This chapter’s objectives are to: Define leadership in a global context, distinguish among four basic types of leaders, demonstrate the progression of leadership thought and practice over time, appraise contemporary and emerging leadership perspectives.
Trang 3• Globalized companies affected by external forces that can significantly change management challenges
Managers as Leaders (p. 326)
Trang 4§ Positional power (p. 329)
• Legitimate power – influence that a manager has
because of his or her title inside an organization or status in a community
• Reward power – influential ability to affect a team member positively through resources, preferred
Trang 5Managers as Leaders (cont.)
Trang 6§ Directive leadership
• Involves providing specific, taskfocused directions, giving commands, assigning goals, close supervision, and constant followup
Trang 7• Actively encourages followers to take ownership of their
own behaviors and work processes
• “Leading others to lead themselves”
Types of Leaders (cont.)
Trang 8§ Trait perspective
• System of ideas that focuses on identifying effective
leaders through personal characteristics that are difficult to obtain or cannot be learned
• Great Man Leaders – persons born into positions of power and authority and seen by some as having divine right to
power (p. 333)
§ Males were the predominant leaders throughout history
§ Women are assuming more formal leadership roles throughout society
The Evolution of Leadership (p. 332)
Trang 9§ Traits of women leaders
The Evolution of Leadership (cont.)
Figure 13.1
Trang 10§ Major leadership traits
The Evolution of Leadership (cont.)
Figure 13.2
Trang 11§ Trait perspective (cont.)
• Emotional intelligence (EI) – four major
emotional factors drive leadership performance (p. 333)
Trang 14§ Managerial
Grid
The Evolution of Leadership (cont.)
Figure 13.3
Trang 15§ Contingency perspective (p. 336)
• Rejects the notion that there is one best way to lead
• Fiedler’s contingency theory – matches the most suitable leadership style with a particular business situation
Trang 16§ Fiedler’s contingency model
The Evolution of Leadership (cont.)
Figure 13.4
Trang 17Figure 13.5
Trang 18§ Contingency perspective (cont.)
• Situational leadership model (p. 338)
§ Directive behavior – enables the team to achieve goals through clear directions, planning tasks, organizing and prioritizing team member actions, and defining a foreseeable path to success
§ Supportive behavior – encourages positive interpersonal relationships and ensures that team members are comfortable with current circumstances
§ Employees’ competence and commitment to achieving a goal determine the appropriate emphasis on directive and supportive behaviors
The Evolution of Leadership (cont.)
Trang 21§ Pathgoal theory model
The Evolution of Leadership (cont.)
Figure 13.7
Trang 22§ Pathgoal theory motivation factors
The Evolution of Leadership (cont.)
Figure 13.8
Trang 23§ Pathgoal theory model
The Evolution of Leadership (cont.)
Trang 24• Pseudotransformational leaders – although effective, their primary aim and goals are to seek personal power and
wealth or cause harm to others
The Evolution of Leadership (cont.)
Trang 25§ Contemporary perspectives on leadership (cont.)
• Empowering leadership – encourages followers to take
greater responsibility for their behavior (p. 341)
§ Particularly appropriate in today’s dynamic and decentralized organizations
The Evolution of Leadership (cont.)
Empowerment
methods
Trang 26§ Contemporary perspectives on leadership
(cont.)
• Selfleadership – process through which people
influence themselves to achieve the selfdirection and selfmotivation necessary to perform (p. 342)
§ Behaviorfocused strategies
§ Natural reward strategies
§ Constructive thought strategies
The Evolution of Leadership (cont.)
Trang 27§ Servant leader
• Focuses on the needs, objectives, and aspirations of team members to help them achieve organizational goals