GIAO AN ON THI VAO LOP 10 (DAY DU)

Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thường dùng trong thì hiện tại đơn giản.. Diễn tả hành động, sự việc sẽ xảy ra tại thời điểm nào đó trong tương lai... Diễn tả hành động, sự việc xảy ra trong

BUỔI 1:

THE TENSES + USED TO + PAST SIMPLE TENSE WITH WISH

I Các thì cơ bản trong tiếng Anh

1 Thì hiện tại đơn giản.

a Động từ “ TOBE”

* Nghĩa tiếng Việt: Thì, là, ở.

* Có 3 dạng : am, is , are.

* Cách chia động từ :

Chủ ngữ là I động từ Tobe chia là am , viết là I am = I’m

He, She, It, Danh từ số ít Tobe chia là is

You, We, They, danh từ số nhiều Tobe chia là are

* Cấu trúc:

Thể khẳng định: S + am / is / are + …

Thể phủ định : S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + …

Lưu ý : I am not = I’m not.

Thể nghi vấn : Are / Is + S + … ?

Lưu ý : thông thường đổi từ thế khẳng định sang thể nghi vấn chủ ngữ là “I / We” thì đổi thành

“You”

b Động từ thường.

Thể khẳng định : I, We, You, They, danh từ số nhiều + V

He, She, It, danh từ số ít + V-s / es

Thể phủ định : I / We / You /They /danh từ số nhiều + don’t + V …

He / She / It / danh từ số ít + doesn’t + V …

Thể nghi vấn : Do + you / they / danh từ số nhiều + V …?

Yes, I/ we/ they do ; No, I / we / they don’t

Does + he/ she / it / danh từ số ít + V …?

Yes, he / she / it + does / No, he / she / it + doesn’t

Cách dùng:

a Diễn tả một thói quen ở hiện tại

VD: I come to class on time

She has lunch at home

b Diễn tả một sự thật bất biến, một chân lí luôn luôn đúng

VD: The Sun rises in the morning and sets in the evening

Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thường dùng trong thì hiện tại đơn giản

- In the morning/ afternoon/ evening…

- Every day / morning/ afternoon / evening / week / month / year / Monday … summer …

+ Often, usually, frequently: thường

+ alway , constantly: luôn luôn

+ sometimes, occosionally : thỉnh thoảng

+ seldom, rarely : ít khi, hiếm khi

2 Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn.

Thể khẳng định: S + am / is / are + V- ing …

Lưu ý: động từ Tobe được chia theo chủ ngữ

Thể phủ định: S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing …

Thể nghi vấn: Is / Are + S + V-ing …

Yes, S + am / is / are ; No, S + am not / isn’t / aren’t.

* Cách dùng:

a Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói

VD: I’m learning English now

Lan and Nam are watching TV at the moment

My mother is cooking dinner

b Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương gần, đã có kế hoạch từ trước

VD: My grand mother is coming to see my family next week

c Nói về sự đang thay đổi

VD: The population of the world is rising very fast

Các trạng từ: now, at the moment, at present, at this time

Look, listen, be careful…

Lưu ý: động từ Tobe được chia theo chủ ngữ.

Thể phủ định: S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + going to + V …

Thể nghi vấn: Are / Is + S + going to + V … ?

Yes, S + am / is / are ; No, S + amnot / isn’t / aren’t

* Cách dùng: Diễn đạt hành động, sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai mà có kế hoạch từ trước

EX: My father is retiring

Where are you going to spend your holidays?

* Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian dùng trong thì tương lai gần

- Tomorrow , tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening

- Next week / month / year

- Next + thứ trong tuần: Monday, Tuesday …

- Next + mùa : next summer ,…

4 Thì tương lai đơn giản.

* Cấu trúc:

Thể khẳng định: S + will + V …

Thể phủ định: S + won’t + V … (won’t = will not)

Thể nghi vấn: Will + S + V …?

Yes, S will / No, S won’t

Lưu ý: Có thể dùng Shall I + V … ? dùng để xin phép được làm gì?

Có thể dùng Shall we + V …? đề nghị người khác cùng làm gì (= Let’s + V …)

Will you + V …, please? Yêu cầu ai đó làm gì

* Cách dùng:

a Diễn tả hành động, sự việc sẽ xảy ra tại thời điểm nào đó trong tương lai

VD: He will finish his homework tomorrow.

Manchester United will win the cup

b Một hành động, sự việc được quyết đinh tại thời điểm nói mà không co ý định từ trước

VD: Lan is ill I will go to see her now

c Dự đoán về sự việc trong tương lai

VD: Be careful! You will hurt yourself

d Hứa hẹn sẽ làm gì

VD: I promise I’ll learn harder next school year

Thank you for lending me the money I’ll pay you back soon

* Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian dùng trong thì tương lai đơn giản

- Tomorrow , tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening

- Next week / month / year

- Next + thứ trong tuần: Monday, Tuesday …

- Next + mùa : next summer ,…

- soon: chẳng bao lâu nũa

- in + khoảng thưòi gian

- I’m sure

- I think / hope; perhaps: có lẽ

Note: Hai hành động xảy ra nối với nhau = “when”, nếu hành động này ở thì hiện tại đơn thì hành động kia chia ở tương lai đơn và ngược lại

Ex: When he comes, I will phone you

5 Thì quá khứ đơn giản.

a Động từ “ TOBE”

* Nghĩa tiếng Việt: Thì, là, ở.

* Có 2 dạng : was / were

* Cách chia động từ :

Chủ ngữ là : I , He, She, It, Danh từ số ít Tobe chia là was

You, We, They, danh từ số nhiều Tobe chia là were

* Cấu trúc:

Thể khẳng định: S + was / were + …

Thể phủ định : S + wasn’t / weren’t + …

Lưu ý : I am not = I’m not.

Thể nghi vấn : Was / Were + S + … ?

Lưu ý : thông thường đổi từ thế khẳng định sang thể nghi vấn chủ ngữ là “I / We” thì đổi thành

a Diễn tả một hành động sự việc đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ

VD: I watched TV last night

My family went to Paris last summer

b Diễn tả hành động có tính thói quen trong quá khứ

VD: He played tennis on Sunday last year

He worked in this factory from 1975 to 1990.

* Cách đọc đuôi động từ ở thì qúa khứ với đuôi “ed”.

- ed được đọc là / t/ khi động từ nguyên thể có âm tận cùng là / f /, / k /, / p /, / s/ hoặc chữ cái tận cùng là “ch” hoặc “sh”

VD: laughed, asked, helped, pushed, dressed, produced, watched …

- ed được đọc là / id / khi những động từ nguyên thể có chữ cái tận cùng là t và d

VD: needed, wanted, watied, added …

- ed được đọc là / d / khi những động từ nguyên mẫu là các âm còn lại

VD: enjoyed, lived, filled, seemed

* Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thường dùng trong thì quá khứ đơn giản

- yesterday, yesterday morning / afternoon/ evening

- last night / week / month / year

- last + thứ trong tuần : Monday, Tuesday …

- last + mùa trong năm: summer …

- in + năm : 1978, 2008 …

- khoảng thời gian + ago ( a week ago, two days ago ….)

6 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành.

* Cấu trúc:

Thể khẳng định: I / You / We / They / danh từ số nhiều + have + P.P …

He / She / It / danh từ số ít + has + P.P …

Lưu ý: P.P là quá khứ phân từ Có quy tắc thêm “ed”, bất quy tắc tra cột 3 bảng động từ bất quy tắc.

