Rigging safety induction

Good and bad rigging practices Good and bad rigging practicesHook slings Good – turned hooks are out Bad - hook openings turned should be out Double slings shall be used when hoisting 2

What Is Rigging & Slinging?

Rigging & slinging is the transfer

of a wide variety of materials by

using lifting appliances and

lifting / rigging gear.

This must be done safely with

well maintained equipment and

trained competent persons.

If an object is suspended, there

is a possibility that it may fall, especially if it is lifted using faulty equipment or is badly slung, the consequences can be serious.

Rigging & slinging can be extremely dangerous if not carried out correctly.

ANY FALLING LOAD CAN

KILL

DUTIES OF RIGGERS, CRANE OPERATORS AND DOGGERS

It is the duty of riggers, crane operators and doggers to safeguard life and limb of both yourself and others working in the vicinity of the operation, or likely to enter the vicinity.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF RIGGERS

1 To use the right equipment for

the right job.

2 To make sure they know the

5 To be able to calculate the SWL

6 To be able to visually inspect the

lifting gear before use.

7 To direct the crane operator by

giving hand signals or radio

communication.

USE THE EQUIPMENT CORRECTLY

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN:

A GOOD RIGGER & A BAD RIGGER?

RUSSIAN ROULETTE

Safety helmets:

Approved plastic or fibreglass

safety helmets shall be worn on

the job site.

Protective clothing:

Suitable protective clothing shall be worn, such as:

o long trousers and shirts

Shorts or sleeveless T-shirts shall not be worn.

Safety footwear:

Steel capped safety boots / shoes shall be worn

on the job site to prevent crushing injuries

Eye protection:

Safety goggles or glasses shall

be worn at all times.

Gloves:

Gloves will prevent minor injuries Always wear leather gloves when handling wire rope.

Hearing protection:

Hearing protection shall be worn in all high noise areas.

There are basically 3 types of hearing protectors:

2 Semi-Aural Protectors (Canal Caps)

3 Circumaural Protectors (Ear Muffs)

Ear Plugs:

Disposable ear plugs shall only be used for 1 day

If they become contaminated with oil, grease, dirt

or sweat, they should be replaced immediately.

If worn correctly, ear plugs can reduce noise

levels by 20 decibels.

Canal Caps:

Canal caps are molded to the exact

configurations of the individual ear It can be

washed, sterilized and used again If worn

correctly, it can reduce noise levels by 10-25

decibels.

Ear Muffs:

Ear muffs cover the whole ear They can be worn

in addition to ear plugs in very high noise areas

If worn correctly, ear muffs can reduce noise

levels by 15-25 decibels.

They must be regularly cleaned with a

disinfectant.

Breathing apparatus:

Self contained breathing apparatus shall be worn

in areas where a toxic atmosphere or an oxygen deficient atmosphere exists.

Permit To Work

Purpose :

To control certain types of work that are potentially hazardous Which specifies the work to be done and the precautions to be taken.

To ensure that all necessary steps are taken to

provide a safe working environment.

To ensure that everyone involved in the work is fully aware of the nature of the work, any potential hazards and how to carry it out in safe manner.

To prevent incidents, injuries to personnel and

damage to the equipment or the environment.

General Requirements :

• Work must be planned in advance by the

respective line supervisor.

• All relevant personnel who will execute the work

and others who could be influenced or affected by

it, shall also be well informed of the work plan.

• The work area and necessary equipment to be

used shall be inspected thoroughly by the

supervisors and all the necessary safety

precautions shall be strictly adhered to.

• Work to be carried out shall be fully supervised to

ensure safe working practices are followed.

• Work areas are to be cleared of all unnecessary

items that may affect the safety of other personnel after the completion of work.

• The person in charge of work execution must

convey all information relating to the work or the plan to the next person in charge at least 30

minutes before changing shift.

Types of Work Requiring PTW

• Work and / or entry into a confined space.

• Blasting, except at the blasting ground.

• Painting, except at the painting chamber.

• Lifting of more than 50 tonnes or utilizing at

least two cranes.

• Lifting of special equipment or utilizing a

special lifting method.

