* Have to + infinitive: for a necessity/ a force to do something not as strong as MUST, used in the PRESENT or FUTURE TENSE not in the PAST MUST is used instead o I have to finish my hom
Trang 1TABLE OF CONTENTS Unit 1 – REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Unit 2 – ‘TOO’ & ‘ENOUGH’
Unit 3 – COMMON STRUCTURES (1)
Unit 4 – COMMON STRUCTURES (2)
Unit 5 – PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Unit 6 – PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Unit 7 – PAST PERFECT & CONTINUOUS
Unit 8 – GERUND AND INFINITIVE
Unit 9 – CAUSATIVE VERBS
Unit 10 – PASSIVE VOICE
Unit 11 – CLAUSES OF CONCESSION & REASONS Unit 12 – SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT
Unit 13 – REPORTED SPEECH – STATEMENT
Unit 14 – REPORTED SPEECH – QUESTIONS
Unit 15 – REPORTED SPEECH – COMAND
TESTS FOR REVIEW
Trang 2UNIT 1 - REFEXIVE PRONOUNS
1 Reflexive pronouns
Subject pronouns Reflexive pronouns
IWeYouYouTheyHeShe It
myselfourselvesyourselfyourselvesthemselveshimselfherselfitself
Some common Reflexive Verbs:
burn, cut, hurt, kill, amuse, enjoy, behave, educate, teach, think ….
o He doesn’t have a piano teacher He teaches himself
o The children enjoyed themselves very much
o Did you hurt yourself?
2 Must, have to, ought to
* Must + bare infinitive: for a necessity/ a force to do something
o We haven’t got much time We must hurry.
o You must buy a ticket before you fly.
* Have to + infinitive: for a necessity/ a force to do something (not as strong as MUST), used in the PRESENT or FUTURE TENSE not in the PAST (MUST is used instead)
o I have to finish my homework today I’m going to have a test tomorrow.
o He has to arrive two hours before leaving.
* Ought to + infinitive: for a strong advice
o Children ought to respect their parents.
o You ought to apologize to her.
o You ought to study harder for you next exam.
o We ought to be leaving now
3 Why - because
Why = interrogative adverb: used to ask for purposes.
Because = conjunction: used to answer for WHY.
o Why does she look so sad?
Because she has got a bad news
Trang 3I Put the correct reflexive pronouns or emphasizing pronouns in the blanks.
1 Babies cannot look after themselves Their mothers must look after them
2 A cat washes _ with its tongue
3 We must not be selfish and think only about _
4 Mary taught _to ride a bicycle
5 Do you always tell the truth? Ask _ this question
6 Many people like to travel, but I _ prefer to stay at home
7 The garden round the house is very large, but the house _ very small
8 All my friends had a holiday last year, but I _ was too busy
9 He cut when he was preparing the meal yesterday
10 You put the spider on my shoulder, didn’t you?
11 Every morning I wash _ and clean my teeth
12 Jane is a baby, she is too small to eat by
13 Peter is lazy He always copies his friend’s homework and never does it by
14 The children can decorate the Christmas tree by _
15 He broke the window glass, not anyone else
II Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences
1 I will can go to the meeting tomorrow
Trang 47 You mustn’t standing up and walk around the classroom while teacher is teaching.
………
8 Can you please to open the door?
………
III Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions
Vietnam’s New Year is celebrated according to the Lunar calendar It’s officially known asTet Nguyen Dan, or Tet It begins between January twenty-first and February nineteen Theexact date changes from year to year Vietnamese people usually make preparations for theholiday several weeks beforehand They tidy their houses, cook special food, clean and makeofferings on the family altars On the New Year’s Eve, people sit up to midnight to see theNew Year in, then they put on new clothes and give one another the greetings of the season.Tet lasts ten days The first three days are the most important Vietnamese people believethat how people act during those days will influence the whole year As result, they makeevery effort to avoid arguments and smile as much as possible
Answer the following questions:
26 What do Vietnamese people usually do to prepare for Tet?
Trang 5V Choose the correct completion
1 Last year I one meter and 50
2 _you open your mouth, please?
3 The Doctor _ you in a few minutes
4 Were you absent _class last week?
5. you do, your cold will last for a few days and then disappear
6 You clean your teeth after every meal
7 I _my homework now
8 I she is a very nice person
9 The nurse told Lan _back to the waiting room
10 heavy are you?