Thể phủ định: I / You / We / They / danh từ số nhiều + haven’t + P.P …

He / She / It / danh từ số ít + hasn’t + P.P …

Thể nghi vấn: Have + you / they / danh từ số nhiều + P.P … ?

Yes, I / we / they have ; No, I / we / they + haven’t

Has + he / she / it / danh từ số ít + P.P …?

Yes, he / she / it + has ; No, he / she / it + hasn’t

Lưu ý : thông thường đổi từ thế khẳng định sang thể nghi vấn chủ ngữ là “I / We” thì đổi thành

“You”

* Cách dùng:

a Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại thường dùng với since, for.

VD: They have lived here for ten years

Lan has learned English since she was six years old

Lưu ý : For + khoảng thời gian / Since + điểm thời gian VD:

* Để đặt câu hỏi cho cụm từ “ since …, for …” dùng từ để hỏi “ HOW LONG”

How long + have / has + S + P.P … ?

VD: How long have you lived here?

How long has your father worked in this factory?

b Diễn tả hành động, sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ không xác định được thời gian co thể dùng với already, just, ever, yet

Lưu ý: Yet chỉ dùng ở thể phủ định và nghi vấn; never dùng trong thể khẳng định mang nghĩa phủ định.

VD: I have seen that film.

Lam has been in China

c Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ

VD: We have seen this play many times

* Chú ý: Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: already, not…yet, so far, up to now, lately, recently,

since, for, never, this/ it is the first / second time… , several times / 3 times…

7 Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.

* Cấu trúc:

Thể khẳng định: I / He / She / It / danh từ số ít + was + V-ing …

You / We / They / danh từ số nhiều + were + V-ing …

Thể phủ định : I / He / She / It / danh từ số ít + wasn’t + V-ing …

You / We / They / danh từ số nhiều + weren’t + V-ing …

Thể nghi vấn: Was + he / she / it / danh từ số it + V-ing ….?

Yes, he / she / it + was.; No, he / she / it + wasn’t

Were + you / they / danh từ số nhiều + V-ing ….?

Yes, I was.; Yes, we / they were.; / No, I wasn’t ; No, we / they were

Lưu ý : thông thường đổi từ thế khẳng định sang thể nghi vấn chủ ngữ là “I / We” thì đổi thành

“You”

* Cách dùng:

a Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ

VD: I was learning English at 8 o’clock last night

They were watching TV at 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon

b Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác xen vào

When + S + V (past simple) , S + was / were + V-ing ….

While + S + was / were + V-ing…, S + V (past simple) …

VD: When Tom arived, we were having dinner

While I was having a shower, the phone rang

c Diễn tả 2 hành động cùng song song xảy ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ

S + was / were + V-ing … while S + was / were + V-ing … While S + was / were + V-ing …, S + was / were + V-ing…

VD: While I was reading a newspapaer, Lan was doing her homework

They were playing soccer while we were playing table tennis

8 Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Ex: After John had washed his clothes, he began to study.

George had waited for one hour before the bus came

• BEFORE quá khứ đơn, quá khứ hoàn thành

• AFTER quá khứ hoàn thành, quá khứ đơn

• Quá khứ hoàn thành BEFORE quá khứ đơn

• Quá khứ đơn AFTER quá khứ hoàn thành

Ví dụ:

When David was young, he used to swim once a day ( Thói quen trong quá khứ)

Chuyển sang câu nghi vấn:

Did + Subject + use to + Verb

= Used + Subject + to + verb

Ví dụ:

When David was young, did he use to swim once a day?

used he to swim once a day?

Câu phủ định:

Subject + didn’t + use to + Verb

= Subject + used not to + verb

Ví dụ:

When David was young, he didn’t use to swim once a day

he used not to swim once a day

1.2 get / be used to.

BE / GET USED TO + VING ( trở nên quen với) (noun)

Lưu ý: Trong công thức (*) có thể thay used to = Would nhưng dễ nhầm lẫn.

(*)

III Câu mong ước: được dùng khi người nói mong ước điều trái ngược với thực tế.

* Mong ước ở hiện tại:

S (1) + wish / wishes + S (2) + V(past simple) …

Lưu ý: “Tobe” chỉ dùng dạng “Were”

VD: I don’t have enough time to finish my exam

I wish I had enough time to finish my exam

* Mong ước trong tương lai:

S(1) + wish / wishes + S (2) + would / could + V …

VD: She will not tell me

I wish she would tell me

* Mong ước trong quá khứ:

S (1) + wish / wishes + S (2) + V (past perfect) ….

VD: Lan wishes she had reviewed her lessons carefully before the exam

Exercise: Supply the correct tense for the verbs in brackets

1 It (be) always hot in summer in Hue

2 We (not go) to the cinema last night because we (be) busy

3 Smoking (be) bad for your health

4 Hoang (practise) speaking English every day

5 Lan (not have) a health examination last month

6 We (not have) classes tomorrow

7 Look! The children (not do) their homework They (sleep)

8 Kim usually (go) to school by bike But today she (walk) to school

9 Last week the doctor (fill) a cavity in my eighth tooth

10 Next month, my English teacher (go) to England

11 My brother (buy) …………me a new watch on my last birthday

12 We (not go) …………to the cinema last night because we (be) …………busy

13 Tom (watch) …………TV every night Yesterday he (watch) …………it in the afternoon because there (be) …………an exciting football match on TV

14 We (not have) classes tomorrow

15 Would you like (see) a movie?

16 What you (do) last weekend?

17 She (not watch) television every night

18 This medicine will make you (feel) better

19 John (go) to the store before he (go) home

20 Jeannette (wash) the pipettes after she (complete) the experiment

21 She never (stay) …… up late at night.

22 My mother (plant) ……… flowers in the garden at the moment

23 Why … ….you (leave) ………… the party early last night?

24 Minh (go) ……… ……….to the dentist tomorrow morning

25 You should (go) …….….to bed early

Exercise: Sentence transformation

1 My wife can’t speak French

4 I’m not a millionaire.

Exercise: Choose the best answer:

1 My students ………uniform on Sunday

2 We ……… each other for two years

3 Listen! The birds ………

4 My father ………… me to the park once a week

5 The children ……….football in the school yard at the moment

A playing B are playing C to play D is playing

6 Lan is in her room now She ………a letter

A writes B is writing C is writing D is writes

7 Jack……… no trouble with his English lesson up to now

8 At present, that author ……….a historical novel

A are writing B is writing C is writing D is writes

9 Yes, I ………that other fellow’s name now

A am remembering B remember C remembered D remembers

10 Rober………….for you since noon

A has waited B waits C is waiting D have waited

11 I hope that you………….our wedding

A attend B will attend C attended D attends

12 I’m going to bed I ………….for hours and I’m tired

13 The bees ……….come out of the hivesince six o’clock

14 When I see Barbara in the street, she always ………at me

A smiled B has smiled C was smiling D smiles

15 “You are late”, he said “I think the bus………already”

16 She often ………….thatshe could ride a bicycle

17 Malee………at Train Udom at present

A studies B is studying C are studyingD has studies

18 He ……….for the money since last Friday

19 “Don’t cook a meal for me”, He said”I’ve already………”

20 He’s been in Bangkok……

A for two weeks B since two weeks C in two weeks D two weeks ago

21 He ………….to his wife an hour ago

22 Harry is working at a bank…………

A at the moment B since last year C a year ago D for a year

23 After having lunch he………to his room to have a short rest yesterday

24 It’s an hour since he ………so he must be at the office now

25 A clock …… you the time

A tells B told C is telling D has told

26 She hasn’t written to me…………

27 He………doing the crossword puzzle in the newspaper every day

A likes B liked C is liking D has liked

28 The eggs ……….taken to the market once a week

29 This is the first time I …… this kind of food

30 Look! A man …………after the bus He ………… to catch it

A is running/ is wanting B is running/ wants C is running/ want D runs/ wants

31 My children ……….to the zoo every weekend

32 It’s ages since Tom …………us

A has visited B visited C visits D is visited

33 Ann ……… tea vry often

A.doesn’t drink B don’t drink C didn’t drink D hasn’t drink

34 I ……… my son the money for that last week

35 I …… lots about the job so far

A have learnt B am learning C had learnt D learnt

36 Bad driving often …………many accidents

37 ………….a car when they were living in London in 1990?

