Delta''''s key to the toefl test part 35

European merchants still take about 50 percent of the Guatemalan beans, with most of the best beans today being exported to England.. The passage will appear on the left side of the scre

A B C

and also produces a fairly limited number of copies

D

11 The first European stock exchange was established in Belgium in 1531, but not until the period of

1620-1700 did English merchants and bankers begin develop our modem stock market terms

12 The sounds of speaking language do not always match up with the symbols of written language

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13 When plants or animals are “indicator” species, 15 In 1884 Mark Twain published the

me indicate the health of an ecosystem Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, - in

American literature

CA) should

to it has been an important work

(®) they Cc) he was importantly working

as important as work

14 Storms, floods, - , and erosion uproot many

trees, which eventually wash up on shore

CA) the rocks sliding

CB) rock slides

Ce) the rocks slid

CB} the rocks which are sliding

16 Much of the 41 million members of Generation X—people born from 1965 to 1979—are turning

to a new mixture of liberalism and conservatism

D

17 Almost hurricanes are accompanied by heavy rain and powerful winds

REVIEW TEST

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18 Percussion instruments like the xylophone have sets of bars that each give a note definite, and the

pitch of the note depends on the size of the bar,

D

19 Thermostats control heaters and cooling machines, repeated turning them on and off so that they

maintain the required temperature

20, The current needed to start the motor of a car is produced by the car’s battery, in where plates of lead

oxide and lead metal are immersed in sulfuric acid

D

21 In the 1890s, actress Sarah Bernhardt made an important contribution to the role of Lady Macbeth when

she displayed an overt sensuality that have been stressed by her twentieth-century successors

22 The colorful petals of the desert poppy resemble that of the true poppies with their brilliant and

spectacular display along roadsides

23 In torrid climates, workers - during 25, - with passive detectors, French scientist

the hottest hours of the day Paul Langevin developed a system for

detecting U-boats during World War I

CA) sleeping

(B) to be sleeping CAD After experimenting

(>) His experiments

24, - to study the American frontier was

done by Frederick Jackson Turner 26 Inside a light bulb - that heats a coiled

wire so that it becomes white—hot

CA) A more notable attempted

CB) More a notable attempt CA) a tungsten filament

Cc The most notable attempt CB) a tungsten filament is

(@) The most notable by attempting is a tungsten filament

CP) that a tungsten filament

form of communication regularly

D

37 Like many electronic devices, solar cells depend semiconductors, materials in which the flow of

electrons can be controlled

D

38 Many ancient cities had fire watchers, but as late as 1666 England’s largest city had nothing organized

fire protection system when the Great Fire of London destroyed much of that city

D

39 Most plants need more humidity is normally found in the average home—especiaily during the dry

winter season, when homes are heafed

D

40 It is essential that commercial fishing has large shoals of fish of one species within reach of markets

Answers to the Structure Review Test are on page 654

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27 Ice storms can damage a tree’s branches -

CA) a cause for breaking

when breaking it causes

Ce) by causing them to break

(@) causing to break them

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28 Of the five social classes identified by sociologists, most Americans fall into either the middle class a

and the working class

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29 Some species of bats have spoon-shaped bristles on the hind toe of their feet with grooming themselves

30 A laser is a device that produces a narrow beam of very bright light or infra-red rays in which all the

waves have exactly the same frequency, are in phase, and to move exactly together

31 The first American to be worth the equivalent of one million dollars was probably plantation owner and

banker Robert “King” Carter, whom father arrived in Virginia in 1635 and began buying land

32 Psychologist Abraham Maslow argued that humans have unique desires to discover and understand,

the giving of love to others, and to fulfill their inner potential

33 North America has experienced periods of 35 Hydrofoils - employ the same

heavy rain that - to the flood stage principles that keep airplanes in the air

CA) was rising its rivers CA) fly through the waves

(B) have raised its rivers flying through the waves

Cc) its rivers are rising Ce) were flying through the waves

CD) has been raised by its rivers (®) flew through the waves

34, - the formation of the universe began

with an enormous explosion called the Big Bang

CA) Believed that

CB That is believed

Cc) It is believed that

(2) It believed that

will be approximately 8 to 13 questions about each passage The questions based on the passages do not

require you to have outside knowledge of the topics All of the information you need to answer the ques-

tions is either stated or implied in the passages

Some of the questions will ask you to identify the topic, major ideas, and supporting details in the passages