11 The father is very ………… of his daughter
12 Hurry up or we’ll…………the bus
13 I’m locked in I ………… get out
14 I’ll come back to see you before I ……… for America
A leave B will leave C have left D shall leave
15 I must……….the report tonight
A finishing B have finished C finish D to finish
16 I enjoy ………… to the park on summer evenings
Trang 6A to go B going C being gone D go
17 Can you ……… me how to play the game?
18 ………do you eat out?- Sometimes
A How many B How often C How far D How much
19 Fred can speak Japanese well…………
A so can Jim B so does Jim C Jim does, too D Jim can’t, either
20 “Why are you buying all that food?”
“……… a lot of people are coming for dinner.”
A although B because of C because D despite
VI Answer the questions using your own information
1 What do you have to do tomorrow?
Trang 7He is very lazy He cannot pass the exam.
He is too lazy to pass the exam.
Trang 82 Different subjects
Subject + verb + too + adj / adverb + for noun/pronoun + to + V
The book is very thick I can’t finish reading it today.
The book is too thick for me to finish reading today.
He drives so carelessly We can’t go with him
He drives too carelessly for us to go with him
Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences, using “too…….to”:
1 You are very young You can’t have the front door key
S + v + adj / adv + enough to + v
She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter
Trang 9S + v + adj/ adv + enough+ for noun/ pronoun to + v
The test is easy for the students to do.
He speak English clearly enough for us to understand.
Are those French fries crisp enough for you?
Adjecitve
Note: ‘ENOUGH’ with nouns
When modifying a noun, ENOUGH precedes the noun
Trang 10John is tall enough to reach the top of the board.
1 The grammar lesson is easy All of us can understand it
Mixed exercises of TOO and ENOUGH
I Fill in the correct word (too or enough).
1 I left the coffee for a minute to cool because it was hot to drink
2 He wasn't strong to lift that heavy box
3 There aren’t policemen in our town
4 Do you have information to help me with this problem?
5 It is _ difficult to do for a little child
6 I do not have _ much time to prepare dinner
7 I didn't buy the car because it was _ expensive
8 He didn't work hard to pass the exam
9 My mum can't sleep because she drinks _ much coffee
10 She isn't old to start driving
11 Is there bones in the fridge to feed two hundred dogs?
12 Susan is strong to carry these heavy bags
13 I can’t go to the disco because I’m busy doing my new website
14 Philip isn’t brave to kill a hen
15 Beata is absent-minded to remember about everything
16 I’ve got time to finish this exercise
17 Didn’t you prepare many sandwiches?
18 This soup is salty
19 Nicole used much pepper
20 My meal is warm
21 Paul has got money to buy Lamborghini
22 She bought many flowers last week
23 Pauline’s horse is slow to win that race
24 You’ve told Go to your room and think it over
25 My boyfriend is intelligent to pass all the tests
26 We’ve painted rooms today Now we can go home
27 He’s young to play this computer game
Trang 1128 Dave is tall to reach that shelf.
29 The weather isn’t hot today
30 They aren’t responsible to look after small babies
II Complete with TOO or ENOUGH and the adjective in brackets:
1 Peter is to become a police officer He's only 1.65 cm tall (short)
2 I'd like to buy a new car and a good house, but I'm just not _ to do it (rich)
3 My school is from my house to go on foot So, I cycle to school every morning (far)
4 Kelly is _ to drive a car She's only 14 (young)
5 That skirt you are wearing is for you You need a bigger size (tight)
6 David is quite a fast runner, but he isn’t _ to beat the Italian runner, who is considered to be the best (fast)
7 I'm a good swimmer, but I'm not _ to enter a championship (good)
8 The beach was _ yesterday, so we decided to go somewhere else (crowded)
9 We wanted to go to Paris last weekend, but the plane tickets were _, so we stayed at home (expensive)
10 This T-shirt isn’t for me I need a bigger one (big)
11 We didn't buy the sofa because it wasn’t (comfortable)
12 The students are to study the irregular verbs list by heart (lazy)
13 The soup isn’t I'd like it to be hotter (hot)
14 Don't eat that chicken! It’s _ (salty)
15 The music is and I can't hear anything you say (loud)
III Complete with TOO, ENOUGH, SO or SUCH for the following sentences:
1 Gisell’s _ good she could be a professional
2 She plays well (that) she could be a professional
3 There were _ footballs (that) I didn't know which one to choose
4 They speak English clearly _ for us to understand
5 Mozart is _ a good player!
6 They are _ good students!
7 It's _ hot today for us to go to the beach
8 She is _ intelligent that she can answer all of your questions
9 They are lazy students that they never do their homework
10 The room is _ dark for us to study in
11 Our teacher gives us much homework
12 You are good a girl that a lot of people admire you
13 This is a difficult situation that we can’t solve it now
14 He is short to be a basketball player
15 It wasn’t warm _ for us to go swimming
IV Rewrite the sentences as requested
1 The weather was so cold that we couldn’t go swimming
The weather was too _
2 Those were such difficult assignments that we couldn’t finish them on time
Those assignments were too _
3 We had such wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return
Trang 12The memories were so .
