Lecture 5 - Master product scheduling. After production planning, the next step in the manufacturing planning and control process is to prepare a master production schedule. This chapter examines some basic considerations in making and managing an MPS. It is an extremely important planning tool and forms the basis for communication between sales and manufacturing.
Trang 1Master Product Scheduling
Books
• Introduction to Materials Management, Sixth Edition, J. R. Tony Arnold, P.E., CFPIM, CIRM, Fleming College, Emeritus, Stephen N. Chapman, Ph.D., CFPIM, North Carolina State University, Lloyd M. Clive, P.E., CFPIM, Fleming College
• Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, 11th Edition, by Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano, 2005, N.Y.: McGrawHill/Irwin.
Trang 2• Master product scheduling
• Round cut capacity planning
• Planning horizons
Trang 4• The master production schedule is a vital link between sales and production
– It makes possible valid order promises
– It represents a contract between sales and
production
Trang 7• Make a preliminary MPS
• Perform roughcut capacity planning
• Resolve differences
Trang 8• Roughcut capacity planning checks whether critical resources are available to support the preliminary
master schedule
• A resource bill shows the time required for individual items on a critical resource
• What are some possible critical resources?
Trang 9• The third step in developing an MPS is to resolve any
differences between the priority plan and available capacity. Available capacity must be equal to or greater than required capacity
Trang 10• The master production schedule must be judged by three criteria
– Resources use. Is the MPS within capacity restraints in
each period of the plan? Does it make the best use of resources?
– Customer service. Will due dates be met and will
delivery performances be acceptable?
– Cost. Is the plan economical, or will excess cost be
incurred for overtime, subcontracting, expediting, or transportation?
Trang 11• An MPS is not a sales forecast, it is instead a forecast of production. It may not necessarily
Trang 12• As orders are received, they “consume” available production and inventory
• Any part not consumed is availabletopromise
Customer Orders
Promise Time
Trang 13• AvailabletoPromise is
– the uncommitted portion of a company’s inventory
and planned production, maintained in the master schedule to support customer order promising. The ATP quantity is the uncommitted inventory balance
in the first period and is normally calculated for each period in which an MPS receipt is scheduled
APICS Dictionary, 8th edition
Trang 14• The ATP calculation assumes that the entire ATP will be sold before the next scheduled receipt.
When calculating ATP, consider all orders until the next scheduled receipt.
ATP for period 1 = on hand customer orders due before next MPS scheduled receipt
ATP for periods 2, 4, and 6 = MPS scheduled
receipt customer orders due before next MPS
scheduled receipt
Trang 19The planning horizon is defined as
the amount of time the master schedule extends into the
future. This is normally set to cover a minimum of cumulative lead time plus time for lot sizing low
level components and for capacity changes of primary work centers or of key suppliers
APICS Dictionary, 8th edition
Trang 20✦ What is the minimum planning
horizon in this example?
= 16 weeks
Trang 21Actual and Forecast
(Trade-offs)
Forecast Only (Changes constrained
PlanningTimeFence
Trang 22Master Production Scheduling (MPS)
Trang 23• Determine the quantity and timing of completion of end items over a shortrange planning horizon
• Schedule end items (finished goods and parts shipped
as end items) to be completed promptly and when
promised to the customer
• Avoid overloading or underloading the production facility so that production capacity is efficiently
utilized and low production costs result.
Trang 2424 weeks
46 weeks
6+ weeks
Time Fences
Trang 25• The rules for scheduling:
– Do not change orders in the frozen zone
– Do not exceed the agreed on percentage changes when modifying orders in the other zones
– Try to level load as much as possible
– Do not exceed the capacity of the system when
promising orders
– If an order must be pulled into level load, pull it into the earliest possible week without missing the promise
Trang 26• . . more
Trang 27• Schedulers must:
– estimate the total demand for products from all sources
– assign orders to production slots
– make delivery promises to customers, and
– make the detailed calculations for the MPS
Trang 28Arizona Instruments produces bar code scanners for consumers and other manufacturers on a producetostock basis. The production planner is developing an
MPS for scanners for the next 6 weeks
The minimum lot size is 1,500 scanners, and the safety stock level is 400 scanners. There are currently 1,120 scanners in inventory. The estimates of demand for scanners in the next 6 weeks are shown on the next slide
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Trang 300 50 300 1000
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Trang 32• As orders are slotted in the MPS, the effects on the production work centers are checked
• Rough cut capacity planning identifies underloading
or overloading of capacity
Trang 33Texprint Company makes a line of computer printers on a producetostock basis for other computer manufacturers. Each printer requires an average of 24 laborhours. The plant uses a backlog of orders to allow
Trang 34UNDER or OVER LOAD 2600 200 200 1000 1720 280
Trang 35• RoughCut Capacity Analysis
– The plant is underloaded in the first 3 weeks
(primarily week 1) and it is overloaded in the last 2 weeks of the schedule
– Some of the production scheduled for week 4 and 5 should be moved to week 1
Trang 36• Review customer orders and promise shipment of orders as close to request date as possible
• Planning horizon must be as long as the longest lead time item
Trang 37End of Lecture 5