Some questions will require you to make inferences, to analyze the organization of the passage, or to

identify the author’s purpose Some questions will ask you about the meaning of certain words and phrases

as they are used in the context of the passage

VN te PAPER-BASED TEST

The paper-based TOEFL will continue to be administered in certain parts of the world and by certain

educational institutions in North America

There are five reading passages and 50 questions in the Reading Comprehension section You have

55 minutes to complete this section This time includes your reading of the directions

Multiple-Choice Questions

On the paper TOEFL, all of the questions in the Reading section are multiple choice For each question,

you will choose the one best answer of four answer choices, (A), (B), (C), or (D) Then, on your answer

sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you

have chosen

A reading passage and question will look like this:

The coffees of Central America profit from the area’s steady climate and wealth of mountains The mountains of the Pacific Cordillera, which stretch in a virtually unbroken

line from Guatemala to the middle of Panama, provide the best combination of climate,

altitude, and soil

5 Guatemala was a relative latecomer to the commercial coffee business, exporting

beans only since 1875 This mountainous country is ideally suited for coffee production,

and its exports now surpass those of much larger countries European merchants still

take about 50 percent of the Guatemalan beans, with most of the best beans today being

exported to England

It can be inferred from the passage that coffee grows well

(A) in the northern hemisphere (B) in mountainous regions (C) in small countries (D) near the Pacific Ocean This passage implies that the mountainous regions of Central America are ideally suited for coffee production

The other answer choices cannot be inferred from the information given Therefore, you should choose (B)

You are allowed to skip questions and return to them later You may also change your answers to previous

questions by erasing and then filling in a different space on your answer sheet Detta’s Key To THE TOEFL® Test 337

KEADING

THE COMPUTER-BASED TEST

On the computerized TOEFL, you must read the passages before you begin to answer the questions The

computer will not present the questions until you have scrolled through the passage

The computer will give you one question at a time You will be able to refer to the passage while you are

answering the questions The passage will appear on the left side of the screen, and the questions will

appear on the right side

The Reading section is not computer~adaptive This means that the way in which the computer gives you

passages and questions is not based on your performance

You are allowed to skip questions and return to them later You may also change your answers to previous

questions You can go back to any previous questions in the Reading section by clicking on Prev However,

this process is very slow

There are four to five reading passages and 44 to 60 questions in the Reading section

You have 70 to 90 minutes to complete this section Before you begin the test, there is extra time to spend

on a tutorial that teaches you how to answer the different types of reading questions

QUESTION TYPES ON THE COMPUTER TEST

There are three types of questions in the Reading Comprehension section For each type of question, you

will use the mouse to click on one answer

Question Type 1 — Multiple Choice

In the first type of question, you will select one of four answer choices Approximately 60 percent of the

questions wili be of this type

For question typé 1, the computer screen will look like this:

of mountains The mountains of the Pacific

unbroken line from Guatemala to the middle Ú C) in mountainous regions

of Panama, provide the best combination of | C) in small countries

©) near the Pacific Ocean

climate, altitude, and soil

Guatemala was a relative latecomer to the commercial coffee business, exporting beans only since 1875 This mountainous country is ideally suited for coffee production, and its exports now surpass those of much larger countries European merchants still take about 50 percent of the Guatemalan beans,

| with most of the best beans today being

exported to England

Ệ Ệ Ị TSE

When you are satisfied that you have chosen the right answer, click on Next When you do this, the com-

puter will give you the next question

Question Type 2 — Click on a Word, Phrase, or Sentence

In the second type of question, you will click on a word, phrase, or sentence Sometimes you may be asked

to click on a whole paragraph

of mountains The mountains of the Pacific Cordillera, which stretch in a virtually unbroken line from Guatemala to the middle

of Panama, provide the best combination of

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Guatemala was a relative latecomer to the commercial coffee business, exporting

beans only since 1875 This mountainous

country is ideally suited for coffee production,

and its exports new surpass these of much

larger countries, European merchants still take

about 50 percent of the Guatemalan beans,

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exported to England

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The correct answer is found in the bold text in the passage

In this passage, those refers to exports You should use the mouse to click on exports

To answer this type of question, you can click on any part of the word or phrase in the bold text of the pas-

sage The word or phrase you have chosen will darken To change your answer, click on a different word or

phrase

When you are satisfied that you have chosen the right answer, click on Next Then, the computer will give

you the next question

KEADING

Question Type 3 — Add a Sentence

In the third type of question, you will click on a square to add a sentence to the passage