4 The book is great enough for me to have read it twice
It was such _
5 We had so good a time at the party that we hated to leave
We had such
6 Jane looked so sick that she couldn’t go to school
Jane looked too
7 The sun shone so brightly that Maria had to put on her sunglasses
The sun shone brightly enough
8 He worked so carefully that he couldn’t complete the project on time
He worked too _
9 There was such a long queue that we couldn’t get into the cinema on time
The queue was too
10 It was so wonderful a book that we really want to meet its author
The book was wonderful enough
11 Finding jobs is so difficult that a lot of graduates are unemployed
Finding jobs is difficult enough _
12 It is such a bright color that I like to use it in all my paintings
The color is bright enough _
UNIT 3: OTHER COMMON STRUCTURES (1)
1 It + be + time + S + V PI / It’s + time +for someone + to do
Ex 1: It is time you had a shower
Ex 2: It’s time for me to ask all of you for this question
2 It + takes/took + someone + amount of time + to do something
Ex 1: It takes me 5 minutes to get to school
Ex 2: It took him 10 minutes to do this exercise yesterday
3 S + find + it + adj to do something
Ex 1: I find it very difficult to learn about English
Ex 2: They found it easy to overcome that problem
4 There is no st left = We have run out of st
Ex: There is no milk left in the fridge
Ex: We have run out of milk
5 It + be + something/ someone + that/ who
Ex: It is he who has told me about your secret
Ex: It is Mary who is keeping your dictionary
6 If sb/st + hadn’t been… = but for + N
If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have finished that work perfectly
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished that work perfectly
7 Be essential + that + S + V0 = need + toV
Trang 13Ex: It is essential that he finish his work on time.
Ex: He needs to finish his work on time
8 It is pointless/no point in + toV = It is not worth + V-ing
9 S + insist on + V-ing
S + insist on + O + V-ing
10 S + Probably + V = It’s likely that + Clause
11 Find it hard toV = have difficulty in V-ing
12 To be/ seem/ sound/ became/ feel/ appear/ look/ go/ turn/ grow + adj
13 Would rather sb+V2
Ex: I would rather you didn’t smoke
14 Would rather + V (infinitive) + than + V (infinitive)
Ex 1: She would play games than read books
Ex 2: I’d rather learn English than learn Biology
15 Have/has to V = be supposed / required/expect to V
16 To spend + amount of time/ money + V-ing
Exercises
I Circle the best answer.
1 It me an hour to do my homework everyday
2 She finds it _ to learn listening skill
a difficulty b difficult c difficultly d ease
3 It’s time we _ home
4 They ran out energy so they couldn’t do anything
5 It is who hurts me
6 But for his , he couldn’t have passed the exam
7 It is not worth a day at the conference
8 you like a cup of tea? Yes, please
a Could b Do c Would d Will
9 My brother is studying very
a hardly b hard c good d harder
10 Would you cleaning the floor for me?
a like b please c mind d rather
11 It is difficult all these things
a to remember b remembering c remember d remembered
Trang 1412 Motorbikes in China are cheap.
a make b made c makes d making
13 you mind if I smoked?
a Could b Don’t c Do d Would
14 John is interested the history of Vietnam
a in b with c to d on
15 Milk bottles can be after being cleaned
a recycle b thrown away c broken d refilled
16 She insists not liking video games
17 He would rather play the piano _ draw
18 I would rather that she _ do that
19 He has difficulty _ English
a to speak b in speak c in speaking d speaking
20 He spent all day the room
21 you show me the way to the nearest post office, please?
a Can b Could c Do d Both A & B are correct 21.Ba loves watching football, he doesn’t like playing it
a and b but c so d because
22 I enjoyed listening the radio when I was a child
25 Can we at your house and go to the party together?
a meet b come c see d find
II Find the mistake.
1 She spent two hours talk on the phone _
2 I find it interesting to watching horror films _
3 It is time for you to finishing your work _
4 It is not worth to follow your advice _
5 It is pointless saying these words to him
_
6 He always insists of helping me with my homework _
9 They prefer watching TV than talking with friends _
Trang 1510 My father would rather I don’t talk too much _
11 I would rather stay here with you to go home alone _
12 We find it interesting of study English at this center _
13 They have difficulty to expressing their ideas in English _
16 They ran out of tea so they didn’t have tea in breakfast this morning _
17 But for she help, I couldn’t have finished my homework _
18 It took them two days doing the gardening _
19 He spent all the morning to clean up his bedroom _
20 Lan has probable changed her address _
III Rewrite the following sentences.
