PYCCEKHE MOHACTHIPH C 1p€eBHHX Bp€MÈH MOHACTBIDH Ha PycH ỐbILJIH HI€@HTpOM pyccKol AYXOBHOH H KVJIBTVPHOI ?KH3HH.. ƠHH CâMH CTDOHIIH CBOH MOHACTBIDH, 3aHHMAđ.IHCb C€JIbCKOXO31ÏCTB€HHbIMH
Trang 13A /TAHHHI 5
TEẾCTT 1 IÍpowHUAHH1€ HCKCHI HH OH16GGHIbH€ Hú 60HDOCĐI
PYCCEKHE MOHACTHIPH
C 1p€eBHHX Bp€MÈH MOHACTBIDH Ha PycH ỐbILJIH HI€@HTpOM pyccKol AYXOBHOH H KVJIBTVPHOI ?KH3HH MOHAXH HHCAJH HWH I€P€IIHCBIBAJH 7P€BHH€ KHIHTH, IIHCAJIH JI€TOIIHCb - XDOHHKYV B?KH€lIIWX HCTODHW€CKHX coØbITnl MHorne (ÙaKTbI H3 HCTODHH CTDAHBI CT4JIH H3B€CTHBI VHÊHBIM H3 JI€TOHHC€ÏI, KOTODBI€ COXPAHH/IHCb B DVCCKHX MOHACTBID4X
B MOHACTBIDSX 3KHJIH H pÀOTAJIH HKOHOHHCHIBI, B TOM HHCJI€ TâKH€ 3HaM€HHMTBI€, KaK AHJIpeli Py6,1ẻB w (Đeodban Ï 'peK ƠHH TIHCAJ1NH HKOHBI, JI€J14JIH POCIMCh XPaMOB
JÏJVXOBHBI€ KHHTH, JI€TOIHHCH, HKOHBI - ITO ObLIO TOJIbKO YaCTbIO
?KH3HH MOHAXOB Bc€ MOHaAXH 3aHHMAJIHCb CâMBIM D33HBIM H HACTO T1-
›KẼJIBHM (ÙWH3HH€CKHM TDYHOM ƠHH CâMH CTDOHIIH CBOH MOHACTBIDH, 3aHHMAđ.IHCb C€JIbCKOXO31ÏCTB€HHbIMH DÃOTAMH, HIHJIH OJ©?KJTY, MOHA-
XH VXâ?KHBAđ1JIH 3a ÕOJIbHBIMH B IDHIOTAX H ØOJIbBHHHAX FÏ KOH€HHO, TJ1AB- HO€, HTO ỐBIJIO B ?KH3HH MOHAXOB, - CJIY?K€HH€ bOTY: MOJIHTBA H HOCT tÍeJIOB€K, KOTODBII IIDHHHMAđ1I MOHAII€CTBO, 3H4/I, HTO BC ©TO ?KH3Hb Õy/eT OT/aHa BOTV
MoHacTrhipelf B Poccnwn ÕbLIO MHOTO He BC€ OHH COXDAHH:IHCb
MHorwe ÕbI7IH DAa3pVIHI€HBI, 1AaCTb CTAJI3 HCTODHKO-KYJIBTVDHBIMH IIAMST- HHKaMH Ho celfac HO BC€l CTpAH€ H/IẾT BOCCTAHOBJICHH€ XDAMOB H
MOHACTBIp€H
KPpyHHelIHH H3 I€ÌÏCTBVIOIIHX C€lfaCc MY?KCKHX MOHACTBIP€H - -
Tponne-CeprnweBa JIaBDpa HaxXO/IHTCä B rOpo/le CeprneB Ï loca/ HeJ147I€KO
OT MocKBbl CCHOBAJI MOHACTBIDb B 337 TONY OIHH H3 CAMBIX HO- qHTaeMBIX Ha Pycn cbBwaTbIx Ceprnli PanoHezcKnHli B I337 rony B JIecy
Trang 2Hâ XOJIM€ OH IOCTPOHJI H€ÕO/IbIIVEO H€DKOBb H MOHAII€CKYVIO K€JTBIO Tak ỐBIIO HOJIO3K€HO HAHAJIO CBITOÌÏ OƠHT€JIH, KOTODA1 CO BD€M€H€M CTAJIA H€HTPOM DYCCKOH HPABOCJIABHOI 3KH3HH - 3HAM€HHTOI ÏpOHIe€- CeprneBoli JIaBpoli
