NGU PHAP THPT

PRESENT CONTINUOUS HTTD S + am/ is/ are + Ving Ex: We are studying English now... 2Một số động từ sau đây thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn... P Be : Ex: I am a student now.P Những độ

LESSON 1 : TENSES ( Các thì )

1 SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTĐ)

Affir : S+V1 /Vs, es Ex : Water boils at 100o c

Neg: S+ do/ does +

not+ V1

Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry

Inter: Do/ does+ S + V1

…? Ex : How often do you go to school?

*(Be):am, is, are not ; (have):has/ have not +got = do / does + not + haveDi

Notes : Qui tac them es đối với động từ có S số ít :

- Các động từ tận cùng là : o, sh, ch, x, s, và z

- Các động từ tận cùng là y mà đứng trước y là một phụ

âm ta đổi y à i + es

( She studies, Tom tries, He plays ).

2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD)

S + am/ is/ are + Ving Ex: We are studying English now

S + am/ is/ are + not +

Ving

Ex: She isn’t writing when he comes

Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving ? Ex: What are you doing while I am

doing?

Die

ã n ta û : P Hđộng đang xảy ra ở Htại vào lúc nói viết

P 2 hđộng đang kéo dài // ở Htại (while: trong khi).

P 1 hđộng đang kéo dài ở Htại thì có 1 hđộng ngắn đột ngột xảy ra(S+ V1/ Vs, es)

V

ớ i : AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW

3 PRESENT PERFECT: (HTHT)

Die

ã n tả: P Hđộng Qk ko rõ tg

P Hđộng vừa mới xảy ra

P Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qk, vẫn còn tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể tiếp tục ở Tlai

V

ớ i: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL TIMES, SINCE + mốc TG, FOR + khoảng TG, UP TO

NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO FAR…

4 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (HTHTTD)

S + has/ have + been + Ving Ex: We have been studying English for many

( nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) - since + mốc TG ; for + khoảng TG.

S + has/ have + V3ed Ex: I’ve just opened the door

Ex: We have studied English for many years

S + has/ have + not +

V3ed

Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently

Has/ Have + S + V3ed? Ex: How long have you studied English?

5 SIMPLE PAST (QKĐ)

S + V2ed Ex: I saw him yesterday

S + did + not +

V1

Ex: She didn’t come last week

Did + S + V1 ? Ex: Did Mr Lee phone an hour

S + was/ were + not +

Ving Ex:I was writing while my father was reading

Was / were + S + Ving ? Ex: She was sleeping as the telephone

rang

Die

ã n ta û: P Hđộng xảy ra ở 1 giờ / khoảng giờ Qk xác định ( at 7pm, from 6 to 7, …)

P 2 hđộng diễn ra // ở Qk (while: trong khi)

P 1 hđộng Qk đang kéo dài thì 1 hđ ngắn đngột xảy ra (S + V2ed)

S + will / shall + V1 Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow.

S + will / shall + not +

V1

Will / Shall + S + V1?

*Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t

Die

ã n tả: P Hđ sẽ xảy ra trong tlai

P Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V1…? ); Đề nghị ( Shall I / we + V1 …?)V

ớ i: TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…)

9 FUTURE PERFECT (TLHT)

S + will / shall + have +

V3ed Ex: We’ll have already finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow.Die

ã n ta û: P Hđộng sẽ hoàn tất trong tlai

* Notes:

1) Near future: (Tlai gần) S + am/ is / are + going to + V1 : sẽ, sắp sửa, dự định…

Ex: I’m going to buy it tomorrow

2)Một số động từ sau đây thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn

P Be : Ex: I am a student now.

