Microsoft Access 2003_ Inside out

81 Part 2 Building a Microsoft Access Desktop Application Chapter 4 Creating Your Database and Tables 85 Creating a New Database.. This sample database demonstrates how to build a client

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Redmond, Washington 98052-6399

Copyright © 2004 by John L Viescas

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Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton

Project Editor: Sandra Haynes

Series Editor: Sandra Haynes

Technical Editor: Curt Philips

Body Part No X09-71422

And for mom I finished this book just in time for your 90th birthday I

hope I’ve made you proud.

Creating and Working

with Simple Queries 219

Chapter 11Building a Form 397Chapter 12

Customizing a Form 433

Chapter 13Advanced Form Design 481Chapter 14

Using Reports 523

Chapter 15Constructing a Report 537Chapter 16

Advanced Report Design 555

Part 4

Designing an Access Project

Chapter 17Building Tables in an Access Project 599

Chapter 18Building Queries in anAccess Project 637Chapter 19

Designing Forms in an Access Project 685

Chapter 20Building Reports in anAccess Project 701

Automating Your Application

with Visual Basic 857

Creating Static and

Dynamic Web Pages 985

Chapter 30Securing Your Database 1163Chapter 31

Distributing Your Application 1203

Part 8

Appendix

AppendixInstalling Microsoft Office 1223

Part 9

Articles

Article 1Understanding SQL A1

Article 2Exporting Data A45Article 3

Visual Basic Function Reference A49

Article 4Internet Explorer Web Page Color Names A59

Acknowledgments xxiii

We’d Like to Hear from You! xxv

About the CD xxvii

What’s on the CD xxvii

Sample Applications xxviii

Using the CD xxixi

System Requirements xxix

Support Information xxix

Conventions and Features Used in This Book xxxi

Text Conventions xxxi

Design Conventions xxxi

Syntax Conventions xxxiii

Introduction xxxv

Microsoft Access Today xxxvi

About This Book xxxvii

Part 1 Understanding Microsoft Access Chapter 1 What Is Microsoft Access? 3 What Is a Database? 3

Relational Databases 4

Database Capabilities 5

Microsoft Access as an RDBMS 6

Data Definition and Storage 6

Data Manipulation 8

Data Control 11

Microsoft Access as an Application Development System 11

Deciding to Move to Database Software 13

Chapter 2 The Many Faces of Microsoft Access 17 The Architecture of Microsoft Access 17

Exploring a Desktop Database—Housing Reservations 19

Tables 23

Queries 27

Forms 29

Reports 34

Data Access Pages 38

Macros 43

Organizing Your Objects 46

Exploring a Project File—LawTrack Contacts 48

Tables 48

Views, Functions, and Stored Procedures 50

The Many Faces of Microsoft Access 51

Chapter 3 Designing Your Database Application 53 Application Design Fundamentals 53

Step 1: Identifying Tasks 54

Step 2: Charting Task Flow 54

Step 3: Identifying Data Elements 55

Step 4: Organizing the Data 55

Step 5: Designing a Prototype and a User Interface 55

Step 6: Constructing the Application 55

Step 7: Testing, Reviewing, and Refining 56

An Application Design Strategy 56

Analyzing the Tasks 58

Selecting the Data 61

Organizing Tasks 63

Data Analysis 64

Choosing the Database Subjects 64

Mapping Subjects to Your Database 66

Database Design Concepts 67

Waste Is the Problem 67

Normalization Is the Solution 69

Efficient Relationships Are the Result 77

When to Break the Rules 79

Improving Performance of Critical Tasks 79

Capturing Point-In-Time Data 80

Creating Report Snapshot Data 81

Part 2 Building a Microsoft Access Desktop Application Chapter 4 Creating Your Database and Tables 85 Creating a New Database 86

Using a Database Template to Create a Database 86

Creating a New Empty Database 90

Creating Your First Simple Table by Entering Data 92

Creating a Table Using the Table Wizard 94

Creating a Table in Design View 100

Understanding Field Data Types 102

Setting Field Properties 104

Completing the Fields in the Companies Table 110

Defining Simple Field Validation Rules 111

Defining Input Masks 114

Defining a Primary Key 118

Defining a Table Validation Rule 118

Understanding Other Table Properties 121

Defining Relationships 123

Defining Your First Relationship 126

Creating a Relationship on Multiple Fields 128

Adding Indexes 130

Single Field Indexes 130

Multiple-Field Indexes 131

Setting Table Design Options 133

Printing a Table Definition 136

Database Limitations 137

Chapter 5 Modifying Your Table Design 139 Before You Get Started 140

Making a Backup Copy 140

Checking Object Dependencies 142

Deleting Tables 143

Renaming Tables 145

Changing Field Names 146

Moving Fields 150

Inserting Fields 152

Copying Fields 154

Deleting Fields 156

Changing Data Attributes 157

Changing Data Types 157

Changing Data Lengths 162

Dealing with Conversion Errors 163

Changing Other Field Properties 163

Reversing Changes 165

Using the Table Analyzer Wizard 165

Taking a Look at Lookup Properties 171

Changing the Primary Key 176

Compacting Your Database 177

Chapter 6 Importing and Linking Data 179 A Word About Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) 179