• Radiography Test (RT) of welding joints.

• Scaffolding erection and dismantling

• Flushing / Hydro-testing of pipelines.

• Excavating more then 1 metre deep.

• Skidding or weighing of a structure.

Types of Work Requiring PTW

• Work over water.

• Chemical cleaning of pipelines

• Lubrication oil flushing of equipment or pipelines.

• Energizing of mechanical or electrical equipment.

• Reinstatement of pipelines.

• Commissioning of equipment or systems.

• Any other activity within the areas of affect of the

above work that requires a Permit To Work

GOOD & BAD SLINGING

PRACTICES

MAIN CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS:

 IMPROPER SLINGING

 INADEQUATE INSPECTION

 LIFTING IN UNSAFE ENVIRONMENT

 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE NOT

WHAT ARE THE UNSAFE ACTS AND

UNSAFE CONDITIONS HERE ?

(A)No crane hook safety clip (H) Insecure slinging

(B) Shackle between hook & ring (I) Safety helmet not worn (C) Sling angle (J) Improper hand signal

(D) Knotted sling (K) SWL of sling

(E) Spare sling legs insecure (L) Tag lines not used

(F) Load not level (M) Outrigger on soft ground (G) Insecure load

EXAMINE YOUR LIFTING GEAR BEFORE USE

“THE GUESSING GAME IS NO GAME

FOR THOSE IN THE RIGGING GAME”

USE TAG LINES TO CONTROL ALL

SUPPLY BOATS ARE HEAVY

MAKE SURE ALL SEA FASTENINGS

ARE REMOVED PRIOR TO LIFTING.

LIFTING MORE THAN ONE PLATE

DO NOT PERMIT BENDING

NEAR ANY ATTACHED

FITTING!

CHECK ON THE SLING ANGLE:

IF L IS GREATER THAN S THEN

DO NOT USE SREW PIN SHACKLES

IF THE PIN CAN ROLL UNDER THE

LOAD AND UNSCREW.

Severe bending

L

S S

USE ONLY ONE SIGNALMAN.

DO NOT ALLOW ANYONE

TO RIDE ON THE HOOK

OR LOAD.

DO NOT LIFT OVER PERSONNEL.

…PAY ATTENTION.

DO NOT DRAG A LOAD.

DO NOT OVERLOAD THE

CRANE.

LIFT ONE LOAD AT A

Always keep the hooks and chain in a straight line.

Good and bad rigging practices Good and bad rigging practices

Hook slings

Good – turned

hooks are out

Bad - hook openings

turned should be

out

Double slings shall be used when hoisting 2 or more pieces of material over 12’

long

Right-load over 12’ long

Wrong-load over 12’ long

Eye bolts

Vertical lifts on eye bolt

is good practice

Bad-lifting on eye bolts from

an angle reduces safe loads

as much as 90%

Hoisting structural steel

Good-use space blocks and pad corners

Bad – can bend flanges and cut rope Eye splices:

Good – note use of thimble in eye splice

Good – use thimble in eye splice

Bad-wire rope knot with clip Efficiency 50% or less

Bad-thimble should be used

to increase strength of eye and reduce wear on rope

Good and bad rigging practices

……MAKE SURE THAT ALL EQUIPMENT HAVE……

RIGGING & SLINGING EQUIPMENT

FIBRE ROPE TYPES

FIBRE ROPE:

Fibre rope can be made from natural fibres or

synthetic fibres The natural fibre rope is derived from plants and the synthetic fibre rope is made from chemicals.

NATURAL FIBRE ROPE:

The length of the fibres in natural fibre rope is at most a few feet and the effectiveness in this

state is very limited.

CONSTRUCTION USES:

The only type of natural fibre rope that is used in the construction industry is Number One Grade Manila Other types of natural fibre are not

strong enough or deteriorate too quickly

FIBRE ROPE TYPES

MANILA ROPE

Number One Natural Manila is strong and durable It is recognized by its yellow

color As the grade and strength

decreases, the color darkens A low grade Manila is dark brown The minimum

breaking strength of a one inch diameter Manila rope is 9,000 lbs (4.082 kg.)