1 She took 2 hours to do the house work
It took
2 Learning English is too difficult to her
She finds it
3 It is time for you to answer all of the questions
It’s time you _
4 They ran out of tea so they didn’t have tea in breakfast this morning
10 I wish that you understood what I am saying
I would rather that
11 He finds it hard to solve this problem
Trang 161.Would you mind turning off the television? a You should ease the pain with
ice or cold water packs
2 Can I help you with your luggage? b No problem
3 What should I do if I have the burn? c All vegetables matter
4 Do you mind if I open the window? d Nha Rong Harbor
5 Where have you work since 2005? e Yes, I’d love to
6 What type of garbage can you put in the compost? f Thank you Please
7 Where did President Ho Chi Minh leave Viet Nam in
V Read the passage carefully and decide the following sentences true or false.
Ha Long Bay is popular with both Vietnamese and international tourists It was recognized
by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site One of the attractions of Ha Long is the Bay’s calmwater with limestone mountains The Bay’s water is clear during the Spring and earlysummer There are many magnificent caves and quiet sand beaches In Ha Long City, thereare many hotels and mini-hotels The guest houses are cheap The people are very friendlyand hospitable
Trang 17VI Write some sentences using the words given.
1 They/ learn English/ four years/
Trang 18UNIT 4: OTHER COMMON STRUCTURES (2)
Ex1: The police prevent us from getting nearer
Ex 1: I prefer dog to cat
Ex 2: I prefer reading books to watching TV
Ex 1: I am used to eating with chopsticks
Ex 1: I used to go fishing with my friend when I was young
Ex 2: She used to smoke 10 cigarettes a day
21 feel like + V-ing
22 expect someone to do something
23 advise someone to do something
25 leave someone alone
Trang 1926 to be crowded with
30 could hardly: hầu như không ( chú ý: hard khác hardly)
32 V-ed and V-ing as adjectives
Ex 1: That film is boring
Ex 2: He is bored
Ex 3: He is an interesting man
Ex 4: That book is an interesting one
34 Make use of + N/ V-ing: tận dụng cái gì đó
35 Get + adj/ V-pII/so=therefore: bởi vậy, cho nên, vì thế.
37 Bring about: mang lại.
38 Be accused of V-ing: bị buộc tội
39 At the end of và In the end (cuối cái gì đó và kết cục)
41 Go for a walk/drive: đi dạo /đi xe; go on holiday/picnic: đi nghỉ
42 Don’t accept = turned down: từ chối
43 In favor of: ủng hộ cho
44 Live on: sống nhờ vào
45 To be fined for: bị phạt về
47 In case + mệnh đề: trong trường hợp
48 On behalf of: thay mặt cho
EXERCISES
I Choose the best words by circling the letter a, b, c or d.
1 Would you mind If I a photo?
Trang 20a take b took c will take d have taken
2 I asked Hoa whether she Hoi An
3 Thanks for me to the rice cooking festival
4 I make a fire by rubbing pieces of together
5 It is difficult her address
6 They had to the rice from the husk
7 Did you see a boy a water buffalo?
8 They each other for a long time
9 He was very surprised seeing you here in Bien Hoa
13 Last year, he _ in hue, but now he lives in Hanoi
14 It’s easy _ your telephone number
15 The sun _ in the east and sets in the west
16 When she was young, my grandmother _ go to school on foot
17 We often have dinner _ 7 pm at home
18 Festival attract a lot of people to _
a take part in b take in part c part take in d in take part
19 What films _ you _ on TV last weekend? – Titanic
20 I am in Da Lat now I’ll see you _Wednesday
21 In the _, a fire was made in the traditional way
a cooking-rice b rice-cooking c cook-ricing d ricing-cook
Trang 2122 I _ when you phoned me last night
23 Last week I was fined _ breaking the traffic law
26 The film was so _ that we saw it twice last week
27 It was a really _ day to me because I had to do a lot of work
28 In western countries, children don’t live _ their parents when they are up to 18
II Choose the one word or phrase that would not be appropriate.
1 Would you mind if I sit here ? - No, of course not.
III Choose the sentence (A,B,C or D) that is written most correctly
1 My mother/ show/ where/ buy/ groceries.
A My mother showed me where buy groceries
B My mother showed me where buying groceries
C My mother showed me where bought groceries
D My mother showed me where to buy groceries
Trang 222 I/ delighted/ daughter/ pass/ English exam.