Importing dBASE Files 182

Importing Paradox Files 184

Importing SQL Tables 186

Importing Access Objects 191

Importing Spreadsheet Data 192

Preparing a Spreadsheet 193

Importing a Spreadsheet 194

Fixing Errors 197

Importing Text Files 199

Preparing a Text File 199

Importing a Text File 202

Fixing Errors 206

Modifying Imported Tables 208

Linking Files 208

Security Considerations 209

Performance Considerations 209

Linking Access Tables 211

Linking dBASE and Paradox Files 213

Linking Text and Spreadsheet Files 213

Linking SQL Tables 214

Modifying Linked Tables 216

Unlinking Linked Tables 216

Using the Linked Table Manager 216

Chapter 7 Creating and Working with Simple Queries 219 Selecting Data from a Single Table 221

Specifying Fields 223

Setting Field Properties 224

Entering Selection Criteria 226

Using Expressions 233

Using the Expression Builder 240

Specifying Field Names 245

Sorting Data 247

Testing Validation Rule Changes 249

Checking a New Field Validation Rule 249

Checking a New Table Validation Rule 250

Working in Query Datasheet View 252

Moving Around and Using Keyboard Shortcuts 252

Working with Subdatasheets 254

Changing Data 257

Working with Hyperlinks 264

Sorting and Searching for Data 269

Building Complex Queries 277

Selecting Data from Multiple Tables 277

Creating Inner Joins 278

Building a Query on a Query 284

Using Outer Joins 287

Using a Query Wizard 293

Summarizing Information with Totals Queries 296

Totals Within Groups 296

Selecting Records to Form Groups 301

Selecting Specific Groups 302

Building Crosstab Queries 302

Partitioning Data in a Crosstab Query 306

Using Query Parameters 308

Customizing Query Properties 310

Controlling Query Output 311

Working with Unique Records and Values 312

Defining a Subdatasheet 315

Other Query Properties 318

Editing and Creating Queries in SQL View 319

Limitations on Using Select Queries to Update Data 323

Creating PivotTables and PivotCharts from Queries 324

Building a Query for a PivotTable 325

Designing a PivotTable 328

Designing a PivotChart 332

Chapter 9 Modifying Data with Action Queries 337 Updating Groups of Rows 337

Testing with a Select Query 338

Converting a Select Query to an Update Query 339

Running an Update Query 340

Updating Multiple Fields 342

Creating a New Table with a Make-Table Query 346

Creating a Make-Table Query 346

Running a Make-Table Query 350

Inserting Data from Another Table 352

Creating an Append Query 353

Running an Append Query 355

Deleting Groups of Rows 356

Testing with a Select Query 356

Using a Delete Query 358

Deleting Inactive Data 359

Troubleshooting Action Queries 360

Solving Common Action Query Errors and Problems 360

Creating Forms and Reports in a Desktop Application

Chapter 10

Uses of Forms 365

A Tour of Forms 366

Headers, Detail Sections, and Footers 366

Multiple-Page Forms 367

Continuous Forms 368

Subforms 369

Pop-Up Forms 370

Modal Forms 371

Special Controls 372

PivotTables and PivotCharts 379

Moving Around on Forms and Working with Data 380

Viewing Data 381

Adding Records and Changing Data 384

Searching for and Sorting Data 391

Performing a Simple Search 392

Performing a Quick Sort on a Form Field 392

Adding a Filter to a Form 392

Printing Forms 394

Chapter 11 Building a Form 397 Forms and Object-Oriented Programming 397

Starting from Scratch—A Simple Input Form 400

Building a New Form with Design Tools 400

Building a Simple Input Form for the tblCompanies Table 411

Customizing Colors and Checking Your Design Results 418

Working with Form Wizards 420

Creating the Basic Products Form with a Form Wizard 420

Modifying the Products Form 424

Simplifying Data Input with a Form 426

Taking Advantage of Combo Boxes and List Boxes 426

Using Toggle Buttons, Check Boxes, and Option Buttons 430

Chapter 12 Customizing a Form 433 Aligning and Sizing Controls 433

Sizing Controls to Fit Content 435

Adjusting Control Layout 439

“Snapping” Controls to the Grid 440

Lines and Rectangles 444

Colors and Special Effects 447

Fonts 449

Setting Control Properties 451

Formatting Properties 451

Adding a Scroll Bar 461

Enabling and Locking Controls 462