He6ÕO.IbIIỌ MOHACTBIDb, HOCTPOCHHbIM OKOJIO K€JIbH CBWTOTO Cep- TH1, IIOCT€I€HHO DACHIHD4JIC1, DOCJIO HHCJIO MOHAXOB Pä/JIOM C€ MâJI€Hb-
KỌÍ IeDKOBbIO Ceprw4 Pa1oH€?KCKOTO CTDOHLIH HOBBI€ XDAMHI
Jirouu mum k Cepruro 3a YXOBHOHÍ IOMOIIBIO OKOJIO MOHACTbIPA
BbIPOCIa JepeBHA, a 103qHee ropoy Ceprues Iocan
Cepruit PaHnOH€XCKHI CTAảJI HacTOoATeJsIeM OCHOBAHHOI UM
TpowmnKol oÕmTe1n, a Tpowukwii MOHacTbIpb CTA1 Ố/IarOHaps aBTODHT€TV €TO HACTOST€JII HIIDOKO H3B€CTHBIM CBATbIM MECTOM, Kya
CO BC€X KOHHOB PVCH IIDHXO/IHJIH H IIDH€33KAđJIH B€DVIOHIH€ 3/I€Cb OHH
IIOJIVWAJIH IIOMOIIb H IO/LI€D?KKV
CbaTroli CepTHH cH€J1aI MOHACTBIDb H€HTDOM DYCCKOÌ KHH?KHOl KVJIBTVDBI 3/€Cb MOHAXH II€D€IIHCBIBđ/IH ID€BHH€ KHHTH, HIHCAJIH HO-
BHI€
Celuac B Cepruese Ilocaye campm KDVHHBIH B POCCHH MV?KCKOl MOHACTBIDb, /IYXOBHA"” C€MHHADH1 H /IYXOBHA" Ka/I©MHH 3/€Cb ?K€ HAXO/HTC1 ØOTaTeliiias ỐnƠ)IHOT€KA JIYXOBHỌÍ JIHT€DATVDHI
TbICc#dH B€DYyIOIHIHX HPH€3?KAIOT B JIABDY B HH H€DKOBHBIX IIDA3H- HHKOB
IlpeKpacHHÌ apxHT€eKTYPpHHÍ aHcaMỐjIb TponHe-CeprneBol JIABPMI, ec XPpaMbl IIPHBJICKAEKOJTF MHOTOUMCJICHABIX TYPHCTOB
Pycckwe MOHACTHIDH - VHHKAJIbHBbIC MaMATHHKH JYXOBHOH KYJIBTY pBI
HamÕO.JIe€ H3B€CTHBIMH H3 MOCKOBCKHX MOHACTHID€I ABJIAIOTCA Hosogesuunit đ ÀHJDOHHKOB MOHACTBIDH
Trang 3HOBO/I€BHHHI MOHACTBIDb ÕbLJI OCHOBAH B 1524 rony B HaMSTb O BO3BDAII€HHH B COCTAB DYCCKOTO TOCV/ADCTBA TOpO/a CMO/I€HCKA ÀH- CaMGIb MOHACTBID1 CTpOH.IC1 B XVỊ - XVIII BeKax 2TO O/NH H3 CaMBIX KPACHBBIX apXHT€KTVPHBIX aHcaMØJIel MocKBhl IlepBbIiM B lŠ52Š5 roy ỐbIJI IOCTpOeH CMOJIeHcKHli coÕop IÏo37Hee ỐbIJIN IOCTpO€HBI H€DKOBE
M KOJIOKOJIBHI
MoHacTBIDb OKDY?KaA€T KD€IIOCTHA1 CT€HA C IOTA TOT MOHACTBIDb-
KD€TIIOCTE 38IIMII37I TOpoy c rora
HoBO€BHHHÌ MOHACTBIDb, KAK BH7HO H3 €TO HA3BAHH1, ỐBbIJI 3K€H- CKHM MOHACTBIDẺM MOHAXHHH 32TOFTO MOHACTBID1 ỐBIJIH B OCHOBHOM
2K€CHIIIHBI W3 IADCKOl CCMPH HJIH 3HATHOTO pOJ4