A I am delighted that my daughter passed the English exam
B I delighted that my daughter passed the English exam
C I am delighted how my daughter passed the English exam
D I am delighted where my daughter passed the English exam
3 Can I borrow your dictionary?
A Do you mind if I borrow your dictionary?
B Would you mind if I borrow your dictionary?
C Do you mind borrowing your dictionary?
D Would you mind borrowing your dictionary?
4 John said,” I certainly hope it won’t rain tomorrow”
A John said he certainly hope it wouldn’t rain the next day
B John said he certainly hoped it wouldn’t rain tomorrow
C John said he certainly hoped it wouldn’t rain the day before
D John said he certainly hoped it wouldn’t rain the next day
IV Choose the best answer to complet the passes.
RECYCLING FACTS
In the USA, millions of old car tires are (1) every year But tires can be(2) to make pipes and floor coverings Nowadays, many people wear shoes andsandals made from old car tires In Britain, the milkman brings bottles of milk to housesand collects the empty ones The empty bottles are then (3) and refilled Everymilk bottle can (4) thirty times People throw (5) _billions of cansevery year all over the world In Oregon, the government made a new law several yearsago They said that there must be a deposit on all drink cans The (6) _isreturned when people bring the (7) _back for (8)
1 A throw away B threw away C thrown D thrown away
2 A recycling B to recycle C recycled D recycle
4 A be reuse B are reused C be reused D be recycled
6 A deposit B law C drink cans D money & deposit
V Put the correct verb forms of the verb in brackets (1pt)
1. "Do you mind if I sit here?" - "I'd rather you (sit) over there."
2 There (be) no rain here for 6 months
3 He spoke to me as if he (be) my father
4 By the time we (stop) , we had driven six hundred miles
5 The price (become) more and more expensive these days
6 Pupils are made (work) hard at this school
7 It’s ten years since I last (see) her
8 Don’t forget (lock) the door before going to bed
Trang 239 The pens (produce) by Thien Long Company are usually cheap and good.
10 The film (begin) at 7.30 or 8.00?
VI Fill the blanks with the right form of the CAPITAL words provided in the right column (1pt)
1 Their children have quite _ characters DIFFERENCE
2 What is the correct of this word? PRONOUNCE
3 He didn’t win the championship, so he felt very _ HOPE
4 She is one of the greatest _ to appear in this theater PERFORM
5 My house is on the top of a hill It’s very there in the fall WIND
6 It is _ to eat too much sugar and fatty food HEALTH
7 Many rural areas in Viet Nam have been in the last few years URBAN
8 Bell demonstrated his invention SUCCESS
9 Every day, there are two _ from Da Nang to Ho Chi Minh city FLY
10 There are a lot of _ in the competition CONTEST
VII Choose the underlined words or phrases that are not corect in standard written English Find and correct it (2pts)
1 Lan seemed happily when she received her aunt’s letter
Thank / you / much / present / sent / me It / be / nice I / like / much I / wore /it / my
birthday I / be / sorry / you / not / my birthday party / there You / be / free / next Sunday? You / go / the concert / me I / have / two/ tickets We / meet / each other / 6 p.m / ok?
I / hope / you / come
I / love / see / you
Trang 24Yours,
Dear…….,
_
UNIT 5: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Trang 25I have seen him on television
2 An action that has happened recently (with the adverbs: recently, just, lately )
She has just gone out
3 An action that began in the past and continues in the present (use with ‘for’ or ‘since’)
She has taught at NBK school for 5 years
4 Repetition of an action before now.
They have been to the Olympics several times
Other adverbs used in this tense: already, never, ever, so far, yet, until now,
EXERCISES
I Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect tense and fill the spaces with auxiliaries.
1 I _ (read) this book several times.
2 She _ (wear) that skirt many times.
3 My family (visit) Brazil a few times.
4 I _ (prepare) for my presentation already
5 Marta (not, finish) her design project yet.
6 You (paint) this painting this week.
7 They _ (take part) in the statue exhibition twice this year.
8 It (never snow) like that.
9 I (meet) Anna once.
10 The students _ (improve) a lot this semester.
11 Would you like some coffee? I (just /make) _ some
12 Mary (water) _the tomatoes?
Yes, I think she _
13 Someone (take) _ my bicycle
14 How long you (know) _ Mr Pitt?
15 Someone (wind) _ the clock?
II Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the simple past tense
1 He (go) _ out ten minutes ago
2 The play just (begin) _ You are a little late
3 The newspaper (come) _?~
Yes, Ann is reading it
Trang 264 You (be) _ here before? ~
Yes, I (spend) _ my holidays here last year
You (have) _ a good time?~
No, it never (stop) _ raining
5 It (be) _ very cold this year I wonder when it is going to get warmer
6 I can’t go out because I (not finish) _ my work
7 I (never /drink) _ whisky ~
Well, I have some now
8 I (visit) _ Ha Long Bay twice already
9 Here are your shoes I (just /clean) _ them
10 He (live) _ in London for two years and then (go) _ toEdinburgh
11 I (lose) _ my black gloves You (see) _ them anywhere?
No, I’m afraid I _ When you last (wear) _ them?