Setting the Tab Order 462

Adding a Smart Tag 463

Understanding Other Control Properties 465

Setting Form Properties 469

Allowing Different Views 469

Setting Navigation Options 470

Defining a Pop-Up and/or Modal Form 471

Controlling Edits, Deletions, Additions, and Filtering 472

Defining Window Controls 472

Setting the Border Style 473

Understanding Other Form Properties 474

Setting Form and Control Defaults 477

Changing Control Defaults 477

Working with AutoFormat 478

Defining a Template Form 479

Chapter 13 Advanced Form Design 481 Basing a Form on a Multiple-Table Query 482

Creating a Many-to-One Form 482

Creating and Embedding Subforms 487

Specifying the Subform Source 488

Designing the Innermost Subform 490

Designing the First Level Subform 494

Embedding a Subform 495

Specifying the Main Form Source 499

Creating the Main Form 499

Creating a Subdatasheet Subform 502

Displaying Values in an Option Group 504

Using Conditional Formatting 506

Working with the Tab Control 509

Creating Multiple-Page Forms 513

Introducing ActiveX Controls—The Calendar Control 515

Working with PivotChart Forms 518

Building a PivotChart Form 519

Embedding a Linked PivotChart 520

Using Reports 523

Uses of Reports 523

A Tour of Reports 524

Print Preview—A First Look 525

Headers, Detail Sections, Footers, and Groups 526

Subreports 528

Objects in Reports 530

Printing Reports 532

Print Setup 532

Chapter 15 Constructing a Report 537 Starting from Scratch—A Simple Report 537

Building the Report Query 538

Designing the Report 539

Sorting and Grouping Information 541

Completing the Report 542

Using a Report Wizard 546

Selecting a Report Type 546

Specifying Wizard Options 547

Viewing the Result 552

Chapter 16 Advanced Report Design 555 Building a Query for a Complex Report 556

Creating the Basic Facility Occupancy by Date Report 557

Defining the Sorting and Grouping Criteria 559

Setting Section and Report Properties 562

Section Properties 562

Report Properties 564

Using Calculated Values 572

Adding the Print Date and Page Numbers 572

Performing Calculations 573

Hiding Redundant Values and Concatenating Text Strings 578

Calculating Percentages 580

Using Running Sum 581

Taking Advantage of Conditional Formatting 584

Creating and Embedding a Subreport 585

Understanding Subreport Challenges 586

Building a Report with a Subreport 589

Adding a PivotChart to a Report 592

Designing the PivotChart Form 592

Embedding a PivotChart in a Report 593

Designing an Access Project

Chapter 17

Creating a New Project File 600

Building a New SQL Server Database 600

Connecting to an Existing SQL Server Database 603

Creating a Table in Design View 607

Defining Columns 608

Column Data Types 610

Completing the Columns in the Companies Table 614

Understanding Column Properties 616

Defining a Primary Key 618

Adding Indexes 619

Creating Additional Tables in Contact Tracking 623

Defining Check Constraints 625

Creating Additional Constraint Expressions 628

Defining Relationships 629

Defining Relationships in Table Design View 629

Defining Relationships Using Database Diagrams 632

Setting Table Design Options 635

Chapter 18 Building Queries in an Access Project 637 Building Queries Using the Query Designer 640

Understanding the Query Designer 640

Working with Views 650

Working with In-Line Functions 655

Working with Stored Procedures 661

Building Queries Using a Text Editor 665

Building a Text Stored Procedure 667

Building a Text Scalar Function 681

Building a Text Table-Valued Function 683

Chapter 19 Designing Forms in an Access Project 685 Understanding Form Differences in an Access Project 685

Choosing Option Settings 687

Setting Project Form Properties 689

Setting Recordset Type 692

Understanding Max Records 692

Working with Server Filters 694

Setting Input Parameters 697

Building Reports in an Access Project 701

Understanding Report Differences in an Access Project 701

Setting Project Report Properties 702

Working with Server Filters 703

Working with Input Parameters 705

Part 5 Automating an Access Application Chapter 21 Understanding Event Processing 713 Access as a Windows Event-Driven Application 713