Ha Te€ppHTODHH MOHACTBIP4 IOXODPOH€HHI T€DOH BOHHbI € HaIIoJ1eo- HOM 1812 roa, đ€4T€2IH KYV.IBTYpbI XIX BeKa
PänOM C MOHACTBIDEM HaxOJäTc4 HoBO€BHub€ KJIa1ØHIIE 37I€Cb
IOXODOH€HBI DYCCKH€ IIHCAT€IIH: Ï'OTO.Ib, exoB, by/IFAKOB, H3B€CTHBI€
VUÈHBI€, aKTÊPBI, IOJIHTHKM
Horoe BpeMa HoBO€BHHNHÍ MOHACTBIDb ỐbIJI MY3€©M, HCTODHKO- KVJIbETYDHBIM IIAMWTHHKOM C€liqaC B HẺM BHOBb OTKPBIT ?K€HCKHÍ MO- HaCTbIpb
AHJIPOHHKOB MOHACTBIDb, 3aItWIHiaBIIHH MOCKBV C IOTO-BOCTOKA, ỐbILJI OCHOBaH HryMeHOM AHJIPOHHKOM, YYCHHKOM cBATOrO Ceprus Pa- 7OH©X%CKOTO HaHO cka3aTb, YTO 4YeTBEpTad 4aACTb BCeEX MOHACTBIDp€Ù
OblIa OCHOBaHa yH€HWKaAMH CBATOLO Ceprua
B ẦHIPpOHHKOBOM MOHACTBID€ HAXOIHTC1 CâaMO€ CTADO€ 32HH€ MOCKBHI - 370 CTIlaccKHI coÕØOp, KOTODpHIl ỐbLI IoCTpoeH B I410 - 1427 roax B coØop€e COXDAHHJIACb 4acTb @pecoK, BBIIOJIH€HHBIX HOJ DYKOBO/ICTBOM 3HAM€HHTOTO HKOHOIHcHa AHnpex Py616Ba AHTpeli
PyÕØIÈB IpOBE/I B 3TOM MOHACTBID€ IOC.JI€/IHH€ TO/BI CBO€ÏlÍ ?KH3HH H ỐBI2I
TâM IOXODOH€H
Trang 4B 1960 ro/y B HH, KOTa OTMewaic1 600-/1eTHHl tOỐH.Iel AH/Ipes
Py61EBa, Ha TẠDDHTODHIO MOHACTBID1 ObLI IẠDẠBẠ/IÊH MY3Ạỳ IDẠBHeẠ- DYCCKOTO HCKyCCTBa Celfiuac 2ro LleHTpa/IbHBIl MY3Ạl 1pẠBHẠDpYyCCKOl KVJIBTYVDBI H HCKVCCTBA HMẠeHH AHJped PyOnépa B coOpannu my3ex - IPpOH3BeneHH1 uckycctBa XIV - XYVIII BeKOB OCHOBV KO/LIẠKHHH CO- CTABJIIIOT HKOHBIL MV3ẠẠ MO?KHO VBHJIẠTb KOHHH (pẠCOK AHJpes PyửÈBa w (ĐeodaHa ỳpeKa H MHOTOẠ /Ipyroe Ha IIOIHIAHH, D1IOM c
MOHACTBIDẺM, OTKDBIT IAMãTHHK AHJIpeto Py616By
Ha TẠDppHTOpHH MOHACTBID1 IIOXODOHẠH OCHOBATẠJIbE DYCCKOTO
TeaTpa ệẽựnop Bo.IKOB
Heđạo.IbImOl paccKa3 O DVCCKHX MOHACTBID1X /IAÊT BO3MO?KHOCTb IOH4Tb, KAKVIO DOJIb HTDAJIH MOHACTBIDH B 3KH3HH Hapo/a MoHacTBIp- CKHẠ CTẠHbI 33IIHIHđJIH TODO/I oT Bparos Takue ropoya, kak Mocxsa,
HoBropo¡, llcKOB, ỐbILJIW OKPV?3KẠHBI KOJIbIOM MOHACTBIpẠI
B ciydae KpaliHẠeli OIIaCHOCTH MOHAXH, KâK HIPOCTBIẠ BOHHBI, HO/I- HHM8đ/IHCb Hã 3AIIHTV DONHOl 3ẹMJIH B OỐbIHHOẠ BDẠMS HX ODY)KHEM ỐbIJIO CJIOBO H BẠDA