A Have they B Did they have C Were they having D Have they had

38 Ted……….me for weeks

A hasn’t phoned B didn’t phone C isn’t phoning D phone

39 My brother has enjoyed swimming since he ……… young

40 The boys …….football in the field every evening but yesterday they ……….basketball instead

A played/ played B played/ play C play/ playedD play/ play

41 Hurry up, Jane! We all ………for you.

42 I can’t go with you because I …… my lessons yet

A didn’t finish B am not finishing C don’t finish D haven’t finished

43 He …………for Canada two years ago and I ………….him since

A left/ didn’t see B has left/ didn’t see C left / don’t see D.left / haven’t seen

44 I…….Nick lately

Ye, he ……… into an accident 3 weeks ago Since that time he ……….in hospital

A didn’t see/got/was B haven’t see/got/wasC haven’t see/got/ has been

D haven’t seen / has got/ has been

45 It………….this week

A rained B has rained C was raining D has been having

46 The rain ………….but a strong wind is still blowing

A stops B has stopped C stopped D is stopping

47.Look! That man ……….to open the door of your car

48 Patricia………….now Please do not disturb her

49 A child can ……… easily

50 I haven’t seen much of you lately We …… three months ago

51 She …………at the door before she entered the office

52 The boy………when the explosion occurred

53 ………….everything already? Yes, he ………his part of work long ago

A Has he done B Did he do/has done C Has he done/ did D Did he do/ did

54 She ……….this exercise yesterday at 8 o’clock

55 I………the article when I come home

A translate B will translate C translated D was translating

56 Her brother …………in Canada at the moment

57 I………you for ages

A didn’t meet B wasn’t meeting C has met D haven’t met

58 We will have supper when you ……… home

A return B returned C have returned D were returning

59 The library ……before I got there

60.The Olympic Games………….every four years

A take place B took place C is taking place D will take place

61 She ………very angry when she knows this

62 They ………….to build a new McDonalds in several days

A will start B have started C started D starts

63 last night, I …………a motorbike along a busy street in the center when I saw some strangers.

64 I …… swim in this river when I was young

65 When you ……the car, you’ll agree with me about it

66 When I was young, I …… to be a singer

67 Ted and Tomy …………in New York for a week

68 Sorry, I can’t stop now I’m going …………the doctor

69 The books, an English dictionary and a chemistry text, ……… on the shelf yesterday

70 Have you ever…………any skiing?

71 They ………….that bridge when I was there last year, they haven’t finished it

A are building B built C was building D were building

72 I ………… about you a lot lately and I have come to the conclusion that I won’t be able to live without you

73 They ………….only 25 new students into the department in 1994

A admit B were admit C admitted D have admiited

74 The Ajax Shoe Company………25 new men next month

A employs B employed C will employ D employ

75 He ………to the theater three times this month

76 He………… the experiment when the lights went out

77 Think carefully I’m sure you……….his name

A remember B remembered C will remember D shall remember

78 last night we were watching television when the power …………

A failed B was failing C had failed D failing

79 The noise from the trains ……….me terribly last night

80 We …….for three hours and are very tired

81 “Good afternoon Can I help you?” Yes, I……….my watch to you for repair three weeks ago Is it ready yet?

A bring B will bring C brought D have brought

82 He had a bad fall while he ……… his roof

A was repairing B repaired C repairs D will repair

83 The food in the microwave oven………… ready to be served now

84 Mary will finish the work when her father ………

A returns B will return C returned D was returning

85 My brother…………in Vietnam and he ……… home once a year

A work/returns B work/return C works/returns D works/return

86 The test ……… in ten minutes’time You must hurry

87 She kept looking at me while I ……….to the teacher

A were talking B was talking C talked D talking

88 His first article ……….in Le Monde in October 1928

A appears B appear C appeared D didn’t appeared

89 “Mother, I …….my medicine Can I go out now?”

A have taken B had taken C has taken D will have taken

90 Don’t ………all the time People willnot be fooled by you twice

91 The teacher ……….our class two tests so far

92 They ……….this film last week

93 I think he ………the letter

A answers B answering C will answer D is answer

94 They ……… bored with listening to classical musicnow

95 It is the first time I …… this place

A have visited B visited C will vist D had visited

96 I have just started English courses I ………… English grammar now

A study B studying D am studied D am studying

97 She ……….of great help to us since she ……… with us

A has been / has lived B has been/ lived C was/ has lived D was/lived

98 She used … me when she was in London

99 Dotors and scientists…… recently the benefit of fish in the diet

A have shown B show C are showingD had shown

100 I ………dinner at 6 o’clock yesterday evening

A cooked B is cooking C was cooing D have cooked

b Cấu trúc chung:

BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

c Quy tắc chuyển đổi câu chủ động sang câu bị động:

- Tân ngữ trong câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động

- BE được chia theo thì của động từ ở câu chủ động

- Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động làm tân ngữ của câu bị động và thêm giới từ by trước nó

Ex: The plane landed 1 hour ago.

Nếu động từ trong câu chủ động có 2 túc từ, khi chuyển sang bị động, ta lấy bất kì túc từ nào xuống làm chủ từ cũng được

Ex: He gave me a present.

Vị trí của trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và trạng từ chỉ thể cách trong câu chủ động

Một số lưu ý:

* Vị trí của trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian và thể cách trong câu bị động

S + { BE} + PP … + ( adv of place ) + (by + O) + (avd of time).

VD:Lan bought this hat in Ha Noi last month

⇒ This hat was bought in Ha Noi by Lan last month.

S + { BE } + ( adv of manner ) + PP + (by + O)

VD: Nam treats his dog badly

⇒ Nam’s dog is badly treated.

* By + them, people, everyone, someone, everything, me, you, him, her, us được lược bỏ trong câu

bị động

- Nếu chủ ngữ của câu chủ dộng là: No one Nobody : thì câu bị động ở thể phủ định

Ex:

1) Tom visited Mary yesterday

2) Hoa put the book on the shelf

3) They did that work slowly

Bỏ BY + O trong câu bị động khi nó có thể được hiểu ngầm, khi mơ hồ hoặc không quan trọng Ex: People speak English in many countries in the world.

Không được tách hoặc bỏ các phần tử của động từ kép (look up, take off, …) khi chuyển sang câu bị động

Ex: Dung looked after my son yesterday.

Nếu câu chủ động có hình thức: S + V + O + bare_inf (động từ nguyên mẫu không TO) khi chuyển sang câu bị động, nguyên mẫu không TO phải chuyển thành nguyên mẫu có to.