For question type 3, the computer screen will look like this:

lộ) The following sentence can be

The coffees of Central America profit

2] of Panama, provide the best combination of

‘4 climate, altitude, and soil

Hi Guatemala was a relative latecomer to

‘| beans only since 1875 Hl This mountainous country is ideally suited for coffee production, and its exports now surpass those of much larger countries, Hl European merchants still take about 50 percent of the Guatemalan beans, with most of the best beans today being exported to England,

Where would it best fit in the pas- sage? Click on the square [ Hf | to add the sentence to the passage

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Scroll the passage to see all of the

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In this passage, the sentence would best fit at the third square That paragraph should read:

Guatemala was a relative latecomer to the commercial coffee business, exporting beans only since 1875 This mountainous country is ideally suited for coffee production,

and its exports now surpass those of much larger countries Before World War II,

Germany bought more than half the annual Guatemalan coffee crop European

merchants still take about 50 percent of the Guatemalan beans, with most of the best

beans today being exported to England

When you click on a square, the sentence will appear in the passage at the place you have chosen To

change your answer, click on a different square The sentence will then appear at this new location The

sentence will be highlighted

When you are satisfied that you have chosen the right answer, click on Next Then, the computer will give

you the next question

the TOEFL deal with topics in the natural sciences, the social sciences, and history A smaller

number relate to culture and the arts Read as much as you can in these subject areas, particularly

from textbooks, magazines, and newspapers

&s Practice trying to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words from the way they are used in sentences

Use other words in the sentence, your understanding of the passage, and your knowledge of the

world as clues to the meanings of unfamiliar words

& Be familiar with the testing tools used on the computer test Practice using the mouse and the

scroll bar Practice reading from a computer screen and scrolling through a passage

Pace Yourself

& Work as quickly as you can Pay attention to the number of questions and the amount of time you

have during the test On the paper test, you have 55 minutes to read all of the passages and answer

50 questions This means you have only 10 or 11 minutes to spend on each passage and its ques-

tions

& You can leave questions unanswered on both the paper test and the computer test Later, you can

go back to answer, review, or change your answers to previous questions This is easier to do.on

the paper test because you can see and mark the questions On the computer test, you have to

remember which questions you skip because you are not allowed to write on anything

+ Eliminate answer choices you know are incorrect Then, if you are not sure of the correct answer,

guess!

&« Answer all questions about one passage before you move on to the next passage On the computer

test, although you are allowed to return to previous passages, this process takes a lot of time It is

better to finish each passage before going on

Begin by Skimming

®= On both the paper and computer tests, begin a passage by skimming it Skimming is reading quick-

ly for a general understanding of the meaning and organization Frequently the first question about

a passage asks about its topic or main idea

®\ Read the first one or two sentences in each paragraph to get an idea of its content Notice key

words and phrases that are repeated throughout the passage Read the last sentence in the last para-

graph

& ¢ On the computer test, you must use the scroll bar to skim the passages because most of them are

too long to fit on a single screen

READING

Identify What the Question Wants

“se Identify exactly what each question wants to know Does it ask about information that is men-

tioned in the passage? Or does it ask about something that is NOT in the passage? Does it ask you

to identify something the author stated, or does it ask you to make an inference based on some-

thing the author implied? Does it ask you about the meaning of a word or phrase?

Ome When you know what you are looking for, you can scan the passage to find the information you

need Scanning means looking for key words and phrases On the computer test, sometimes the

computer will tell you which paragraph to look in and will mark that paragraph with an arrow

&~¢ Think carefully about questions that ask you to make an inference or prediction based on what you

read, Eliminate answer choices that cannot be inferred from the information given in the passage

‘ne In questions about vocabulary, look for context clues in the passage Use your knowledge of sen-

tence structure, punctuation, and other words and ideas in the passage

Know the Tricks

&~« Be familiar with the various ways the answer choices try to trick you This book gives you prac-

tice in noticing some of the common tricks in the Reading section of the TOEFL

READING SKILLS ON THE TEST

Six reading skills are tested in the Reading Comprehension section of the TOEFL On the paper test, with a

total of 50 questions, these skills are distributed as shown below The computer test has a similar distribu-

tion of these skills, with the additional skill of recognizing coherence

READING SKILL APPROXIMATE NUMBER

Identifying the Topic and Main Ideas 4

Supporting Ideas

B42 Detta’s Key To THE TOEFL® Test