu danh ' '•' '' '•'• ' '
Giir gin chir Tin cho thanh thien chon '•"" ' • -' •'• - • ••
Thd trung u'ong trong phan chuyen van, '' '"' •' J •'•'"* ' ' '•'"
Trdi Tran tinh'"" khdi chan thien quang,
Dat la M o Ki dinh an,
N g u d i thi Ti vi kien k h a n g luu hanh
,rl : '"''.:
>_••, ^ : ! ! ' : / ru.) Oi.O
: ' ' c
'•rK;l
Chu thich:
1 I.)u \m \a Dao iS dong nghia la lay trom an cap Chir iii} thuang dpc la thdu nhung lldn-i'iet Tir Dien cua Dao Duy Anh (Sai Gon: Nxb Truang Thi 1957) doc la dn
2 Nam giai ran con lai ciia Balamon la: 6 Phai sach se tinh khiet (saiicha) 7 Biet bang long (sanloshu) 8 Ki luat \ai ban than (lapa.s) 9 Phai hoc tap (svadhyaya) 10 Vang phuc menh Trai (ishvarapranidhana)
3 Muoi dieu ran do Dire Chiia Trai truyen cho Thanh Moses tren niii Sinai, tao thanh nen tang luan li cua Do Thai giao Giao hoi Cong giao La Ma an dinh ngi dung chuan cua Muai dieu ran nhu sau: 1 Tho phung mpt Dire Chiia Trai va kinh men Ngudi tren het moi su 2 Cho keu ten Dire Chiia Trai vo ca 3 Giu nga\' Chiia nhat 4 Thao kinh cha me, 5 Cha giet nguoi 6 Cho lam su dam due 7 Cho la\' ciia nguoi 8 Cho lam chirng doi 9 Cha muon \ a chong nguoi 10 Cha tham cua nguai
4 Xem thanh giiio a Phu luc cua bai \ iet na> ,.,,i , ,.,.,.,, i,
5 Tlianh Xgon Hiep Tuyen (Quyen thir Nhirt) Toa Thanh Ta\ Ninh 1964 tr 29
6 Tam Thira Chon Gido (Quyen Nhat) Hoi Thanh Trung Uong Trung 'Viet tai Tam Quan 1961, tr 29
7 Dai Thira Chan Gido Chieu Minh xuat ban 1950 tr 378
8 Thdnh Ngon Hiep Tuyen (Quyen thu Nhirt) Ngay 19-12-1926
9 Chi chi hini sanh: Moi thir gi co su song
10 \6 phai du ngdy gid Thay nhirt dinh mdi tro bong: Phai dimg thai gian quy dinh theo luat Tao hoa thi no mai
tro bong
11 .Xguyen sanh: Chon linh tir coi trai xuong the gian lam mpt chiing sinh Hda sanh: Chan linh tien hoa len, nhu
khoang san tien hoa thanh thao moc, roi thao moc tien hoa thanh thii cam, roi thii cim tiSn hoa lam nguai
12 Thdnh \'gdn Hiep Tuyen (Quyen thir Nhi) Toa Thanh Tay Ninh, 1966, tr 62
13 S'lrdc hei chan tri: quoc gia roi loan
14 The gidi het Thdnh Thdn: the gioi chi con quy ma (la cai xau, cai ac)
15 Thdnh Xgdn Hiep Tuyen (Quyen thir Nhi) Toa Thanh Tay Ninh, 1966, tr 63-64
16 Thdnh S'gdn Hiep Tuyen (Quyen thir Nhi) Toa Thanh Tay Ninh, 1966, tr 64
17 Xgii lang: tam (tim), can (gan), ty (la lach), phS (phoi), va than Luc phu: vi (da day, bao tir), dam (mat), tam
tieu (thuong tieu: mieng tren da day; trung tieu: khoang giira da day; ha tieu: mieng tren bang quang), bang quang (bong dai), dai truong (rupt gia), va tieu truang (rupt npn)
18 Thdnh Sgdn Hiep Tuyen (Quyen thir Nhi) Toa Thanh Tay Ninh, 1966, tr 65
19 Thdnh Ngdn Hiep Tuyen (Quyen thir Nhi) Toa Thanh Tay Ninh, 1966, tr 66
20 Thdnh Ngdn Hiep Tuyen (QuySn thir Nhi) Toa Thanh Tay Ninh, 1966 tr 66
21 Sao Tue ffi; fi^.: Tue tinh, Moc tinh t< f:, sap Mpc
22 Thai Bach ktl: Kim tinh ^f? ., sap Kim, Minh tinh HJ^f? sao Minh, sao Khai Minh ii'iB^, sap Truang Canh
H/IE sap Mai, sap Hom
23 Huynh Hoac 'TiJ^-.: Hoa tinh -kf^ sao Hoa
24 Than tinh ki <?•-.: sap Than Thuy tinh 7|v >f:,, sap Thiiy
25 Tran tinh 1*^.: sap Tran, Thp tinh L ' ? , sap Tho, Diin tinh %ff., sap Dikn Tin tinh faff., sao Tin