Ex: My father made me do that work.

 d Cấu trúc cụ thể của câu bị động ở các thì của động từ.Thể bị động với các thì thông dụng

Hiện tại đơnHiện tại tiếp diễnHiện tại hoàn thànhQuá khứ đơnQuá khứ tiếp diễnQuá khứ hoàn thànhTương lai đơnTương lai hoàn thành

S + am/is/are + PP + (by + O)

S + am/is/are + being + PP + (by + O)

S + has / have been + PP + (by + O)

S + was / were + PP + (by + O)

S + was / were + being + PP + (by + O)

S + had + been + PP + (by + O)

S + will / shall + be + PP + (by + O)

S + will / shall + have been + PP + (by + O)

* Thì hiện tại đơn giản:

→ The house is cleaned by Lan every day

* Thì qúa khứ đơn giản:

Active: S + V-ed / Cột 2 + O (by + O)

Passive: S + was / were + PP …

EX: Nam Cao wrote this book years ago

S V O

→ This book was written by Nam Cao years ago

* Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:

Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O

Passive: S + am / is / are + being + PP …/V-ed …(by + O)

Ex: My mother is planting some trees in the garden now

→ Some trees are being planted in the garden by my mother now

* Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:

Active: S + was/ were + V-ing +O

Passive:S + was / were + being + PP …/V-ed …(by + O)

Ex: She was decorating the room at 8 a.m last Sunday

→ The room was being decorated at 8 a.m last Sunday

* Thì tương lai gần :

Active: S + am / is / are + going to + V +O

Passive: S + am / is / are + going to be + PP …V-ed …(by + O)

Ex: He is going to whitewash the walls

.→ Thewalls are going to be whitewashed

* Thì tương lai đơn giản:

Active: S + will + V + O

Passive: S + will + be + PP …

Ex: They will build a cinema here next year

.→ A cinema will be built here nex year

* Thì hiện tại hoàn thành:

Active: S + have / has + V-PP …/V-ed

Passive: S + have / has + been + PP /V-ed ….…(by + O)

Ex: We have used this car for five years

→ This car has been used for five years

* Quá khứ hoàn thành

Active: S + had + V-PP …/V-ed + O

Passive: S + had been + PP /V-ed ….…(by + O)

Ex: She had typed the letter by 9 pm yesterday

.→ The letter had been typed by 9 pm yesterday

* Các động từ khuyết thiếu:

- S + should / may / might / can / could / must / ought to / would + be + PP …

- S + have to / has to + be + PP …(by + O)

Ex: We have to feed the p[igs every day

→ The pigs have to be fed every day

- S + Used to + be + PP …(by + O):

Ex: They used to call me “John”

→ I used to be called “John”

Các nội động từ (Động từ không yêu cầu 1 tân ngữ nào) không được dùng ở bị động

My leg hurts

Đặc biệt khi chủ ngữ chịu trách nhiệm chính của hành động cũng không được chuyển thành câu bị động

The US takes charge: Nước Mỹ nhận lãnh trách nhiệm

Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng by nhưng nếu là vật gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng with.

The bird was shot with the gun

The bird was shot by the hunter

Trong một số trường hợp to be/to get + P2 hoàn toàn không mang nghĩa bị động mà mang 2 nghĩa:

• Chỉ trạng thái, tình huống mà chủ ngữ đang gặp phải

Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone

He got lost in the maze of the town yesterday

• Chỉ việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy

The little boy gets dressed very quickly

- Could I give you a hand with these tires

- No thanks, I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts

Mọi sự biến đổi về thời và thể đều nhằm vào động từ to be, còn phân từ 2 giữ nguyên

to be made of: Được làm bằng (Đề cập đến chất liệu làm nên vật)

This table is made of wood

to be made from: Được làm ra từ (đề cập đến việc nguyên vật liệu bị biến đổi khỏi trạng thái ban

đầu để làm nên vật)

Paper is made from wood

to be made out of: Được làm bằng (đề cập đến quá trình làm ra vật)

This cake was made out of flour, butter, sugar, eggs and milk

to be made with: Được làm với (đề cập đến chỉ một trong số nhiều chất liệu làm nên vật)

This soup tastes good because it was made with a lot of spices

1 TO WANT TO DO ST => TO WANT ST TO BE DONE

Ex: The teacher wants us to answer all the questions

=>The teacher wants all the questions to be answered

2 TO EXPECT SB TO DO ST => TO EXPECT ST TO BE DONE

Ex: She expected them to finish all the exercises

=>All the exercises were expected to be finished

3 SB ADVISE/REQUEST/INVITE/BEG/URGE/ORDER/RECOMMEND… TO DO ST

=>SOMEONE +BE+ ADVISED/REQUESTED/INVITED/BEGGED/ URGED/RECOMMENDED… TO DO ST Ex: she invited us to come to her party

=> we were invited to come to her party

4 SB AGREE /ARRANGE /DETERMINE /DECIDE /ADVISE/ BEG/ URGE/ ORDER/ RECOMMEND/ ….TO

DO ST

=>SB AGREE / ARRANGE /DETERMINE /DECIDE/ ADVISE/BEG/ URGE/ORDER/ RECOMMEND/ THAT

ST SHOULD BE DONE

Ex: he decided to sell the house

=> he decided that the house should be sold

5 SB INSIST/ PROPOSE/ RECOMMEND/ SUGGEST/… + V_ing

=>SB INSIST/ PROPOSE/ RECOMMEND/ SUGGEST THAT ST SHOULD BE DONE

Ex: they advise giving up smoking

=> they advise that smoking should be given up

6 SB NEED TO DO ST => ST NEED V-ing/ ST NEED TO BE DONE

Ex: she needs to water the flowers

=> the flowers need watering/ The flowers need to be watered

7 SB THINK/ SAY/ REPORT/BELIEVE/ KNOW THAT SOMEONE DO ST/THAT ST + BE+ NOUN/ADJ

=>IT + BE+ THOUGHT/SAID/REPORTED/ BELIEVED/ KNOWN… THAT SOMEONE DO ST

=>ST + BE+ THOUGHT/SAID/REPORTED/ BELIEVED/ KNOWN… TO DO/TO BE + …

Ex: all of us think that she is the most intelligent girl in class

=>It is thought that she is the most intelligent girl in class

=>she is thought to be the most intelligent girl in class

8 SB MAKE/ LET/ SEE SOMEONE DO ST =>SOMEONE IS MADE/LET/ SEEN TO DO ST

EX: they let him know the truth

=>He is let to know the truth

9 TO HAVE SB DO ST/ TO GET SB TO DO ST =>TO HAVE ST DONE

EX: the teacher had his pupils bring all the chairs in

=>the teacher had all the chair brought in

10 IT + BE + YOUR DUTY TO DO ST =>YOU + BE+ SUPPOSED TO DO ST

EX: it is your duty to help him in his study

=>you are supposed to help him in his study

Sb + V + to + Vinf ==> Sb + V + tobe done

Sb + V + V_ing ==> Sb + V + being + done

===========================================

Bị /Thụ động cách là cách đặt câu trong đó chủ ngữ đứng vai bị động

@ Một số Trường hợp đặc biệt khác:

a Một số động từ đặc biệt: remember; want; try; like, hate

Ví dụ: I remember them taking me to the zoo (active)

I remember being taken to the zoo.(passive)

Ví dụ: She wants her sister to take some photogtaphs.(active)

She wants some photographs to be taken by her sister (passive)

Ví dụ: She likes her boyfriend telling the truth (action)

She likes being told the truth (passive)

@ Một số Trường hợp đặc biệt nguyên mẫu có TO: Suppose; see; make;

Ví dụ: You are supposed to learn English now (passive)

= It is your duty to learn English now (active)

= You should learn English now (active)

Ví dụ: His father makes him learn hard (active)

He is made to learn hard (passive)

Ví dụ: You should be working now.(active)

You are supposed to be working now.(passive)

Ví dụ: People believed that he was waiting for his friend (active).