Ho, T/IaBHOẠ, MOHACTBIDH ỐBILIH XDAHHTẠJIIMH KYJIbTYPHbIX H
7YXOBHBIX IIẠHHOCTẠH, IẠHTpAMH VXOBHOHÍ ?KH3HH HApOJ14
3adanue K mexcmy
1 Uro BbI y3HaJIM O pyCCKHX MOHACTBIPAX?
2 KaKVIO DO/Ib HTPAJIH MOHACTBIDH B ?KH3HH DYCCKOTO Hapo/14?
3 PaCCKA3KHTẠ, WTO BbI Y3HAa1IH O ỳIpoHHe-CepTHeBOl JIaBpẠ H O /BVX MOCKOBCKHX MOHAaCTHID1X
Trang 5TEKCT 2 Hpowumaiume mexcm u é6binosnume 3adanua nocie ezo HIHCHUHLH
LYUOUITB TAKIYUUITB' (IIo Mamepuasam 2azem)
Becesbe Ha Pycu Bcerga ỐbLIO B IOqẽT€ T0 paÕOTđJIH OObMHO
«OT HYKIbD>, 3 TYJHUIH - OT BCeH IVIHH H HOJIHOTO cepmal Ậ y% MâCJICHHHA, HJIH, KAK TOBODHJIH B CTADHHY, CBIDHAđ1 H€J€JHI, H BOBC€ ỐbLIA OIHHM H3 JIIOỐHM€HIIHX IPA3IHHKOB BC€l cTpaHbi, H MoOCKBBI
OCOỐGHHO
CaMO€ MHOTO/IOIHO€ H JIOỐHWMO€ TYJIIHH€ IDOHCXOJHJIO Hã JIbNY 3aMÈD3IIHX p©€K H HDVIOB: Ha MOCcKB€-p€K€, HạIpOTHB Kp€MIH, H Hà HerinHKe, nepen BocKpeceHCKHMH BODOTAMH KHTaÏ-TOpOJHA, a WVyTb IO3/IH€€ - Ha TpyÕc B 3HMHIOIO CTV?KV HH3Kađ HỌMA ID€BPpAIHIA/IACb B
HIHDOKVKO HJIOIHIA/Ib, TJI€ MO?KHO ỐBIJIO H Õ4JIATAHBI HIOCTABHTb, H TODBI H3
CH©ỒTA J1 CAHHHBIX pa3BJI€qeHHl HACHIHATEB, H HA KVJIAaHKaX CPA3HTBCi Ky.IauHBIl ØOli COCTAB.JI1JI B CTADHHV OCHOBV BCđKOTO DYCCKOTO B€-
ceJIb1 Ha CbIDHYVIO H€J€JIO H Ha MOCKBOD€HKOM JIBJV HOI KM€HHBIM
MOCTOM, H Ha JIbBJIV HerJINHHKH CXO/JHJIHCb /UII «IDHM€DHBIX ỐHTB» /B€ BD3?KJI€ØHBI€ CTODOHHI [ÏDOTHBHHKOB BbIÕỐWpAJIH OỐbIHHO HO 3Kp€ØHIO IIDOCTBIM D43/I1€JIÊHH€M OXOTHHKOB Ha IAapTHM» Cpa3K€HH€ Haq4HHAJIOCb IIO 3HAKY, OỐbIHHO - IO CBHCTKYV BBIỐOPHOTO W€/IOB€Ka bHJIHCb HJIH OIHH
Ha OJMH, KaK TOBOpHJIM Tora, «CaM Ha CaM», WIM «CTeHKa Ha CTEHKy» J1 BO3ÕV3KJI€HH% «OXOTBI K /IPAK€» TYT 3K€ B TOME 3eBaK OMIM B OVÕHhI; 3DHT€JIH IIOHIÕAHIDHBAJIH Õ€ CTODOHBI KDHKOM HU CBHCTOM BH:IHCb 3K€CTOKO, IIODA?KA1 JDVT Apyra kya yrOHO - B TPV/b, B JIHHO, B 3KHBOT ITO Ob Oo Oe3 IpaBus Ho ÒNBATb VIABII€TO, KaK IDABHLIO,
He MOOMpsAIOCh - Jexayero He ỐbIOT" A BOT COHTb MpOTHBHHKAa Ha