I (wear) _ them at the theatre last night
12 Do you know that lady who (just /leave) _ the shop?~
Yes, that is Miss Thrift Is she a customer of yours?
13 Not exactly She (be) _ in here several times but she (never /buy) _ anything
14 My dad (buy) _ a landscape yesterday
15 We (never, visit) _ another country before
16 How long _ you (study) _ at this college?
17 They (finish) _ the final exam two weeks ago
18 When Tom (defend) his graduation project?
19 I’m sorry, teacher but I (not, finish) my assignment yet
20 She (just, meet) us a few minutes ago
21 your parents (ever, go) _ to Paris? – Twice already
22 We (go) to that design company on our practical trip last month
22 He (never, paint) abstract paintings before
III Finish each of the following sentences so that it has the same meaning as the first
1 I started studying English five years ago
I have
2 My sister has studied at this university for 3 years
Trang 27IV Finish the following sentences using suggested words.
1 Jane / have / take / photographs / for / 3 hours
Mrs Rose Willow, a ……… (4) nearly 80 years old, and living alone in hercottage, was trapped upstairs ……… (5) three hours Finally, firemen were able torescue her with ladders and a small ……… (6) “My cat, Tibbles, stayed with me allthe time”, said Mrs Willow “She ……… (7) me a lot She sat with me so I didn’t feelafraid”
The rain has finally stopped, the river level is falling and the weather forecast is good,
……… (8) the floods have done a great deal of damage “Luckily, nobody was ……
Trang 28(9) or injured”, Chief Fire Office Hawkins …… (10) reporters, “but it will take along time to clear up the mess”.
VI Rewrite the following sentences using the words provided in such a way that they mean the same as the original sentences
1 Couldn’t you find a better hotel?
4 The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it
The coffee is too
5 Somebody repaired his car yesterday
Trang 29Ha Long – Bay of the Descending Dragon – is very (25) with both Vietnameseand (26) tourists One of the (27) of Ha Long is the Bay’s (28) water andlimestone mountains The Bay’s water is clear (29) the spring and early summer Uponarriving (30) Ha Long City, visitors will go along to Chay Beach From the beach,visitors can hire (31) and go out to the Bay It is here that visitors will find some ofSoutheast Asia’s most (32) sites Dau Go Cave is one of the most beautiful (33)
at Ha Long It was the cave in which General Tran Hung Dao hid (34) stakes to beatthe Mongols on Bach Dang River in 1288
2 A nation B nationality C international D national
8 A beautiful B beautifully C beautifulness D beauty
VIII Write about the subject you like/ don’t like about? Why? (120 words)
Trang 30
I Form:
S + have/has + been + V-ing
S + haven’t/hasn’t + been + V-ingHave/Has + S + been + V-ing?
II Usage:
1 Expressing the duration of an action that began in the past and continues in the present ( with ‘for’, ‘since’, ‘all morning’, ‘all day’)
John has been swimming for two hours
2 A general action in progress recently for which no specific time is mentioned.
I have been thinking about competing next year
3 An action that began in the past and has just recently ended.
Have you been crying? Your eyes are red
The present perfect and the present perfect continuous
Present perfect:
- For recent actions when the time is
not known or of little interest:
Present perfect continuous:
x
Trang 31Have you had breakfast?
No, I haven’t had it yet.
- For a recent action, the result of
which still exists in the present:
Tom has had a bad car crash.
- For an action beginning in the past
and still going on:
They have learnt English for five
I Choose the correct form: have or has and since or for.
1 Ann _ been learning English five years
2 She been wearing that skirt yesterday.
3 My friends been living here 2011
4 I been waiting for you 2 hours
5 They _ been travelling around Asia 2 months
6 Jenny _ been working on her project _ last Monday
7 We been sitting in the class _ 8 o’clock
8 How long _ Tom been reading that book?
9 The students _ been trying very hard the beginning of this semester
10 My brother been living in the US _ last year
II Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect continuous tense.