The following types of natural fibre ropes are not

used in the construction industry due to various undesirable qualities.

HEMP

Hemp is the strongest of the natural fibre ropes

It deteriorates quickly when wet.

SISAL

Sisal is approximately 75% strength of untarred hemp It will stand exposure to sea water.

COIR

Coir is made from coconut husk fibres Very

elastic and about one quarter the strength of

hemp It will float on water.

COTTON

Cotton is approximately 60% as strong as hemp.

SYNTHETIC FIBRE ROPE

Synthetic ropes have individual threads and

fibres that run continuously through the rope All synthetic ropes have a common characteristic

and that is a resistance to rot, mildew and more strength than natural fibre rope.

NYLON

Nylon is the strongest rope available It will

absorb greater shock load than any other and

outlasts all natural fibre ropes by a wide margin Nylon is flexible, has high abrasion resistance,

can be stored wet, resists most alkalis and

organic solvents It will not rot.

POLYESTER (TERYLENE)

Polyester is not as strong as nylon, but it is twice the strength of manila It stretches far less than Nylon but slightly more than Manila It has

excellent resistance to abrasion, chemicals and weather.

POLYPROPYLENE

Polypropylene is the lightest, most economical

and widely used, rope on the market The

strength is far greater than Manila Other

characteristics are long life, ease of handling,

flexibility in cold temperatures, excellent

resistance to most acid and alkalis and very good impact loading And it floats! It is supplied in

many colors and color combinations.

POLYETHYLENE

Polyethylene has 50% the strength of nylon and resist acids and alkalis.

SAFETY FACTORS DEPENDENT ON THE

CONDITION OF USE

FIBRE ROPE USED FOR ROPE FALLS OR HOISTING PERSONAL HAS A SAFETY FACTOR OF 10.

FOR OTHER USES THE SAFETY FACTOR IS 5.

SAFETY FACTORS ARE USED TO ALLOW FOR THE REDUCED CAPACITY OF ROPE DUE TO NORMAL

WEAR, INCLUDING EXPOSURE TO SUN AND

MOISTURE, OR THE EXTRA LOAD IMPOSED BY

JERKY LIFTING AND STOPPING.

Rules of thumb for new ropes

when load tables are not

– 5/8 inch manila rope

FIBRE ROPE BREAKING STRENGTH

Approximate efficiency of polypropylene rope knots and connections as compared to Safe Load on ropes.

Clove Hitch Bowline (outside) Bowline (inside)

FIBRE ROPE KNOTS &

FIGURE EIGHT KNOT

REEF KNOT

TIMBER HITCH

BOWLINE ON THE BIGHT

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR LIFTING LOADS

CLOVE HITCH CATSPAW

CARRICK BEND ROUND TURN &

TWO HALF HITCHES

RUNNING BOWLINE SLIPPERY

CLOVE HITCH

ROLLING HITCH

SPANISH BOWLINE

1

2 3

4 5

Long

Short 13

15

FIBRE ROPE TERMINOLOGY

WHIPPING:

When cutting a natural fibre rope, the

ends must be taped or whipped with a

small twine to prevent the rope from

untwisting.

MELTING:

As whipping will not stay in position on

synthetic fibre rope, the common practice

is to melt the strands together after

cutting, with a torch or lighter to prevent the ends from untwisting and fraying.

FIBRE ROPE INSPECTION

EVERY FOOT OF A ROPE SHOULD BE INSPECTED,

AS IT IS ONLY AS STRONG AS IT’S WEAKEST PART.

Inspect the outer surface for broken yarns

or fibres, then untwist the strands and

observe the inside Broken fibres inside a rope indicate that a rope has been

overloaded The interior yarns of an

overloaded rope will fail first.

FIBRE ROPE INSPECTION

With a natural fibre rope, pull out a fibre and try to break it, if it breaks easily the rope has been overloaded or effected by mildew or dry rot.

Exposure to sunlight will deteriorate a

natural fibre rope over a period of time

SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLINGS

Synthetic webbing slings are in

common use for lifting in our

industry.