He was believed to have been waiting for his friend.(passive)

Exercise1: Change the following sentences into the passive voice

1 The council has postponed the meeting

3 Citizens ought to obey the country’s law

The country’s law

4 My parents made me do it

• V: là những động từ như: SAY, THINK, BELIEVE, EXPECT, CONSIDER, RUMOUR

• S: thường là những từ như: PEOPLE, THEY, SOMEONE…

Ex: People say that he is a good doctor

=> It is said that he is a good doctor

=> He is said to be a good doctor

1 Nếu Vb là hiện tại hoặc tương lai: TO + INF…

Ex: People believe that she does that work very carefully.

She is believed to do that work very carefully

2 Nếu Vb là quá khứ hoặc hoàn thành: TO + HAVE + PP…

Ex: They think that he stole that bicycle yesterday.

He is thought to have stolen that bicycle yesterday.

Ex1: My parents are going to have my brother wash the clothes tomorrow

=> My brother is going to have the clothes washed my parents by tomorrow

Ex2: Did you get him to clean the floor yesterday?

Was he gotten the floor cleaned yesterday?

Ex3: I have him repair my bicyle yesterday

=> I had my bicyle repaired yesterday

Exercise3

1 I had my shoes polished

I had the boy

I got the boy

2 Tom is getting the newspaper brought to her

Tom is having someone

3 He has got his shirt washed

He has had someone

4 I asked someone to draw the plan for the living room

I had the plan

5 No one cleans the kitchen for us everyday

We don’t get

6 I have him repair my bicylce yesterday

I ………

Exercise 4:Change the following sentences into the passive voice

1 They can’t make tea with cold water

23 They pay designers a lot of money.

………

24 When did they decorate your kitchen ? ………

25 We have to test these products ………

26 Somebody was recording our conversations ………

27 How do people pronounce this word ? ………

28 They export bananas to Europe ………

Exercise 5:Change the following sentences into the passive voice :Yes – No questions: 1.Do they teach English here?………

2.Will you invite her to your wedding party?………

3.Did the teacher give some exercises?………

4.Is he going to write a poem?………

5.Have they changed the window of the laboratory?………

6.Is Tom making big cakes for the party?………

7.Must we finish the test before ten?………

8.Are the police making inquires about the thief?………

* Who + V + object ?

Passive: - By whom ?

- Who by ? Ex: Who wrote this novel ? Passive: - By whom was this novel written ? - Who was this novel written by ? d It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + PP Ex: It is important to finish this exercise It is important for this exercise to be finished e Bare-infinitive + object Passive: Let + object + be + PP S + be + allowed / advised/asked/ supposed/ + to infinitive Ex1: Please open the door -> Let the door be opened Ex2: Turn on the light -> You are supposed to turn on the light

Exercise 6:Change the following sentences into the passive voice : Wh-question: 1 When will you do the work? ………

2 How many days did she spend finishing the work? ………

3 Why didn’t they help him? ………

4 Who are they keeping in the kitchen? ………

5 Who did the police find the lost man? ………

6 Who looked after the children for you?………

• Imperative sentences: V + O…

→ Let + O + be + P II

Ex: Write your name here → Let your name be written here

S + Let + O (person) +V …

→ S + to be + let/ allowed +to V

Ex: He let me go out → I was let to go out

Exercise 7: Change the following sentences into the active voice : Sentences of imperative:

1 Open your book ………

2 Take off your hat!………

3 Don’t do that silly thing again!………

4 let’s tell them about it!………

5 Don’t let the other see you ………

1 Giới từ chỉ thời gian: at, on , in , from … to, for, by, after, between, till, until …

a At + một thời điểm cụ thể

VD: at night/ three o’clock in the afternoon

b In + tháng / năm / mùa

VD: In 1978 / June / summer

In + the morning / afternoon / evening

c On + ngày trong tuần / ngày tháng năm

VD : on Monday / January 4th, 2007

d From … to : từ … đến …

from + điểm thời gian + to + điểm thời gian

VD: We have classes from 7 o’clock to 11.15

e For + khoảng thời gian:

VD: for two hours , a week …

f By + một điểm thời gian: trước

VD: by five o’clock

g After + time:

VD: after breakfast / lunch / dinnet…

h Between + điểm thời gian + and + điểm thời gian: khoảng từ … đến …

Between + 2 sự kiện

i Till / Until + điểm thời gian: đến luc, đến khi

2 Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn:

a On:

* ở trên (chạm vào, sát vào, bao phủ hoặc tạo thành một phần của bề mặt.

VD: On the wall / grass / table

* ở ( một đại lộ, một con đường)

VD: on Tran Hung Dao Street

* ở trên / trong hoặc một phương tiện chuyên chở

VD: on the plane / train…

* trên / dựa trên

VD: on his back, on horse back …

III ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION

2 Adjective + of:

Afraid of: sợ , e ngại

Frightened of: sợ hãi

Terrified of: sợ hãi

Scared of:sợ hãi

Confident of: tin tưởng

3 Adjective + at:

- Good / bad/ excellent/ clever at (= giỏi / tốt / xuất sắc/ khéo léo về…)

- surprised/ astonished/ amazed/ shocked at (or by): kinh ngạc

- skilful at: có kỹ năng về

- late for: muộn

- dangerous for: nguy hiểm

- famous for / well-known for: nổi tiếng

- suitable for: phù hợp

- sorry for: xin lỗi

- helpful for / useful for: có lợi / có ích

- Necessary for: cần thiết

- grateful for st: biết ơn về

5 Adjective + with:

Fed up with/ bored with: chán

Satisfied with: hài lòng

Delighted with: phấn khởi

Disappointed with; thất vọng

Crowded/ overcrowded with: đông đúc

Covered with: bao phủ

Angry with: giận dữ

Contrasted with: tương phảnPopular with: phổ biếnFamiliar with: quen thuộc với aiPleased with:hài lòng

Furious with: phẫn nộBusy with: bậnFriendly; thân mậtAcquainted with: làm quen với

6 Adjective + in:

- interested in: thích, quan tâm về

- rich in: giàu về

- successful in:thành công

- confident in sb: tin cậy vào ai

7 Adjective + from:

- Absent from: vắng mặt

- different from: khác

- far from: xa

- safe from: an toàn

- Divorced from: ly dị, làm xa rời

8 Adjective + to:

Nice/kind/polite/ generous/ friendly/ unfriendly to

Harmful to: có hại

Similar to: tương tự

Be married/ engaged to sb (= thành hôn/ đính hôn)

Note: Nice/kind/polite/ generous of sb to do st

9 Adjective + on:

Keen on: + n/ V-ing: say mê

Dependent on + n/ V-ing: lệ thuộc

10 Một số trường hợp cần lưu ý:

- be tired of: chán

EX: I’m tired of doing the same work every day

- be tired from:mệt mỏi

Ex: I’m tired from walking for a long time

- be grateful to sb for st…:biết ơn ai về vấn đề gì

Ex: I’m grateful to you for your help

- be responsible to sb for st: chựu trách nhiệm với ai về việc gì

Ex: you have to be responsible to me for your actions

IV VERB + PREPOSITION

1 VERBS + FOR:

- apply for: xin việc

- ask for; yêu cầu

- Look for: tìm kiếm

- Thank for: cảm ơn

- leave for:dời để

- search: tìm kiếm

- pay for: trả tiền

- wait for: đợi

2 verbs + to:

