Lecture 11 - Capacity Management and Planning. The contents of this chapter include all of the following: Capacity, capacity management, matching capacity and demand, capacity planning process, resource planning, inputs to capacity planning.
Trang 1Capacity Management and Planning
Books
• Introduction to Materials Management, Sixth Edition, J. R. Tony Arnold, P.E., CFPIM, CIRM, Fleming College, Emeritus, Stephen N. Chapman, Ph.D., CFPIM, North Carolina State University, Lloyd M. Clive, P.E., CFPIM, Fleming College
• Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, 11th Edition, by Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano, 2005, N.Y.: McGrawHill/Irwin.
• Operations Management, 11/E, Jay Heizer, Texas Lutheran University, Barry Render, Graduate School of Business, Rollins College, Prentice Hall
Trang 4– Controlling monitoring output, comparing it with the
plan, and taking corrective action
Trang 6• Resolve differences between available capacity and
required capacity.
Trang 7Modify capacity Use capacity
Short-range
planning
Schedule jobsSchedule personnel Allocate machinery
*
Long-range
planning Add facilitiesAdd long lead time equipment *
* Limited options exist
Trang 8• RP involves longrange capacity resource
requirements and is directly linked to production planning.
• RP involves changes in manpower, capital
equipment, product design, or other facilities that take a long time to acquire and eliminate.
• The production plan and RP set the limits and
levels for production.
Trang 9RCCP is the process to check the feasibility of the master
production schedule (MPS) (end items), provide warnings of any bottlenecks, ensure utilization of work centers, and
advise vendors of capacity requirements.
Trang 13• Routing file is the path that work follows from work
center to work center as it is completed. It should contain:
Trang 15• What is Capacity available?
– The capability of a system or resource to produce a quantity of output in a particular time period.
APICS Dictionary
Trang 17• Available time depends on the number of
machines, the number of workers, and the hours of operation. The number of hours a work center can
be used.
If a work center has three equivalent machines and works eight hours a day for five days a week, what is its weekly available time?
Available time = 3 x 8 x 5 = 120 hours per week
Trang 18Utilization = Hours actually worked
Utilization = 100
Trang 19operator working at a normal pace to do the job using the proscribed method.
Efficiency
Trang 20• Efficiency is a measure (as a percentage) of the actual
output compared with the standard expected output.
What is the efficiency if a work center is used 100 hours per week and produces 120 standard hours of work?
Efficiency = 120
Trang 21A work center produces 90 standard hours of work in one week. The hours available are 80, and 70 are actually
worked. Calculate the utilization and efficiency of the work center.
x 70
90
= Efficiency
Trang 22Rated capacity = 120 x 0.75 x 1.10 = 99 standard hours
Trang 23A work center consists of six machines that are available 16 hours per day for five days a week. Utilization is 80%, and efficiency is 120%. What is the rated weekly capacity?
Trang 24Available time = 6 x 16 x 5
= 480 hours per week Rated capacity = 480 x 0.80 x 1.20
= 460.8 standard hours
Trang 27Total standard time = setup time + run time
= 1.5 + (150 x 0.2) = 31.5 std. hrs.
Trang 29• Back Scheduling is to start with the due date and, using the lead times, to work back to find the start date for each operation.
Trang 31þ Design capacity is the maximum
theoretical output of a system
þ Normally expressed as a rate
þ Effective capacity is the capacity a firm
expects to achieve given current
operating constraints
þ Often lower than design capacity
Trang 41þCapacity decisions impact all 10
decisions of operations management
as well as other functional areas of the organization
þCapacity decisions must be integrated
into the organization’s mission and strategy
Trang 43Economies
of scale Diseconomies of scale
25 - room roadside motel 50 - room
roadside motel
75 - room roadside motel
Trang 45End of Lecture 11