P Những động từ chỉ về giác quan: see, hear, feel, look (trông

có vẻ), smell, taste, recognize

P Những động từ chỉ về cảm xúc: like, dislike love, hate, want

wish, desire, refuse, forgive

P Những động từ chỉ về lí trí: understand, know, think, realize,

suppose, believe, remember, forget, mind,expect, recollect

P Những động từ chỉ sự bắt đầu, tiếp tục, kết thúc: begin,

continue, finish…

LESSON 2: PREPOSITIONS ( Giới từ)

A COMMON PREPOSITION:

I Prep Of Place:

1 IN: ở trong ( 1 nơi/ vùng/ khu vực/ quốc gia/ thành phố/ …)

Ex: in the room/ Asia/ Britain/ London/ …

in bed/ newspaper/ magazines/ the world/…

2 ON: ở trên

Ex: on the table/ the board/ the floor/ …

on TV/ the radio/ telephone/ the way/ the street/ horse back/ …

3 AT : ở tại (địa điểm nhỏ).

Ex: at the desk/ the station/ the airport/ 72 Pham Ngu Lao street….

at home/ school/ work…

4 FROM : từ (nơi xuất phát) Ex: Mr Mac Donald is from

Scotland

5 TO: đến (đích) Ex: Elizabeth went to the store.

6 BETWEEN : ở giữa (2 người / vật) Ex: Mai is sitting between

Nam and Nga

7 AMONG: ở giữa , trong số Ex : The letter is somewhere among these papers.

II Prep Of Time

1 IN: 1977( 1890, 2008…)

the summer (winter…)

April (May, August…)

the morning (afternoon, evening…)

fire : đang cháy

III Some Other Prep :

1 By : bằng ,bởi Ex: They can enrich the soil by using

fertilizers

* by bus/ car/ train/ plane/ …

2 On foot: đi bộ

3 For : cho , vì, để (chỉ mục đích) Ex: What would you like for

breakfast?

Ex: Some people read for pleasure.

4 With : với , bằng Ex: He went with her.

Ex: I can write better with my own pen.

5 About : về Ex: What do you think about

her?

6 Of : của Ex: The window of the living

room

B PREPOSITIONS FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES:

1 Adj + TO : acceptable, accustomed, agreeable, contrary, harmful,

important, kind, likely, lucky, open, pleasant, similar, familiar, helpful, (but: it’s very kind of you.)

2 Adj + IN : interested, rich, successful

3 Adj + OF : afraid, ahead, aware, capable,confident, full, tired, sure,

proud

4 Adj + FOR : available, difficult, late, perfect, useful, famous, responsible,

sorry (S.O)

5 Adj + FROM : absent, different, safe, far

6 Adj + AT : clever, present, quick, skilful, good, bad, (angry at

something/ with someone)

7 Adj + WITH : acquainted, crowed, friendly, popular, busy, bored,

pleased, fed up

8 Adj + ABOUT : confused, sad, serious, worried, sorry (S.T)

C VERB + NOUN ( PHRASE) + PREPOSITION:

1 catch sight of : trông thấy

2 give place to : nhường chỗ cho

3 give way to : nhượng bộ ,tránh đường cho

4 keep pace with : theo kịp, sánh bước

5 lose sight of : mất hút, không thấy

6 lose touch with : mất liên lạc với

7 lose track of : mất dấu vết của

8 make allowance for: chiếu cố đặc biệt

9 make fun of : chế nhạo

10.make a fuss over/ about

: cuống quýt về việc gì

11 make room for : dọn chỗ cho

12 make use of : sử dụng

13 pay attention to : chú ý đến

14 put a stop to : làm dừng lại

15 put an end to : chấm dứt

16 set fire to : châm lửa, đốt

17 take account of : chú ý đến

18 take advantage of : lợi dụng

19 take care of : chăm sóc

20 take note of : chú ý đến

21 take notice of : chú ý tới

D GO + PREPOSITION:

1 after: đuổi theo 7 down: giảm

giá ¹ up: tăng giá

2 ahead: được tiến hành 8 on: tiếp tục

3 along: tiến triển 9 off: nổ

4 away: ra đi, rời khỏi nơi nào 10 out: tắt

5 back: trở về 11 over: xem xét kỹ

6 by: trôi qua( thời gian)