- Belong to: thuộc về

- listen to: nghe

- happen to: xảy ra với

- write to: viết

Speak to: nói

- explain to;giải thích

- Apologize to: xin lỗi

- prefer to: thích hơn

- look at: /- glance at: liếc nhìn vào / - smile at: cuời / - laugh at;cuời / - Shout at: la lối

- Point at: chĩa /- aim: nhằm

- Look after + take care of: chăm sóc

- be/ get used to: quen

- suffer from; chựu đựng

- look up / for/ at/ forward to/ :

- put on/ off/: mặc/ hoãn lại

- blame sb for st: đỗ lỗi

- belong to: thuộc về

- congratulate sb on st: chúc mừng

- arrive at (station, bus, stop…) địa điểm nhỏ

- arrive in (London, Paris, Viet Nam ) địa điểm lớn

- turn into/ change into: hoá ra

- bring up: nuôi lớn

- agree with: đồng ý

- borrow st from sb; muợn

- participate in: tham gia

- Object to sb/ V-ing: phản đối

- call off: huỷ bỏ

- stand for: tượng trưng

- differ from: khác

- introduce to sb: giới thiệu

- escape from:thoát khỏi

- insist on: khăng khăng

- prevent from: ngăn chặn

- succeed in: thành công về

V PREPOSITION + NOUN:

1 ON

• On + thứ trong tuần/ ngàytrong tháng

Ví dụ: I will call you on Thursday His birthday is on February 3.

• On + a/the + phương tiện giao thông (bus/ plane/ train/ ship/ bike).

Ví dụ: It’s two late to see Jane; she’s already on the plane I came to school this morning on the bus.

• On a street : ở tại phố Ví dụ: I lives on 1 st Ngọc khánh.

• On + the + số thứ tự + floor: ở tầng thứ.

Ví dụ: My girlfriend lives on the fourth floor of an old building by my house.

• On time : đúng giờ (bất chấp hoàn cảnh bên ngoài)

Ví dụ: Despite the bad weather, our plane left on time.

• On the corner (of two street) : góc giữa 2 phố.

Ví dụ: My house is on the corner of Ngọc khánh street and Trộm cướp street.

On the corner at the corner in the corner

• On the sidewalk : trên vỉa hè.

Ví dụ: Don’t walk in the street, walk on the sidewalk.

• On the way : trên đường tới >< on the way back to: trên đường trở về.

Ví dụ: We can stop at the grocery store on the way to their house.

• On the right/ left : ở bên trái/ bên phải.

Ví dụ: Paul sits on the left side of the room and Dave sits on the right.

• On television/ (the) radio: trên truyền hình/ trên đài phát thanh.

Ví dụ: The president’s “State of the Union Address” will be on television and on the radio tonight.

• On the telephone (on the phone): nói trên điện thoại, gọi điện thoại, nhà có mắc điện thoại.

Ví dụ: Is your house on the telephone ? - nhà cậu có mắc điện thoại không?

Janet will be here soon; she is on the telephone.

• On the whole = in general : nói chung.

Ví dụ: On the whole, the rescue mission was well executed.

• On the other hand: tuy nhiên.

• on the one hand on the other hand : một mặt mặt khác.

Ví dụ: The present perfect aspect is never used to indicate a specific time; on the other hand, the simple past tense is.

• On sale 1- for sale : có bán, để bán.

2- bán hạ giá.

Ví dụ: The house will go on sale this weekend.

The regular price of the radio is $39.95, but today it’s on sale for $25.

• On foot: đi bộ.

Ví dụ: My car would not start so I came on foot.

* on fire: đang cháy

* On a diet: ăn kiêng

2 AT

at - ở tại (thường là bên ngoài, không xác định bằng in)

Ví dụ: Jane is at the bank.

• At + số nhà.

Ví dụ: George lives at 565 16 th Avenue.

• At + thời gian cụ thể.

Ví dụ: The class begin at 5:15.

• At + home/ school/ work : ở nhà/ ở trường/ đang làm việc.

Ví dụ: Charles is at work and his roommate is at school At night, they are usually at home.

• At + noon/ night: vào ban trưa/ vào ban đêm.

at noon (Mỹ) : đúng 12h trưa.

• At least : tối thiểu >< at most : tối đa.

Ví dụ: We will have to spend at least two weeks doing the experiments.

• At once : ngay lập tức.

Ví dụ: Please come home at once.

• At times : thi thoảng, đôi khi.

Ví dụ: At times, it is difficult to understand him because he speaks too fast.

• At present/ the moment = now + thời tiếp diễn

• At first : thoạt đầu >< at last : về sau.

Ví dụ: Jane was nervous at first, but later she felt more relaxed.

• At the beginning/ at the end of : ở đầu/ ở cuối ( dùng cho địa điểm/ thời gian).

3 Một số thành ngữ đặc biệt dùng với giới từ.

• On the beach: trên bãi biển

Ví dụ: We walked on the beach for several hours last night.

• In place of = instead of : thay cho, thay vì.

Ví dụ: Sam is going to the meeting in place of his brother, who has to work.

Lưu ý: In place of không thay thế được cho instead khi instead đi một mình đứng cuối câu.

Ví dụ: She was supposed to come this morning, but she went to the lab instead.

• In hopes of + Ving = hoping to + verb = hoping that + sentence.

Ví dụ: John called his brother in hopes of finding somebodyto watch his children.

• Of course : chắc chắn, tất nhiên

Ví dụ: If you study the material very thoroughly, you will have no trouble on the examination.

• Off and on : dai dẳng, tái hồi, từng chập một.

Ví dụ: It rained off and on all day yesterday.

• All of a sudden: bất thình lình.

Ví dụ: When we were walking through the woods, all of a sudden, we heard a strange sound.

• For good = for ever : vĩnh viễn, mãi mãi.

Ví dụ: Helen is leaving Chicago for good.

4 Out of (ra khỏi) >< into (di vào)

• be (run) out of + danh từ : hết, không còn.

• be out of town : đi vắng.

Mr Adams cannot see you this week because he is out of town.

• be out of date (cũ, lỗi thời) >< be up to date (mới, cập nhật, hợp thời)

Don’t use that dictionary It is out of date Find one that is up to date.

• be out of work : thất nghiệp.

I have been very unhappy since I have been out of work.

• be out of the question : không thể được.

Your request for an extension of credit is out of the question.

• be out of order: hỏng.

We had to use our neighbour’s telephone because ours was out of order.

• 5 BY

• Động từ chỉ chuyển động + by = đi ngang qua.

• Động từ tĩnh + by = ở gần, ở bên.

• by + thời gian cụ thể : trước lúc.

Ví dụ: We usually eat supper by six o’clock in the evening.

• By được dùng trong câu bị động để chỉ ra chủ thể gây hành động

Ví dụ: Romeo and Juliet was writen by William Shakespeare.

• By + phương tiện giao thông (bus/ plane/ train/ car/ ship/ bike).

Ví dụ: We traveled to Boston by train.

• By then : trước lúc đó.

Ví dụ: I will graduate from the university in 1997 By then, I hope to have found a job.

• By way of = via : theo đường.

Ví dụ: We are driving to Atlanta by way of Baton Rouge.

