This chapter’s objectives are to: Describe the dimensions of positive individual behaviors and their impact on organizational performance; explain the characteristics of individual personalities and strength profiles; interpret how stress, deviance, and dysfunctional behavior manifest and negatively affect team and organizational performance;...
Trang 1SECOND EDITION
Chapter 14 Understanding
Trang 2§ Describe the dimensions of positive individual behaviors and their impact on organizational performance
§ Explain the characteristics of individual personalities and
strength profiles
§ Interpret how stress, deviance, and dysfunctional behavior
manifest and negatively affect team and organizational
performance
§ Design a plan for maximizing individual behavior to change
an organizational culture or performance positively
Learning Objectives
Trang 3§ Positive psychology
• Explores ways to help people recognize their
positive traits or strengths, rather than their
perceived weaknesses and failings
• Abundance – conscious pursuit of purposeful
possibilities that are sustainable and stable over
time
• In economically rough times, it is difficult to instill the message of positive psychology
How Individuals Make a Difference (p. 352)
Trang 4§ Stress – physiological and emotional reactions
experienced by individuals to excessive pressures or demands at work (p. 352)
• Consequences of stress
§ Negative affectivity – general dimension of personality where an individual experiences negative mood states
§ Lowers likelihood of making contributions to the organization
• Even under adverse conditions, managers must try to
promote positive affectivity (p. 353)
How Individuals Make a Difference (cont.)
Trang 5§ Selfawareness (p. 353)
• Ability to look objectively at a circumstance and make
subjective, principlebased judgment decisions
simultaneously
• In order to make judgments about others, one must be
keenly aware of one’s own behavior
• Involves focusing on external relationships
• Mangers who practice selfawareness are more likely to
receive feedback from others, listen to other perspectives, encourage communication, and treat others fairly
How Individuals Make a Difference (cont.)
Trang 6§ Purposeful thinking (p. 353)
• Involves continually seeking pathways for
possibilities and looking for opportunities to learn and grow
• Linked to selfawareness
§ Relationships of thoughtful candor
• Candor – quality of being open, frank, and sincere
in speech or expression
• Must hold oneself responsible first, then others
• Show gratitude for the acts of others
How Individuals Make a Difference (cont.)
Trang 7§ Challenging work (p. 354)
• Comprised of two types of tasks
§ Pleasureful tasks – provide an immediate feeling of joy and delight, with little effect on overall life satisfaction
§ Purposeful tasks – provide a sense of accomplishment that has lasting meaning
§ Moral courage
• Taking a position against something or someone even
though you know the outcome may be unpopular
• Involves taking risks
How Individuals Make a Difference (cont.)
Trang 8§ Joyful living (p. 354)
• Feelings and emotions defined by interest, passion, curiosity, contentment, enthusiasm, satisfaction
and quality of life
• A measurable culmination of the other dimensions
of abundance, providing the means for progress
and motivation
How Individuals Make a Difference (cont.)
Trang 9§ Power of perception and a positive approach (p. 354)
• Perception – process by which individuals select, interpret, and
organize information in the world around them
• Selective perception – process by which individuals accept information consistent with their values and beliefs, while screening out
information that is not aligned with their own needs
devoted to an organization or team (p. 355)
• Confidence – certainty about handling something that a person desires
or needs to do
How Individuals Make a Difference (cont.)
Trang 10§ Type A personality (p. 355)
oriented, impatient, determined, highly organized, competitive, and
aggressive
§ Type B personality
easygoing, and more sensitive to the feelings of others
§ Psychological contract
determines quality and satisfaction
How Individuals Make a Difference (cont.)
Trang 11§ Stereotyping
• Tendency to ascribe characteristics or attributes to a
particular group or individual unfairly
§ Attribution
• Ascribed quality or characteristic that is related to a
particular individual or situation
Personalities and Strengths (p. 356)
Trang 12§ “ Big Five” personality traits (p. 357)
• Five broad domains of human psychology
Personalities and Strengths (cont.)
Trang 13§ Attitudes (p. 357)
§ Individual differences
that uniquely distinguish each team member
§ Locus of control
and outcomes
§ Internal – one feels in control of own fate
§ External – one feels that fate, rather than the actions of an individual, controls outcomes in life
Personalities and Strengths (cont.)
Trang 14§ Authoritarianism (p. 358)
and legitimacy is required to produce superior results
§ Machiavellianism
manipulative behavior if it produces desirable results
take credit for their ideas, and rule with fear
Personalities and Strengths (cont.)
Trang 15§ Dysfunctional behavior
• Actions that show a lack of commitment, lack of trust, fear
of confrontation or conflicting opinions, a refusal to accept responsibility, and a tendency to focus on their own
individual needs ahead of the team and organization
§ Deviance
• Intentional behavior and attitudes that differ from or violate the accepted social norms
• Positive deviance – deviance that is honorable
Stress, Deviance, and Dysfunctional Behavior (p. 363)
Trang 16§ General adaptation syndrome (GAS ; p. 364)
• Physiological reactions to longterm stress that can be
grouped into three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
§ Citizenship
• Commitment to the overall functions of the team and
organizational culture in order to improve performance
Stress, Deviance, and Dysfunctional Behavior (cont.)
Trang 17§ Emotional intelligence (EI ; p. 366)
• Capacity to recognize and appreciate emotional responses
in one’s self and others
• EQ – managers who have insight into their own emotions and the feelings of others can inspire a higher quality of
work performance
awareness
§ Inducements
• Formal or informal agreements intended to entice positive
or desirable behaviors
Positive Deviance and Performance (p. 365)