3CMJIFIO OHHHM VHIADOM HA3BIBAdJIOCB «CHATb C UYHCTOTbI>D H BeCbhMa
Trang 6H€HHJIOCb 3HATOKAMH-3DHT€JSIMH Ilocne ?K€CTOKOTO O1 VB€HHBI€ DACHO.I33JIHCb HO /IOMAM, H€KOTODBI€ OCTABA/IHICb HCKAJI€H€HHBIMH HA BCIO ?KH3Hb, H ƠbI/IO H€MđJIO TDYIOB Ho Ha CJI€JVIOHIHH TO/ Hã MâCI€-
HHIIY KV/IaqHBIe ØoH B MlOCKB€ OHITb HOBTOP4IHCB]
xe B Hadqae XVII] cTO/I€TH1 OJHHM H3 JIOỐNHMBIX pA3BJI€q4€HHlÍ
HA MACJI€HHIV Y MOCKBHHM€lI ƠbI/I Õa/IAaTraH baJIaFaHbBI, CKOJIOW€HHBI€ Ha CKODVIO pyKy H3 OCOK, OOTAHYTbIe DACKpAHIHHOÍ poroxKei Win XOJICTHHOH, C MOMOCTOM /IJI1 KDHKACTOTO 343bIBAJIBI, ỐbLJIH OH€Hb HO- IIYJIIDHBI H ÿ IDOCTOTO JIO/IA, H ÿ HM€HHTOTO KVH€H€CTBa KHK, CM€X, V/IHBJIẺHHBI€ BO3TJIACBbI H B3OXH - KaK HH 3ATJIIHVTb B Øa1araH! B HềM OƠBIHHO /4BAJIH CaMO€ H€XHTPO€ IID€/CTABJI€HH€ C JOOMMBIM HApO/IHBIM T€PO€M - IYPAKOM, € €TO H€XHTPBIMH H /I13JI€KO H€ II€JIOMV/ID€HHBIMH IIVTKAMH, #IDỂHBIMH HHỐAVTKAMH H H€HIBVCMBICJI€HHBIMH HO- ØaceHKaMH JÏiOƠỐNHMBI ỐBIIH H KVKOJIbHBI€ HID€/ICTABJI€HH4: TYT F€DO€M ỐbIJI TOT ?K€ YpAK - lleTpyIKa
Hae3›kaw B MOCKBV H HHO3©MHBI€ «ApTHCTBI›: OaslaHcepbi (KaHa- TOXO/IHBI), HIIDHHT€PBI (HDBITVHBI), IIO3HTYPHBIE MACT€PA (THMHACTBI) H IPOqH€ KVHCTM€ĂCT€DpBI (OKVCHHKH) JjÏOỐWHMBIMH T€DOSMH ỐBLJIH KaP.ITHKH, B€C)JIHKAHBI H <BOJIOCATBIC IHKH© JIEOJM
Ho no ÕOJIbII€f qaCTH ID€HCTABJICHH1 ÕbLIH TPA/UHIHIHOHHBIMH: M€/IB€/Jb C /IY/IONHHKOM HJIH TB€DCKH€ #MIIHKH, CJIABHBIIH€C1 HTpOI Ha
pO?KKâX H 1Y/IKâX
A €HIE Ha CBIDHVIO H€/I€/IO B HOHÈT€ ỐBIJIH KATAHbä HO VJIHHAM B
VID4?KKâX H CKATBIBAHH€ € TOP HA J€D€BWHHBIX CAaHKaAX KaTaAHb€ HaHH- HAJIOCb ÒBIHHO H€ C€ IOH€/I€JISHHKA, a C €TB€DTA IIDA3/IHHHHOÍ H€J€/IH
H OCOỠ€HHO VCHJIHBđJIOCb K B€H€DV B IITHHHV: ©€3HJIH H€JIbIMH B€- D€HHIIAMH, C€ II€CHđMH H KDHKAMH Ï'ODBI CTDOH/IHCb H3 CH€FTA, YTpAM- ỐOBBIBA/IHCb H IIO/IHBAJIHCb BOIỌ «7O 347I€1eHeHHs» Ux coopyxeHne ỐbIJIO /I€JIOM H€IDOCTBIM H Tp€ØOBA/IO 3aTpaT «MeIE€HaTaMM» B 3TOM
7I€JI€ BBbICTYVII3J1HW OỐBIHHO ỐOTATBI€ KVHHHI