Understanding Events in Windows 713

Leveraging Access Events to Build an Application 714

Summary of Form and Report Events 715

Opening and Closing Forms and Reports 716

Changing Data 717

Detecting Focus Changes 720

Detecting Filters Applied to Forms 722

Trapping Keyboard and Mouse Events 722

Detecting Changes in PivotTables and PivotCharts 725

Printing 727

Trapping Errors 728

Detecting Timer Expiration 728

Understanding Event Sequence and Form Editing 728

Summary of Macro Actions 731

Opening and Closing Access Objects 732

Printing Data 735

Executing a Query 736

Testing Conditions and Controlling Action Flow 737

Setting Values 738

Searching for Data 739

Building a Custom Menu and Executing Menu Commands 740

Controlling Display and Focus 741

Informing the User of Actions 743

Renaming, Copying, Deleting, Saving, Importing, and Exporting Objects 743

Running Another Application 745

The Macro Design Facility—An Overview 745

Working with the Macro Design Window 745

Defining Multiple Actions 749

Grouping Macros 751

Conditional Expressions 753

Understanding Visual Basic Fundamentals 757

The Visual Basic Development Environment 758

Modules 758

The Visual Basic Editor Window 760

Working with Visual Basic Debugging Tools 766

Variables and Constants 774

Data Types 775

Variable and Constant Scope 777

Declaring Constants and Variables 778

Const Statement 778

Dim Statement 779

Enum Statement 782

Event Statement 783

Private Statement 784

Public Statement 786

ReDim Statement 787

Static Statement 788

Type Statement 789

Collections, Objects, Properties, and Methods 791

The Access Application Architecture 791

The Data Access Objects (DAO) Architecture 793

The ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) Architecture 795

Referencing Collections, Objects, and Properties 798

Assigning an Object Variable—Set Statement 801

Object Methods 803

Functions and Subroutines 812

Function Statement 812

Sub Statement 814

Understanding Class Modules 815

Property Get 816

Property Let 818

Property Set 820

Controlling the Flow of Statements 823

Call Statement 823

Do…Loop Statement 824

For…Next Statement 825

For Each…Next Statement 826

GoTo Statement 826

If…Then…Else Statement 827

RaiseEvent Statement 828

Select Case Statement 829

Stop Statement 830

While…Wend Statement 830

With…End With Statement 831

DoCmd Object 832

Executing a Menu Command 833

Actions with Visual Basic Equivalents 834

Trapping Errors 834

On Error Statement 834

Some Complex Visual Basic Examples 836

A Procedure to Randomly Load Data 836

A Procedure to Examine All Error Codes 850

Chapter 23 Automating Your Application with Visual Basic 857 Why Aren’t We Using Macros? 857

When to Use Macros 858

When to Use Visual Basic 858

Assisting Data Entry 859

Filling In Related Data 859

Handling the NotInList Event 863

Fixing an E-Mail Hyperlink 867

Providing a Graphical Calendar 867

Working with Linked Photos 872

Validating Complex Data 878

Checking for Possible Duplicate Names 878

Testing for Related Records When Deleting a Record 880

Verifying a Prerequisite 881

Maintaining a Special Unique Value 883

Checking for Overlapping Data 884

Controlling Tabbing on a Multiple-Page Form 886

Automating Data Selection 887

Working with a Multiple-Selection List Box 888

Providing a Custom Query By Form 891

Selecting from a Summary List 898

Filtering One List with Another 899

Linking to Related Data in Another Form or Report 902

Linking Forms Using a Filter 902

Linking to a Report Using a Filter 903

Synchronizing Two Forms Using a Class Event 906

Automating Complex Tasks 909

Triggering a Data Task from a Related Form 909

Linking to a Related Task 913

Calculating a Stored Value 917

Automating Reports 917

Allowing for Used Mailing Labels 917

Drawing on a Report 920

The Finishing Touches 927

Creating Custom Menus and Toolbars 927

Understanding the Customize Toolbar Facility 928

Creating a Custom Form Toolbar 931

Creating a Custom Form Menu Bar 936

Creating Custom Shortcut Menus 940

Setting Form, Form Control, and Report Menu and Toolbar Properties 942

Fine-Tuning with the Performance Analyzer Wizard 944

Disabling Form Design View 946

Defining Switchboard Forms 947

Designing a Switchboard Form from Scratch 947

Using the Switchboard Manager to Design Switchboard Forms 949

Controlling How Your Application Starts and Runs 952

Setting Startup Properties for Your Database 952

Starting and Stopping Your Application 953

Creating an AutoKeys Macro 956

Performing a Final Visual Basic Compile 957

Part 6 Linking Access and the Web Chapter 25 Publishing Data on the Web 961 Working with the Web 961

Understanding HTML 962

Introducing XML 969

Maintaining Static Web Pages 971

Creating Dynamic Web Pages 973

Delivering Dynamic Query Results 973

Processing Live Data with HTML Forms 975

Sharing Your Data with SharePoint 978

Introducing SharePoint 978

Office and SharePoint 979

Discovering the Possibilities 979

Viewing Static HTML Pages 979

Exploring Active Server Pages 981

Looking at Data Access Pages 982

Chapter 26 Creating Static and Dynamic Web Pages 985 Creating a Static HTML Document 985