E CA Ù C TR ƯƠ NG H Ợ P KHA Ù C

1 belong to : thuộc về

2 on the contrary : ngược lại

3 on the whole : nói chung

4 be up to = depend on : tuỳ thuộc vào

5 listen to : lắng nghe

6 suffer from : bị, chịu

7 free from : giải phóng khỏi

8 write …to : viết … cho…

9 wait for : chờ

10 ask …for : hỏi xin

11 look at : nhìn

12 look after : chăm sóc

13 look up : tra từ điển

14 look out : nhìn ra ngoài

15 look for : tìm kiếm

16 laugh at : cười nhạo

17 good at : giỏi về cái gì

18 good for : tốt cho cái gì

19 prevent… from : ngăn … không cho

20 be in bed : nằm trên giường

21 regard … as : xem như

22 be divided into : được chia thành

23 take part in : tham gia vào

LESSON 3: WORD FORM

3) prep + n : làm O cho prep

4) be (là) + n : làm C ( C : complement: bổ ngữ) 5) adj + n

Ex: People can see new film at the cinema

S O O

He is a scientist

* Notes:

- a, an ,the

- this, that, these, those

- some, any, many, … + n

- my, your, Tom’s, …

II Adjective (adj.):

1) adj + n

2) adv + adj

3) be (thì, là ), look có vẻ), feel, become, taste (có mùi), smell ( có vị), get, grow,remain,

stay, turn, seem, appear, sound, … + adj

Ex: That young girl is very beautiful

III Adverb (adv):

1) S + Vi + adv Ex: They arrived safely

2) S + Vt + O + adv Ex: She did the housework disappointedly

3) S + Vaux + adv + Vmain Ex: He can surely do it

4) adv + adj Ex: He is reasonably right.

5) adv + adv Ex: Jack runs very quickly.

6) S + V + adv Ex: We have bought it at that store recently.

( or: adv + S + V + … ) (or: Recently we have bought it at that

store.)

IV Verb (v) : V đứng sau S.

Các hình thức ¹ của V còn được dùng ở nhiều vị trí khác Participle: Present participle ( Ving)

Past participle ( V3ed)

1) Used in Continuous tenses ( Ving)

2) Used in Perfect tenses & Passive voice (V3ed)

3) Used as Adj: Ving à Active meaning

V3ed à Passive meaning

Ex: a/ The match excites the fans

The match is exciting

The fans are excited

b/ The children have seen an interesting film

The children are interested in the film

- ful : harmful, useful, delightful, successful,hopeful, helpful, peaceful

- less : childless, odourless, speechless, restless, careless, harmless,

treeless - ly : manly, brotherly,

worldly, hourly, yearly, daily

n + - like : childlike, godlike, lifelike,

statesmanlike = adj

- y : dusty, snowy, rainy, sandy, dirty, healthy.

- ish : foolish, selfish, childish

- al : magical, agricultural, industrial, natural.

III OUT + Vi à Vt (tốt hơn, nhanh hơn, lâu hơn) :

outnumber, outgrow, outlive, outrun, outweigh

IV UNDER + n / V à n / V( thấp hơn, bên dưới, kém hơn) :

undergrowth, undercharge

V OVER + n/ Adj /V à n/ Adj / V ( quá giới hạn, vượt, quá nhiều)

overcoat, overanxious, overact.

C WORD FORM CHARTS:

1 satisfy (v)

satisfied( past Part)

satisfying (pres part)

disappointing(pres part)disappointedly(adv)disappointment(n)

10 expect(v)

expected (past Part)expecting(pres part)expectant(adj)

expectantly(adv)expectation(n)

11 prefer(v)

preferential(adj)preferentially(adv)preference(n)

12 attract(v)

attracted(past Part)attractive(adj)

attractively(adv)attraction(n)

13 reason(v)

reasonable(adj)reasonably(adv)reason(n)

14 absorb(v)

absorbed(past Part)absorbent(adj) / (n)absorptive(adj)

I PRESENT TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:

Ex: 1/ a We always take our umbrellas when it rains.

b We are singing as she comes.