• By the way : 1- tình cờ.

Ví dụ: By the way, I’ve got two tickets for Saturday’s game Would you like to go with me?

2- nhân đây, tiện đây.

• By far + tính từ so sánh : (dùng để nhấn mạnh).

Ví dụ: This book is by far the best on the subject.

• By accident / by mistake : tình cờ >< on purpose (cố tình).

Ví dụ: Nobody will receive a check on Friday because the wrong cards were put into the computer by accident.

* by heart: học thuộc lòng

6.IN

In (ở trong, ở tại) - nghĩa xác định hơn at

• In a room/ building/ drawer/ closet : bên trong

Ví dụ: Your socks are in the drawer.

• In + năm/ tháng.

Ví dụ: His birthday is in April I will begen class in 1998.

• In time : đúng giờ -vừa vặn.

Ví dụ: We arrived at the airport in time to eat before the plane left.

• In the street: dưới lòng đường.

Ví dụ: The children were warned not to play in the street.

• In the morning / afternoon/ evening : vào buổi sáng/ buổi chiều/ buổi tối.

Ví dụ: I have a dental appointment in the morning, but I will be free in the afternoon.

• In the past/ future: trong quá khứ/ tương lai.

Ví dụ: In the past, attendance at school was not compulsory, but it is today.

• In future : từ nay trở đi.

Ví dụ: I will spend much time on learning English in future because the TOEFL test is coming.

• In the beginning/ end : thoạt đầu/ rốt cuộc = at first/ at last.

Ví dụ: Everyone seemed unfriendly in the beginning but in the end everyone made friends.

• In the way : chắn ngang lối, đỗ ngay lối.

Ví dụ: He could not park his car in the driveway because another car was in the way.

• Once in a while : thỉnh thoảng, đôi khi.

Ví dụ: Once in a while, we eat dinner at Chiness restaurant.

• In no time at all: trong nháy mắt, trong 1 thoáng.

Ví dụ: George finishes his assignment in no time at all.

• In the meantime = meanwhile : trong lúc đó.

Ví dụ: We start school in several weeks, but in the meantime, we can take a trip.

• In the middle : ở giữa (địa điểm).

Ví dụ: Grace stood in the middle of the room looking for her friend.

• In the army/ air force/ navy Trong quân đội/ trong không lực/ trong hải quân.

• In the + số thứ tự + row : ở hàng ghế thứ.

Ví dụ: We are going to sit in the fifteen row of the auditorium.

• In the event that : trong trường hợp.

Ví dụ: In the event that you win the prize, you will be notified by mail.

• In case : để phòng khi, để ngộ nhỡ.

Ví dụ: I will give you the key to the house so you will have it in case I arrive a little late.

• Be/ get in touch/ contact with : tiếp xúc, liên lạc, gặp gỡ với ai.

Ví dụ: It’s very difficult to get in touch with Jenny because she works all day.

• In fact: = actually: thực ra

• In general: nói chung

• In meantime: đồng thời

BÀI TẬP:

I Fill in each gap with a suitable preposition.

1 Maryam was really impressed the beauty of Hue

2 It seems difficult me to meet her now

3 He doesn't depend his parents

4 If you have any trouble, ask help

5 This guidebook is full useful information

6 We still keep in touch each other although we live away each other.

7 He will go to China the end this week

8 She went out saying a word

9 What do you often do the weekends?

10 She was born September 15th

11 Don’t laugh ……… her or she’ll get angry

12 It’s very difficult to find work _the moment

13 In many ways you take _your mother

14 Parents are naturally anxious their children

15 I’m sure you will succeed this entrance test

16 We try to prevent people _littering.

17 I’m going to complain to the principal this

18 This computer is still _guarantee

19 Money is not essential _happiness

20 She is far the best teacher I have ever had

21 - Where's your father?

- He's work

22 We're talking to Lan's family

23 A farmer works hard morning night

24 My mother is a teacher She works a primary school

25 Mr Tuan is a journalist He writes " Nhan Dan"

26 I found a place us to live in Hue

27 It is the highest building the city center

28 Bob and I come the same town but my accent is different his

29 At present John is staying his brother's family the city center , very far

his parents

30 Do you know the name the new student our class ?

31 I was born January 1st, 1993

32 It often rains October in Vietnam

33 What are you going to do 2004?

34 I don't know but I am going to go to college September this year

35 You want to watch the sky sunset?

36 Sure And I like to go for a walk sunrise, too

37 Well, let's go for a walk the weekends

38 I don't know what is he doing this moment

39 She often hears some strange noise midnight

40 Does it rain Spring ?

41 How long are you going to stay here?

- I can speak English fluently

42 We'll know the result of the exam three weeks

43 Robert is going to stop work next February

44 You can meet me 7.15 and 8.00

45 Does your brother really enjoy working night?

46 - Is the conference a weekday?

47 We’re always proud _ your success

48 His breakfast consists dry bread and a cup of tea

49 Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? – It depends the weather

50 The park was named _ a young hero, Le Van Tam

51 In the 18th century jean cloth was made completely _ cotton

52 Children’s shoes usually wear very quickly

53 The price of oil has gone by over 30%

54 Vietnamese women today often wear modern clothing _ work, because it’s more convenient

56 We can see many stars the sky at night

57 You remind me my sister

58 They have only been there a few minutes

59 The canoe overturned and everyone fell the deep water.

60 How going to Ben Thanh Market this afternoon?

61 I couldn’t meet Mrs Chi because she's

62 I'll come to pick her at 8 o'clock

63 They named their daughter their favorite singers

64 The passage is written English

65 Whom does she fall …… love………?

66 Why are you always jealous ……….the disabled?

67 He is just getting ………….his severe illness

68 He complained ……… the children …………the mess they've made

69 My parents first went ………Greek…………a short holiday ………2003

70 Measuring money must be very difficult to carry ……

71 In this respect, French differs…… English

72 I'll come …… to pick her up at 8 o'clock

73 The passage is written …… English

74 Mr Duc Thanh is thinking of exporting rice …… India

75 As I was coming out of the room, I collided …… somebody who was coming in

76 The people next door are furious …… us …… making so much noise last night

77 When I realized I was wrong I apologized …… them …… my mistake

78 She works quite hard You can’t accuse her …… being lazy

79 It’s stupid …… her to go out without a coat in such cold weather

80 I was absent ……… class yesterday

II.Choose the best answer A, B, C or D:

1 Malaysia is divided two regions

8.It seems very dificult … to have a trip abroad

10 It was very impolite … him to shout at the meeting

11.Lan always walks to school She goes to school …

12.When I first started playing tennis, it was … fun

13.Did he … live in the country when you was young?

14.It’s very kind … you to help us Thanks a lot.