Improving the Look of Exported Data in HTML 988

Generating an HTML Page from an Access Report 995

Defining a System Data Source 1001

Exporting Access Data to an Active Server Page 1004

Programming Active Server Pages 1006

Chapter 27 Building Data Access Pages 1015 Introducing Data Access Pages 1016

Underlying Structure of a Data Access Page 1016

Usefulness and Limitations 1017

Types of Pages You Can Create 1018

Designing Data Access Pages 1021

Setting Options for Data Access Pages 1021

Creating Pages Using the Wizards 1023

Understanding the Data Access Page Design Facility 1028

Modifying a Wizard-Generated Data Access Page 1038

Generating Data Access Pages from Forms and Reports 1047

Creating a Data Access Page in Design View 1055

Automating Data Access Pages 1065

Using the Microsoft Script Editor with Data Access Pages 1065

Creating Scripts for Data Access Pages 1068

Updating Data Access Page Links and Connections 1081

Updating Links from Access to Data Access Pages 1081

Updating Connections 1082

Updating Links and Connections from Within Visual Basic 1088

Uploading Your Pages to a Web Server 1090

Copying Pages Using the Windows XP My Web Sites 1091

Publishing Pages Using FTP 1093

Chapter 28 Working with XML and SharePoint 1095 Exploring XML 1095

Well-Formed XML 1096

Understanding XML File Types 1097

Using XML in Microsoft Access 1105

Exporting and Importing XML from the User Interface 1105

Importing and Exporting XML in Visual Basic 1115

Working with SharePoint 1119

Using SharePoint from Access 1121

Using Access from SharePoint 1126

After Completing Your Application

Chapter 29

Benefits of the Client/Server Architecture 1134

Deciding When to Upsize 1135

Deciding on a Strategy 1137

Upsizing Using the Import Facility 1137

Using the Upsizing Wizard 1138

Preparing Your Desktop Database 1138

General Upsizing Considerations 1138

Preparing Your Tables 1139

Modifying Queries 1141

Changing Forms and Reports 1142

Modifying Your Code 1143

Using the Upsizing Wizard 1147

Ensuring That Your Server Is Started 1148

Running the Wizard 1149

Starting Over If the Wizard Fails 1154

Correcting the Upsize Result 1155

Adding Relationships and Constraints and Fixing Indexes 1155

Correcting Query Problems 1156

Fixing Parameters in Forms and Reports 1159

Fixing Combo Boxes and List Boxes That Use a Large Row Source 1161

Chapter 30 Securing Your Database 1163 Securing a Desktop Database 1163

Access Security Architecture 1164

Users, Groups, and Permissions 1165

Using the Security Wizard 1170

Setting Up Your Secured Database 1182

Security Considerations in a Project File 1195

Understanding Macro Security 1197

Chapter 31 Distributing Your Application 1203 Using Linked Tables in a Desktop Database 1204

Taking Advantage of the Database Splitter Utility 1204

Creating Startup Code to Verify and Correct Linked Table Connections 1206

Verifying Server Connection in a Project File 1210

Understanding Runtime Mode 1213

Understanding the Visual Studio Tools for the Microsoft Office System 1218

Part 8

Appendix

Appendix

Installing Microsoft Office 1224Choosing Options When You Have No Previous Version of Office 1224Choosing Options to Upgrade a Previous Version of Office 1228Installing the Microsoft SQL Server Data Engine (MSDE) 1230Managing ODBC Connections 1233Creating an ODBC System Data Source Name

for Microsoft Access 1235Using ODBC for Connecting to Microsoft SQL Server 1237Converting from a Previous Release of Microsoft Access 1241Conversion Issues 1242Creating an Office Toolbar in Windows XP 1243

Index of Troubleshooting Topics 1247

Index 1249

The folks on the Microsoft Access development team provided invaluable technical support

as I worked with the beta software and tried to figure out some of the challenging technical details in Microsoft Office Access 2003 Special thanks to Bill Ramos, Mike Wachal, Tim

Getsch, and Clint Covington You guys make an author’s job so much easier But any errors

or omissions in this book are ultimately mine

This book wouldn’t have happened without the outstanding efforts of Sandra Haynes, my project editor; Curt Phillips, the excellent technical editor on the book; and Andrea Fox, who kept all my commas in order Thanks also to the entire production team at Microsoft Press Special thanks to Alex Blanton, who talked me into “running the gauntlet” again

Thanks also to G L Sanders, my “partner in crime” at LawTrack, who thought it would be a neat idea to include our contact and sales tracking database as one of the main examples in this book Including a real production database in the book helps readers see the true value of using Microsoft Access And last, but certainly not least, thanks to my son, Michael, who wrote major portions of five of the chapters in this book He’s really turning into a database expert in his own right (maybe it’s genetic)—not bad for someone who majored in psychol-ogy in college

John Viescas

Austin, Texas

August 2003

Our goal at Microsoft Press is to create books that help you find the information you need to get the most out of your software

The Inside Out series was created with you in mind As part of our ongoing effort to ensure

that we’re creating the books that meet your learning needs, we’d like to hear from you Let us know what you think Tell us what you like about this book and what we can do to make it better When you write, please include the title and author of this book in your e-mail mes-sage, as well as your name and contact information We look forward to hearing from you!How to Reach Us

E-Mail: nsideout@microsoft.com

Mail: Inside Out Series Editor

Microsoft PressOne Microsoft WayRedmond, WA 98052

Note: Unfortunately, we can’t provide support for any software problems you might

experi-ence Please go to http://support.microsoft.com for help with any software issues.

The companion CD that ships with this book contains many tools and resources to help you

get the most out of your Inside Out book

What’s On the CD

Your Inside Out CD includes the following:

● Complete eBook. In this section you’ll find the an electronic version of Microsoft Office Access 2003 Inside Out The eBook is in PDF format.