2/ a I usually read a newspaper while I am waiting for the bus.

b I’m writing while they are talking.

3./ He goes home after he has finished his work.

4/ a She has played the piano since she was five

b.I’ve felt much better since I’ve been here.

5/ a She greets me as soon as she sees me.

b He continues his journey as soon as he has finished his meal.

S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving(đang…) WHILE =AS S + AM / IS / ARE + Ving (đang…)

3 S+ V1 / s / es AFTER S + HAS / HAVE + V3ed

4 S + HAS / HAVE + V3ed SINCE S + V2ed® ĐÃ CHẤM

DỨT

S + HAS / HAVE + V3ed® Vẫn còn

5 S + V1 / s / es AS SOON AS

UNTILL = TILLS + V1 / s / esS + HAS / HAVE + V3ed®

Hoàn tất

II PAST TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:

EX: 1/ a I sat near the window whenever I took a bus

b It was raining hard when I got there

2/ a I met him while I was walking down the street

b I was writing while he was reading

3/ He smoked after he had finished his meal

4/ He had finished his meal before he smoked

5/ a He left as soon as I told him

b He left as soon as he had finished his work

Main Clause (Mđề chính) Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mđề Trạng

S + HAD + V3ED ®Hoàn tất

II FUTURE TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:

EX: 1/ a We’ ll go when we want

b I’m goint to wait until you have finished your homework

2/ We will have finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow

Main Clause (Mđề chính) Adverbial Clauses of Time (Mđề Trạng từ

Note: Không dùng thì Tlai trong Mđề Trạng từ chỉ TG® Dùng các thì

Htại thay thế

LESSON 5 : MAKING & ANSWERING QUESTIONS

( Dựng & Trả Lời Câu Hỏi)

Yes - No Inter form? Yes, Spron + Vpreceding Q.No, Spron + Vpreceding Q + NOT

Or Inter form + A or

Wh Wh + Inter form? Affir form

Ex: 1 Uncle Ho / die / 1969?

- Did Uncle Ho die in 1969? à Yes, he did

2 Faraday / writer or scientist?

- Was Faraday a writer or a scientist? à He / Faraday was a scientist

3 When / Tom / go / school?

- When does Tom often go to school?

à He/Tom often goes to school in the morning

Notes:

1 When “Wh” is the Subject or Modifies the Subject

® Affir form is used in the Q

Ex: a/ Who can swim?

à Nam can swim

b/ How many students are absent today?

à Two students are absent today

2 Tag Question:

Ex: The weather is nice , isn’t it ? à Yes, it is

1 3 Commands:

V1…( Hãy…): List/ Mention/ Name/ Give… ® They are / It is …

Ex: Name some English scientists

à They / Some E scientists are Newton, Faraday, …

LESSON 6: ACTIVE or PASSIVE VOICE

( Chủ Động và Thụ Động Cách)

Ex: 1/ A: Tom eats apples every day

P: Apples are eaten by Tom every day

2/ A: They saw him in the shop

P: He was seen in the shop ( by them )

Must + be

Be going to

Be able toHave toOught toUsed to

OI OD

P: Mary was given some books by Lan.

OR:(Some books were given to Mary by Lan.)

2/

A: S + V í + (THAT) + S + V ….

P: S + BE + V3 ed + TO + V1

OR: IT + BE + V3ed + by + O + (THAT) S + V

V í : SAY KNOW THINK

BELIEVE REPORT RUMOUR

TELL CLAIM PROVE

CONSIDER…

Ex : A : They say that they has been ill

P : He is said to have been ill (or : It is said that he has been ill.)

LESSON 7: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

( Câu Điều Kiện)

Types and Use

(Loại và Cách

xảy ra ở HT&TL

IF + S + do /does +not + V1

*BE: am, is ,are

S + shall + V1can

couldmightEx: 1 If it is fine, we will go

2 I’d fly everywhere if I were a bird

3 If you had met the president yesterday, what would you have done?