Synthetic webbing slings are

intended for use on the more delicate items where the surface would be

damaged by a wire rope or chain

sling.

The vast majority of slings are made out of nylon, polyester or

polypropylene.

The colour of the tag denotes the

material e.g NYLON- GREEN ,

POLYESTER-BLUE & BROWN

POLYPROPYLENE-DO NOT USE A SLING

IF:-• IT IS NOT MARKED WITH A S.W.L.

• THERE IS SIGN OF CUT WEBBING/SNAGGING.

• THERE IS HEAT OR CHEMICAL DAMAGE,

EXCESSIVE WEAR.

• THERE ARE DAMAGED SEAMS AND ANY OTHER

DEFECTS.

• THERE IS PRESENCE OF GRIT, ABRASIVE

MATERIALS OR OTHER DELETERIOUS MATTER.

IF ANY DEFECTS ARE FOUND, DISCARD

OR DESTROY THE SLING IMMEDIATELY.

ABOVE 9O DEGREES C.

TO PENETRATE THE FIBRES.

SHARP EDGES.

Metal Dee (Plain

& Choker)

Reduced Eye Reduced &

reversed Eye

Flat Eye Best suited to Where small hooks For choker lift Where minimum lifts where eyes are used Gives square lift clearance is get excessive to load on same required for wear plane as webbing use with lifting jj beams.

Length (measured pull to pull)

Length (measured pull to pull)

PRE-USE INSPECTION OF WEBBING SLINGS

 CHECK THE SLING IS MARKED WITH SWL.

 MARKED WITH IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.

 COMPLETE WITH CERTIFICATES & DATE STAMP.

 SLING COLOUR CODING.

INSPECT THE ENTIRE LENGTH OF SLING FOR:

 CUTS/TEARS & CHAFFING.

 BURN MARKS / HEAT DAMAGE.

 CHEMICAL DAMAGE-FIBRES START TO

DISINTERGRATE WHEN RUBBED OR PICKED.

 BURST STITCHING, PARTICULARLY AROUND THE EYES, TWISTING.

 ANY INDICATION OF FOREIGN BODIES INTO

FIBRES.

 IF THE SLING HAS METAL EYES, CHECK FOR

DISTORTION AND WEAR

FIBRE SLINGS ARE DESIGNED FOR

THE MORE DELICATE LOADS………

……THEY ARE NOT INTENDED FOR

FOR USE ON ANGULAR OR SHARP EDGED LOADS!

DAMAGED WEBBING SLINGS

LOAD BEARING YARN IS TORN

SLEEVE AND LOAD BEARING YARN BURNT THROUGH

DOUBLE SLEEVING DAMAGED

DAMAGED EDGE

DAMAGED EDGE WITH BROKEN CARRYING

THREADS

HAND SPLICE

WIRE ROPE

DESCRIPTION

make a wire rope The rope is specified as 6x7 (6/1)

i,e six strand each of seven wires

The minimum tensile strength of the

wire is expressed in MEGAPASCALS

LAY OF ROPE:

Lay effects behaviour and operating life

of a wire rope It is important therefore

to quote (a) the direction of lay, and (b) the type of lay and details of the rope application, and operating conditions.

This refers to the way the

wires in the strands, and the strands in the rope are

formed into the completed

rope.

The direction of rope lay

does

not effect the breaking force

of a rope However, the bination of strand lay and

com-rope lay will greatly effect

the

rope characteristic and this

factor must be taken into

con-sideration when choosing a rope.

and FIBRE OR SISAL CORE:fibre core

Sisalanna is the most common

fibre used in the manufacture of

wire rope cores.

I.W.R.C OR STEEL CORE:

The primary function of the core is to provide adequate support for the strands The steel

core, as the name IWRC implies is actually a

separate small rope inside a larger rope

SPECIAL CORES:

Other cores include nylon, plastic, paper etc One type, used for mine shafts for communications, has an electrical conductor embedded in the fibre.

STRAND CORE:

A single strand used as a core and generally confined to the smaller ropes as a substitute for the

IWRC The strand core may or may not be of the same cross section

as the surrounding strands.