● Insider Extras. This section includes sample files referenced in the book Use these files to follow along with the examples in the book; you can also use them to form the basis for your own work See also “Sample Applications,” later in this section for more detail

● Microsoft Resources. In this section, you’ll find information about additional

resources from Microsoft that will help you get the most out of the Microsoft Office System Building on the familiar tools that many people already know, the Microsoft Office System includes servers, services, and desktop programs to help address a broad array of business needs

● Extending Access. In this section, you’ll find great information about third-party utilities and tools you use to further enhance your experience with Access 2003

ver-sion of the Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition Suitable for home and office,

the dictionary contains more than 10,000 entries

The companion CD provides detailed information about the files on this CD and links to Microsoft and third-party sites on the Internet All the files on this CD are designed to be accessed through Microsoft Internet Explorer (version 5.01 or higher)

Note Please note that the links to third-party sites are not under the control of Microsoft Corporation, and Microsoft is therefore not responsible for their content, nor should their

inclusion on this CD be construed as an endorsement of the product or the site

Software provided on this CD is in English language only and may be incompatible with English language operating systems and software

non-Sample Applications

Throughout this book, you’ll see examples from three sample Access applications included

on the companion CD These are located in the Insider Extras area of the CD

● Wedding List (WeddingList.mdb). This application is an example of a simple base that you might build for your personal use It has a single main table where you can track the names and addresses of wedding invitees, whether they’ve said that they will attend, the description of any gift they sent, and whether a thank you note has been sent Although you might be tempted to store such a simple list in an Excel spreadsheet

data-or a Wdata-ord document, this application demonstrates how stdata-oring the infdata-ormation in Access makes it easy to search and sort the data and produce reports

● Housing Reservations (Housing.mdb). This application demonstrates how a pany housing department might track and manage reservations in company-owned housing facilities for out-of-town employees and guests This application includes data access pages that could be published on a company intranet for use by employees log-

com-ging in from remote locations You’ll also find HousingDataCopy.mdb and HousingDataCopy2.mdb files that contain many of the query, form, and report exam- ples The Housing2BSecured.mdb and HousingSecured.mdb files demonstrate how to

design an application that works with Microsoft Access desktop security

● LawTrack Contacts (Contacts.mdb, ContactsData.mdb, Contacts.adp, and

with LawTrack Software Development (http://www.lawtrack.net/) It is both a contacts

management and order entry database—two samples for the price of one! This sample database demonstrates how to build a client/server application using only desktop tools as well as how to “upsize” an application to create an Access project and related SQL Server tables, views, stored procedures, and functions You will need to install the desktop version of SQL Server from your Microsoft Office 2003 Setup discs to be able

to fully use the project version of this database (See the Appendix for instructions.)

You’ll also find a ContactsDataCopy.mdb file that contains additional query, form, and

report examples

Please note that the person names, company names, e-mail addresses, and Web site addresses

in these databases are all fictitious Although I preloaded both databases with sample data, the Housing Reservations and LawTrack Contacts databases also include a special form

(zfrmLoadData) that has code to load random data into the sample tables based on

parame-ters that you supply

The examples in this book assume you have installed Microsoft Office 2003, not just Access

2003 Several examples also assume that you have installed all optional features of Access through the Office 2003 setup program If you have not installed these additional features, your screen might not match the illustrations in this book or you might not be able to run some of the samples from the companion CD A list of the additional features you will need

to run all the samples in this book is included in the Appendix The dialog boxes illustrated

in this book were captured with the Office Assistant turned off

Following are the minimum system requirements necessary to run the CD:

later

Note System requirements may be higher for the add-ins available on the CD Individual add-in system requirements are specified on the CD An Internet connection is necessary to access the some of the hyperlinks Connect time charges may apply

Support Information

Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the book and the contents of this panion CD For feedback on the book content or this companion CD, please contact us by using any of the addresses listed in the “We’d Like to Hear From You” section

com-Microsoft Press provides corrections for books through the World Wide Web at http://

www.microsoft.com/mspress/support/ To connect directly to the Microsoft Press Knowledge Base and enter a query regarding a question or issue that you may have, go to http://

www.microsoft.com/mspress/support/search.asp.

For support information regarding Office 2003, you can connect to Microsoft Technical

Sup-port on the Web at http://supSup-port.microsoft.com/.

Used in This Book

This book uses special text and design conventions to make it easier for you to find the mation you need

infor-Text Conventions

Design Conventions

This icon identifies a new or significantly updated feature in this version of the software

Inside Out

This statement illustrates an example of an “Inside Out” problem statement

These are the book’s signature tips In these tips, you’ll get the straight scoop on what’s

going on with the software—inside information about why a feature works the way it does You’ll also find handy workarounds to deal with software problems

com-to Track Changes, and click the Highlight Changes command

Boldface type Boldface type is used to indicate text that you enter or type

Initial Capital Letters The first letters of the names of menus, dialog boxes, dialog

box elements, and commands are capitalized Example: the Save As dialog box

Italicized type Italicized type is used to indicate new terms.

Plus sign (+) in text Keyboard shortcuts are indicated by a plus sign (+) separating

two key names For example, Ctrl+Alt+Delete means that you press the Ctrl, Alt, and Delete keys at the same time

Tip Tips provide helpful hints, timesaving tricks, or alternative procedures related to the task being discussed.

Troubleshooting

This statement illustrates an example of a “Troubleshooting” problem statementLook for these sidebars to find solutions to common problems you might encounter Trou-bleshooting sidebars appear next to related information in the chapters You can also use the Troubleshooting Topics index at the back of the book to look up problems by topic

Cross-references point you to other locations in the book that offer additional information about the topic being discussed.

