Vitamin and Colorant

Origin Natural colour isolated from the seeds of the annatto tree Bixa orellana.. • Water soluble annatto contains bixin, a carotenoid and the main colourant which may be interconvert

Vitamin and Colorant

E160b: Annatto, Bixin, Norbixin

SVTH: HOÀNG VĂN NHỊ MSSV: 46134333

I- Introduction

1 Origin

Natural colour isolated from the seeds of the annatto

tree (Bixa orellana ).

The scientific species name orellana is derived from

the name of Francisco de Orellana, a Spanish explorer of the 16.th century.

This shrub is native to South America, India, East Africa, the Caribbean and Philippines Brazil is the main exporter Today, annatto is also grown on the Philippines (introduced by the Spanish)

Analysis of annatto seeds indicates that they contain 40% to 45% cellulose, 3.5% to

5.5% sucrose, 0.3% to 0.9% essential oil, 3% fixed oil, 4.5% to 5.5% pigments, and 13% to 16% protein, as well as alpha- and beta-carotenoids and other constituents

I- Introduction

I- Introduction

An achiote blossom

Scientific classification

Bixa orellana

L.

Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Malvales Family: Bixaceae Genus: Bixa

Species: B orellana

2 Chemical structure

Bixin (9′Z-6,6 -diapocarotene-6,6 -dioate) ′ ′

C25H30O4

λ max = 509nm, 475nm, 443 nm

Norbixin YAnnatto: B, C, D, E, F, G

3 Properties

• Annatto is a vegetable dye that is peach in colour and may be used as a substitute for tartrazine Annatto may be water soluble or oil soluble

• Water soluble annatto contains bixin, a carotenoid and the main colourant which may

be interconverted by hydrolysis to norbixin

• Water soluble annatto contains sodium or potassium salts of norbixin as the major colourant

3 Properties

• Oil- and Water-Soluble Annatto Extracts :

- Oil-soluble Annatto Extracts diluted with acetone exhibit absorbance maxima at 439,

470, and 501 nm. 

- Water-soluble Annatto Extracts diluted with water exhibit absorbance maxima at 451 to

455 nm and 480 to 484 nm

4 Attributed Medicinal Properties

ANNATTO HERBAL PROPERTIES AND ACTIONS

Main Actions Other Actions Standard Dosage

· reduces acid · reduces inflammation Seed and Leaves

· kills bacteria · stops coughing Leaf Decoction: 1/2 cup

2-3

· fights free radicals · dries secretions/oils times daily

· kills parasites · cleanses blood Seed powder: 5-10 mg

twice daily

· kills germs · soothes membranes  

· increases urination · reduces phlegm  

· stimulates digestion · reduces fever  

· lowers blood pressure · raises blood sugar  

· mildly laxative · heals wounds  

· protects liver    

4 Attributed Medicinal Properties

ANNATTO (leaves) PLANT SUMMARY

Main Preparation Method: leaf infusion

Main Actions (in order):

antimicrobial, diuretic, digestive stimulant, hepatoprotective (liver

protector), hypocholesterolemic (lowers cholesterol)

Main Uses:

1 as a topical antiseptic for ear, eye, and skin infections

2 for digestive problems (heartburn, constipation, stomachache)

3 for prostate and urinary infections

4 for hypertension

5 for high cholesterol levels

Properties/Actions Documented by Research:

aldose reductase inhibitor (linked to diabetic complications), antibacterial,

antihemorrhagic (reduces bleeding), antivenin

Other Properties/Actions Documented by Traditional Use:

4 Attributed Medicinal Properties

ANNATTO (seeds) PLANT SUMMARY

Main Preparation Method: seed maceration or capsules

Main Actions (in order):

antioxidant, hepatoprotective (liver protector), insect repellant, diuretic,

hypocholesterolemic (lowers cholesterol)

Main Uses:

1 to tone, balance, and strengthen liver function and for hepatitis and liver

inflammation/pain

2 for high cholesterol

3 for skin care and skin anti-aging (for its antioxidant and ultraviolet ray

[UV]-protective effect)

4 as a strong diuretic

5 for high blood pressure

Properties/Actions Documented by Research:

antioxidant, hepatoprotective (liver protector), hyperglycemic; also used as

a food-coloring agent

Other Properties/Actions Documented by Traditional Use:

expectorant, hypocholesterolemic (lowers cholesterol), hypotensive (lowers blood pressure), insect repellant, wound healer

Cautions: It might raise blood sugar levels and may potentiate medications

used to treat hypertension

5 Application

• Soy Drinks

• Spirits

• Milk Drinks

• Ice Cream

• Margarine

• Cheese

• Yogurt

• Smoothies

• Sauces/Soups

• Snack Seasoning

• Batters/Breadings

• Breakfast Cereal

• Sausage Casing

• Meat Analogues

• Fats/Oils

Intake

Bixin intake (mg/day)

Annatto B, 80% bixin Annatto C, 70% bixin Annatto D, 10% bixin Annatto E, 25% bixin Annatto F, 35% bixin Annatto G, 15%

bixin Average intake

in European

Union

(mg/day)

Average intake

in the United

States

(mg/day)

95th percentile

in the United

Kingdom

(mg/day)

ADI (mg/kg bw

Assuming 20

kg bw

(mg/day)

Assuming 60

kg bw

(mg/day)

Comparison between the current levels of exposure

to bixin and ADIs for various annatto extracts

Typical average intakes of bixon/norbixin in the USA

The resulting estimate is about 0.63 mg/person per day, corresponding

to 16% of the current ADI

consumption (g/day)

Anticipated usual use (mg/kg)

Anticipated maximum use (mg/kg)

Intake (mg/

person per day)

Intake (mg/kg

bw per day) % of ADI

II- Production process

• Source: Seeds of life

Biezen, R.W van de

Doren, J.van

Ferguson, B.

Teeuw, J.

Woerd, Y.vander

‘t Atrium Amersfoort The Netherlands

16 February 2006

Extration of annatto using Ethanol

•Obtian pure clorant from seeds.

There seeds were therefore dried.

The amount of clorant may thus not be as high as it would be in fresh seeds.

• Method: Soxhlet

The extraction solvent used ethanol or alcohol, this would extract the non-polar version of the annatto colouring, bixin, from the seeds.

- Used: A filter size 603; 12.5 grams of Annatto seeds; 250 grams of Ethanol.

- Times: 14 hours

 After the process was completed the cycle was stopped and the Ethanol was collected.

Extration of annatto

using Ethanol

• Result:

2.3 grams of pure

annatto could be

obtained from 12.5

grams of annatto