1 I (make) _ cake That’s why my hands are all covered with flour
2 Her phone (ring) _ for ten minutes I wonder why she doesn’t answer it
3 He (overwork) _ That is why he looks so tired
4 There is saw dust in your hair.~
I’m not surprised I (cut) _ down a tree
Trang 325 How long you (wait) _ for me?~
I (wait) _ about half an hour
6 It (rain) _ for two days now There’ll be a flood soon
7 The radio (play) _ since 7 a.m I wish someone would turn it off
III Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfectcontinuous tense.
1 I (sleep) _ on every bed in this house and I don’t like any of them
2 The students (work) _ very well this term
3 I only (hear) _ from him twice since he went away
4 I (teach) _ hundreds of students but I (never /meet) _ a hopeless class like this
5 Mr Smith, you (whisper) _ to the student on your right for the lastfive minutes You (help) _ him with his exam paper or he (help) _ you?
6 The driver of that car (sound) _ his horn for the last ten minutes
7 You (hear) _ the news? Tom and Ann are engaged
That’s not new I ( know) _ it for ages
8 I (look) _ for mushrooms but I (not find) _ any
9 Why you (make) _ such a horrible noise?
I (lose) _ my key and I (try) _ to wake my wife bythrowing stones at her windows
10 He (hope) _ for a rise in salary for six months but he (not dare) toask for it yet
11 I (read) _ this book for hours and I’m still only on page 6
12 We (never, see) any paintings like this before
13 Good, the noise (stop) I can start concentrating on my work again
14 All day, the students (prepare) everything for the festival
15 I (swim) _ and I feel exhausted now
16 Mr Woo (give) the same lecture to students for the last ten years
17 She (just, meet) us several times
18 With his win yesterday, Jim (move) _ into the first place in the table
19 you (see) any of Picasso’s paintings?
20 Our group (work) on our project for 5 straight hours but we (do)
one third of the project
21 In recent years, the school (put) _ a lot of money into developing
advanced technology
Trang 3322 I (wonder) _ why she has changed a lot but I (not/ find) _the reason.
23 They (talk) about the problem for hours
24 The teacher (not/ return) _ our assignments
IV Find the one choice that best completes the sentence
1 A table with four chairs are ………… of the dining room
2 You brush your teeth twice a day
3 Tim is a good student He did very well in the first semester His mother is him
4 The new hotel next year
a is opened b will be opened c is opening d opens
5 Would you mind on the light?
A turnB to turn C turned D turning
6 – Where is the fridge? – It’s ………… the corner of the kitchen
7 Did the children enjoy when they were on holiday?
8 Carmen didn’t use to eat fish, but now she
9 I never go to Australia I to Australia yet
A went B have been C will go D haven’t been
10 I’m Let’s do something How about going to a movie?
11 I’m hungry ………… is for dinner this evening?
12 The old lady sat in a corner talking to
13 I swimming very much
14 The teacher said, “Come at 8 o’clock” The teacher told the students at 8 o’clock
A not to come B to come C coming D came
15 Mary is watching a film She really likes it Mary is really
A to interest B interest C interested D interesting
16 to do homework today?
17 She knows that he worked really this semester
18 Stop, boys! It’s near the streets
A dangerous for playing B dangerously to play
C dangerous to playing D dangerous to play
Trang 3419 Do you mind if I switch on the radio? – .
A No, thank B Yes, go ahead C No, not at all D Yes, you can
V Fill in each blank with only one suitable word.
design applying website definitely good
I wanted to (1) _ careers and become a designer, but I didn’t have four years and
$100,000 to go (2) to school So I decided to teach myself At first, I had a lot of(3) _ about whether someone could teach themselves well enough to get a job
I hacked together my own design education in six months while working a full-time (4)
I didn’t think I was ready but started (5) _ for jobs anyway—and got
a job at a great startup, Exec
I’ll admit, I’m nowhere near as (6) as many design prodigies that come out of afour-year (7) _ at an elite school But I’m (8) _ good enough to do myjob well I (9) a pretty wide range of things - for the (10) , iPhoneapp, emails, social media, and print
IV Finish the following sentences using suggested words.
2 Jane / have / take / photographs / for / 3 hours
Trang 351 Where have you just returned from?
2 How long did you stay there?
3 How far is it from your house to Hue?
4 What was the weather like there?
5 What did you do there?
6 How did you feel about the trip?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Trang 36USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past
The Past Perfect expresses an action occurring before another action in the past It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.
I had never seen such a beautiful painting before I visited the Lourve.
I did not invite him to my party because I hadn’t met him for a long time
He told us about Singapore very interestingly because he had gone there many times.
USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)
Trang 37With Non-Continuous Verbs , we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.
What had you done before you became an interior designer?