This icon indicates information or text found on the companion CD

completing a task or problems that you must address before you can complete a task

Note Notes offer additional information related to the task being discussed

Sidebars

The sidebars sprinkled throughout these chapters provide ancillary information on the topic being discussed Go to sidebars to learn more about the technology or a feature

Syntax Conventions

The following conventions are used in the syntax descriptions for Visual Basic statements in Chapter 22, SQL statements in the “Understanding SQL” article on the companion CD, and other chapters where you find syntax displayed These conventions do not apply to code

examples listed within the text; all code examples appear exactly as you’ll find them in the sample databases

You must enter all other symbols, such as parentheses and colons, exactly as they appear in the syntax line Much of the syntax shown in the Visual Basic chapter has been broken into multiple lines You can format your code all on one line, or you can write a single line of code

on multiple lines using the Visual Basic line continuation character (_)

Bold Bold type indicates keywords and reserved words that you

must enter exactly as shown Microsoft Visual Basic stands keywords entered in uppercase, lowercase, and mixed case type Access stores SQL keywords in queries in all upper-case, but you can enter the keywords in any case

under-Italic Italicized words represent variables that you supply

Angle brackets < > Angle brackets enclose syntactic elements that you must

sup-ply The words inside the angle brackets describe the element but do not show the actual syntax of the element Do not enter the angle brackets

Brackets [ ] Brackets enclose optional items If more than one item is

listed, the items are separated by a pipe character (|) Choose one or none of the elements Do not enter the brackets or the pipe; they’re not part of the element Note that Visual Basic and SQL in many cases require that you enclose names in brackets When brackets are required as part of the syntax of variables that you must supply in these examples, the brack-

ets are italicized, as in [MyTable].[MyField].

Braces { } Braces enclose one or more options If more than one option

is listed, the items are separated by a pipe character (|)

Choose one item from the list Do not enter the braces or the pipe

Ellipsis … Ellipses indicate that you can repeat an item one or more

times When a comma is shown with an ellipsis (,…), enter a comma between items

Underscore _ You can use a blank space followed by an underscore to

con-tinue a line of Visual Basic code to the next line for readability You cannot place a continuation underscore in the middle of a string literal You do not need an underscore for continued lines in SQL, but you cannot break a literal across lines

Once upon a time, in a far-off corner of a land renowned for its wizards and inventors, there lived a Great Wizard Like other great wizards before him (the names of Eli Whitney, Orville and Wilbur Wright, and Thomas Edison still ring throughout the land), this Great Wizard devoted his life to inventing products that would improve the lives of people throughout the known world.

One beautiful spring day under blue skies laced with wispy clouds (and there was great

rejoicing throughout the realm, for such fine days are rare in this far-north land), the Great Wizard declared to all his wizard assistants: “We should create a new invention that will help all people store and manage information more easily In honor of this fine day, I name the

new invention Cirrus.” And so it came to pass that the wizard assistants, toiling

ever-dili-gently over their keyboards, created the new invention

When the new invention was almost finished, the Great Wizard declared: “We must fully test this new invention before we can send it out to compete with products from the realms of Borland or Ashton-Tate Call forth people from around the world, and we shall dub them

beta testers.” The beta testers marveled at the capabilities of the new invention They

exclaimed: “We can assemble new applications to manage our data in record time! We can store our information in tables, ask questions with queries, edit the data with forms, summa-rize the information with reports, and automate the entire process with macros and Basic

We can even access information we already have stored in text files, spreadsheets, or even other data storage systems!”

The Great Wizard studied the information provided by the beta testers with great care and declared, “I think our new invention is ready to enter world competition, but we need to give

it a new name: ACCESS! We should also make it easy for everyone to acquire and use our great

invention, so we will ask only for the small sum of $99 to obtain the fruits of our wizardry.”And so the new invention was sent out into the world, and it immediately became a great suc-cess But the wizards were not finished with their work In the many years hence (and a year

is a long time in the world of such inventions), the wizards toiled on and produced not one but seven new versions of their original invention They made queries faster and forms and reports more powerful They enhanced the original Access Basic language (renaming it

Visual Basic for Applications) and made it compatible with other inventions in the group of products they came to call Office They created a way to directly link the powerful forms, reports, and Visual Basic capabilities of Access to another invention of the wizards: Microsoft SQL Server

Meanwhile, another great invention—the Internet (or World Wide Web)—was taking the world by storm Although this new invention was not directly the work of these wizards of the north, the Great Wizard quickly realized its value and declared that all new inventions or enhancements to old inventions must work with the Internet In response, the wizards work-ing on Access created new tools to make it easy to design Web pages that can display or

Access applications to exchange information with Web servers by adding the ability for Access to understand the new data storage language of the Web—Extensible Markup Lan-guage (XML) And in the latest version they have made it possible for Access queries, forms, and reports to work directly with data stored on a Web server.