We had had that painting for ten years before it was stolen.
By the time Tom moved to Spain, he had been in Italy for about two years.
They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.
EITHER PAST PERFECT OR SIMPLE PAST
If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence The words
"before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is
optional For this reason, both sentences below are correct.
She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for adverbs such as: previously, always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
You had previously studied English before you moved to New York.
Had you ever studied English before you moved to New York?
For the PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS, the actions is emphasized for the lasting up to the past tense, the use of this tense compared with the PAST PERFECT is similar with the PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS compared with PRESENT PERFECT.
Exercises
I Circle the best answer out of the four choices
1 By the time we arrived, they _
a had left b left c has left d had leave
2 I that picture a long time ago
a had drawn b had drew c drew d draw
3 By that time, everyone _ exhausted
Trang 38a was b had been c has been d were
4 The teacher was very pleased that the students the project perfectly
a prepared b have prepared c had prepared d was prepared
5 They had left for the workshop when we _
6 He _ three hours yesterday
a slept b have slept c has been sleeping d hasn’t slept
7 This student _ four pictures by last week
a sold b had sold c has sold d was selling
8 We in this company for five years when you applied for the job
a is teaching b have taught c had taught d teaching
9 When I arrived at the airport, I discovered that I my passport
a forgot b forget c had forgotten d has forgotten
10 After we _ the library, we went to the museum for sketching
a leave b had left c have left d has left
11 When we got home, we found that someone _ into the house
12 I was very unpleased that someone _ my paintbrush before
13 Tom felt ill last night because he too much ice-cream
14 First I mixed color, then I carefully every part of my painting
a finish b finished c had finished d have finished
II Use the correct verb form.
1 When I arrived at the airport, the plane _ (take off)
2 They _ (live) in Malaysia before they moved to Australia
3 After she _ (win) the the first prize in the fashion competition, she held a big partyfor her friends
4 The students didn’t arrive until after the teacher _ (leave)
5 I never _ (see) any of Picasso’s paintings until I visited the museum
6 When we _ (finish) dinner, we went out
7 I am sure I _ (meet) him somewhere before the conference yesterday
8 She got very high marks because she _ (study) a lot before the exam
9 We couldn’t go into the concert because we _ (not/bring) our tickets
10 She said that she _ (not/visit) the UK before
11 I _ (not/have) breakfast when he arrived
12 He _ (not/use) email before, so I showed him how to use it
Trang 39III Use the verbs in the Past Perfect or Simple Past.
1 After Fred _ (to spend) his holiday in Italy he _ (to want) to learn
Italian
2 Jill _ (to phone) Dad at work before she _ (to leave) for her trip.
3 Susan _ (to turn on) the radio after she _ (to wash) the dishes.
4 After Eric _ (to make) breakfast, he _ (to phone) his friend.
5 When she _ (to arrive), the match already (to start).
6 After the man _ (to come) home, he _ (to feed) the cat.
7 They _ (to ride) their bikes before they _ (to meet) their friends.
8 I _ (to be) very tired because I _ (to study) too much.
9 After we _ (to sketch) the drawings, we _ (to carry out) designing.
10 She (to attend) the conference after she (to meet) the customers.
IV Rewrite the sentences using past simple and past perfect.
1 The woman slept Then, her husband came home (already/ when)
V Finish each of the following sentences as requested
1 I went out at 7 p.m last night, and she came to visit me at 7.30 p.m
Trang 40VI Finish the following sentences using suggested words.
1 The student/ talked/ workshop/ they/ attended/ before
VII Circle the best choice
1 John/ had/ attend/ art course/ before/ come/ your art class.
A John had attended an art course before coming to your art class
B John had attended an art course before he came to your art class
C John had attended an art course before came to your art class
D A and B are correct
2 The student/ talked/ workshop/ they/ attended/ before.
A The student talked about the workshop which they have attended before
B The student talked to the workshop they have attended before
C The student talked about the workshop they had attended before
D The student talked to the workshop which they have attended before
3 I/ met/ him/ somewhere/ before/ talked/ him/ yesterday.
A I met him somewhere before talked to him yesterday
B I had met him somewhere before I talked to him yesterday
C I met him somewhere before I talked him yesterday
D I had met him somewhere before talked to him yesterday
4 When/ I/ got/ home,/ my house/ break/ into
A When I got home, my house was breaking into
B When I got home, my house had broken into
C When I got home, my house had been broken into
D When I got home, my house was broken into
5 I/ been to/ Lourve museum/ twice/ far.
A I have been to Lourve Museum twice far
B I have been to the Lourve Museum twice so far
C I was to the Lourve Museum twice so far