Ignoring the man behind the curtain (please pardon the mixed metaphor), we now return to the real world to continue our story

Microsoft Access Today

Access is just one part of Microsoft’s overall data management product strategy Like all good relational databases, it allows you to link related information easily—for example, customer and order data that you enter But Access also complements other database products because

it has several powerful connectivity features As its name implies, Access can work directly with data from other sources, including many popular PC database programs (such as dBASE and Paradox); with many SQL (structured query language) databases on the desktop,

on servers, on minicomputers, or on mainframes; and with data stored on Internet or intranet Web servers Access also fully supports Microsoft’s ActiveX technology, so an Access applica-tion can be either a client or a server for all the other Office applications, including Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, FrontPage, Publisher, and the new Microsoft OneNote.Access provides a very sophisticated application development system for the Microsoft Win-dows operating system This helps you build applications quickly, whatever the data source

In fact, you can build simple applications by defining forms and reports based on your data and linking them with a few Visual Basic statements; there’s no need to write complex code in the classic programming sense Because Access uses Visual Basic, you can use the same set of skills with other applications in Microsoft Office or with Microsoft Visual Basic

For small businesses (and for consultants creating applications for small businesses), the Access desktop development features are all that’s required to store and manage the data used

to run a typical small business Access coupled with Microsoft SQL Server—on the desktop

or on a server—is an ideal way for many medium-size companies to build new applications for Windows quickly and inexpensively For large corporations with a big investment in mainframe relational database applications as well as a proliferation of desktop applications that rely on PC databases, Access provides the tools to easily link mainframe and PC data in

a single Windows-based application

Microsoft Access can also act as a direct source of information published on an intranet or the World Wide Web Data access pages let you quickly create and deploy intranet applica-tions using pages that you create directly from Access much like you would create an Access application form Data access pages can retrieve and update data stored either in an Access database or in Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft Access 2003 includes new and enhanced fea-tures to allow you to export or import data in XML format (the lingua franca of data stored

on the Web) or to directly link to an XML data source on a Microsoft SharePoint Services Web site You can export data (or subsets of data) stored in a Microsoft Access or SQL Server

About This Book

If you’re developing a database application with the tools in Microsoft Access, this book gives you a thorough understanding of “programming without pain.” It provides a solid founda-tion for designing databases, forms, and reports and getting them all to work together You’ll learn that you can quickly create complex applications by linking design elements with Visual Basic This book will also show you how to take advantage of some of the more advanced fea-tures of Microsoft Access You’ll learn how to build an Access project that links directly to a Microsoft SQL Server database You’ll also learn how to use Access tools to link to your Access data from the Web or link your Access application to data stored on the Web

If you’re new to developing applications, particularly database applications, this probably should not be the first book you read about Microsoft Access I recommend that you first

take a look at Microsoft Office Access 2003 Step by Step or Faster Smarter Microsoft Office Access 2003.

Microsoft Office Access 2003 Inside Out is divided into seven major parts:

a single line of code

those features in Access, and discusses some of the main reasons why you should consider using database software

of the major objects in an Access database by taking you on a tour through two

of the sample databases, and explains the many ways you can use Access to ate an application

rela-tional database application with little effort Even if you’re already familiar with Access or creating database applications in general, getting the table design right

is so important that this chapter is a “must read” for everyone Starting with a good design is the key to building easy-to-use and easy-to-modify applications

queries to analyze and update data in your tables

tables

already begun to load data and build other parts of your application

Datasheet view

tables, summarize information, build queries that require you to work in SQL view, and work with the PivotTable and PivotChart views of queries.

data, inserting new data, deleting sets of data, or creating a new table from a selection of data from existing tables

applica-tion, from simple forms you build with a wizard to complex, advanced forms that incorporate embedded forms, multiple pages, PivotCharts, or ActiveX con-trols

fea-tures as well as how to print them

and complex reports in your desktop application

skills you need to create client/server applications in an Access project

define SQL Server tables for the project

the Access project equivalent of Access desktop queries

you how forms work differently in an Access project

how to design reports in an Access project

your database objects and make your application “come alive.”

com-prehensive list of events, and briefly discusses the macro design facility

models implemented in Access The final section of the chapter presents two complex coding examples with a line-by-line discussion of the code

might want to automate with Visual Basic Each section describes a problem, shows you specific form or report design techniques you must use to solve the problem, and walks you through the code from one or more of the sample data-bases that implements the solution

custom command bars (menus and toolbars), how to use the Performance

Ana-■ Chapter 25 provides an overview of the ways you can publish data on a Web site.

your Access applications

data to and linking data from a Microsoft SharePoint server

environment and considerations for converting your application from a desktop database (.mdb) file to a project (.adp) file linked to SQL Server

with the new macro security features

it to others

The book also includes an Appendix that explains how to install Microsoft Office, including which options you should choose for Microsoft Access to be able to open all the samples in this book It also discusses how to install the SQL Server desktop engine (MSDE), and how to define Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) connections to remote data

Four articles that provide important supplementary information are included on the panion CD in Adobe PDF format:

desk-top databases It also contains notes about differences between SQL supported natively

by Access and SQL implemented in SQL Server

applica-tion to such data formats as a spreadsheet, Word mail-merge document, text file, SQL table, or a dBASE or Paradox file

Access application and the equivalent functions you can use when creating queries in SQL Server

(as well as their corresponding hexadecimal codes) so you can designate your colors by name instead of in hexadecimal code when creating Web pages