19.He was a tennis player when he was young He … tennis when he was young

22 I am very proud my school

23 .He laughs a lot because her funny face

.24 Lan used to walk the mosque her way to primary school

25 It seems very difficult for me to have a trip abroad It all depends my parents.Any way we’ll keep touch

27 It’s very cold………… night……….the moon

28 Thuy's grandmother turned the television _ to see the weather forecast

29 What are the main differences the two cities?

30 Remember ………… the door before you leave

A to lock B lock C locked D locking

31 She has come here ………… yesterday

A in B since C for D on

32 Lan didn’t come to the party because she had to look…… her younger brother

33 Mrs Hoa will stay in London Monday Friday

A between – to B from – to C on – until D on - to

34 It doesn’t rain the dry season

37 I was brought……….in the countryside by my aunt after my parents had pass …………

A on/over B for/ on C on / off D up / away

38 What is your daughter named ……… ? – A kind of flower

42 Where is Jimmy? – He is ………work He is busy …………his monthly report

A on/ for B in/ about C to / through D at / with

43 Mary doesn’t mind living……….her own

44 While studying he was finacially dependent……….his parents

45 Please don’t enter ………knocking

46 It was very ……of you to invite me to your birthday party

A Due to industrialization, we have to cope……… The fact that many species are

………….danger ………….extinction

A on/ at/ for B at / upon / over C for/ on/ with D with/ in / of

47 Boys! Put your toys…………it is time to go to bed Don’t stay…late

48 She intended to quit her job to stay……home and look………her sick mother

49 He is very worried …………his new job because he is not quite prepared ……….working

A on/ over B to / off C about / for D in / at

50 The students are very………….of doing a lot of homework

51 Are you …… about your examination?

52 We are very ……with the result of the football match

53 Some people are very ………… of traveling by air

A worried B excited C afraid D interested

54 While I am waiting…… my bus, I often listen ……….music

A on / at B for / to C toward/ about D upon/ in

55 The final examination will be held ……… June 12th , 2009

61 The hurrican took several days to blow itself …………

62 It was the biggest eruption of Vesuvius ………some years

63 On Passover, Jewish people celebrate freedom ………… slavery

69 He saw that film ………….7.00 pm ………….Sunday

70 The whole family showed …………for our anniversary celebration

77 Look at that sign It says, “Keep …………No trespassing”

78 Can you turn the volume ……….a little? I can’t hear it very clearly

81 Many accidents are brought………….by carelessness

82 Let’s Concentrate………….solving this problem

A on B at C in D since

85 Never put…………till tomorrow what you can do today

86 Thanks …………the financial aid he received, he was able to attend the university

94 Her electricity was cut…………when she didn’t pay her bill

95 People nowadays are interested ………saving money and natural resources

96 Poisonous gases are pumped …………the atmosphere every day

97 My shoes are dirty I’d better take them ……….before I come in

98 If you go………doing that and you’ll end…… in serious troble

99 They are trying to save the animals ………….extinction

100 They didn’t see each other again ……….the fall

BUỔI 3:

REPORTED SPEECH + TAG QUESTIONS

I REPORTED SPEECH (Lời nói gián tiếp)

LỜI NÓI TRỰC VÀ GIÁN TIẾP (Dicrect and Indirect Speeches)

1 Giới thiệu: Trong câu trực tiếp thông tin đi thẳng từ người thứ nhất sang người thứ hai (người

thứ nhất nói trực tiếp với người thứ hai)Trong lời nói trực tiếp, chúng ta ghi lại chính xác những từ, ngữ của người nói dùng Lời nói trực tiếp thường được thể hiện bởi: các dấu ngoặc kép " " - tức là lời nói đó được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép

Ví dụ: 1- He said, “I learn English”

2- "I love you," she said

• Trong câu gián tiếp, thông tin đi từ người thứ nhất qua người thứ hai đến người thứ ba Khi

đó câu có biến đổi về mặt ngữ pháp

He said he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before

- Nếu động từ chính ở hiện tại đơn, thì hiện tại hoàn thành, hoặc tương lai đơn thì trong lời nói trích dẫn ta không đổi thì của động từ, chỉ đổi đại từ

Ex: 1 The farmer says, “I hope it will rain tomorrow”

= The farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow

2 She has said, “I’m tired now.” = She has said (that) she had lost his umbrella

Notes: - Nếu động từ tường thuật là “say”, “tell + O” thì ta thường bỏ “that” trong câu gián tiếp

- Nếu động từ tường thuật là “complain, explain, point out… ” ta phải giữ lại “that”

2 Những thay đổi trong lời nói Trực và Gián tiếp:

2.1 Đổi thì của câu:

Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi về quá khứ (các thì xuống cấp):

Thì trong Lời nói trực tiếp Thì trong Lời nói gián tiếp

- Hiện tại đơn

- Hiện tại tiếp diễn

- Hiện tại hoàn thành

- Hiện tại hoàn thành TD

- Quá khứ hoàn thành (không đổi)

- Tương lai trong quá khứ

- Tương lai TD trong quá khứ

- Was/were going to do

a Thay đổi Đại từ

Các đại từ nhân xưng và đại sở hữu khi chuyển từ lời nóitr ực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi như bảng sau:

ĐẠI TỪ CHỨC NĂNG TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP

ours theirsyours theirs

Ngoài quy tắc chung về các thay đổi ở đại từ được nêu trên đây, người học cần chú ý đến các thay đổi khác liên quan đến vị trí tương đối của người đóng vai trò thuật lại trong các ví dụ sau đây:

Ví dụ: Jane, "Tom, you should listen to me."

+ Jane tự thuật lại lời của mình:

I told Tom that he should listen to me.

+ Người khác thuật lại lời nói của Jane

Jane told Tom that he should listen to her

+ Người khác thuật lại cho Tom nghe:

Jane told you that he should listen to her.

+ Tom thuật lại lời nói của Jane

Jane told me that I should listen to her.

b Các thay đổi ở trạng từ không gian và thời gian:

In two day’s time / two days after The day before / the previous day Two day before

The following week The previous week / the week before The previous year / the year before

Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: "I saw the school-boy here in this room today."

Gián tiếp: She said that she had seen the school-boy there in that room that day.

Trực tiếp: "I will read these letters now."

Gián tiếp: She said that she would read those letters then.

Ngoài quy tắc chung trên dây, người học cần chớ rằng tình huống thật và thời gian khi hành động

được thuật lại đóng vai trò rất quan trọng trong khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp.

c Các trường hợp không đổi thời

– Sự thật, sự việc luôn luôn đúng:

“The earth moves round the sun” he said

–> He said that the earth moves round the sun

– Câu đ ều k ện loại II và III:

“if I were you, I would leave here” he said

–> He said that if he were me, he would leave there

Ex: He said, “If I had much money, I wouldn’t live here.” = He said if he had much money, he wouldn’t live there

– W i sh + past s mple/ past perfect :

“I wish I lived in Da Nang”, he said

–> He said he wished he lived in Da Nang

– Cấu trúc “it’s time somebody did something”:

“it’s time he woke up”, she said

–> She said it was time he woke up

– Would/ should/ ought to/ had better/ used to/might không chuyển:

“ You’d better work hard” he said

–> He said that I had better work hard

- Động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tại đơn (say/ says), hiện tại tiếp diễn (is/ are saying ), hiện tại hoàn thành (have/ has said) hoặc tương lai đơn (will say)

Ex: Tom says, ‘I’m tired’

–> Tom says (that) he’s tired

Has the taxi arrived yet? He was wondering

–>He was wondering if the taxi has arrived yet

- Động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định.

Ex: he said, “I was born in 1980.” = He said that he was born in 1980

d Các cách chuyển đổi cơ bản

A Say that + a statement –> agree (đồng ý), refuse (từ chối), offer (đề nghị), promise (hứa), threaten + the infinitive (dọa)

1)Say that + a statement –> agree (đồng ý):

Ex: “All right, I’ll help you” he said

–> He agreed to help me

2) refuse to + V :(từ chối):

“I will not / won’t + V….”

Ex: “ I won’t lend you my car.” She said

She refused to lend me her car

Ex: “ Oh, no, I won’t come to your party”, he said.

–> He refused to come to my party

3) offer + to + V: (đề nghị):

“Shall I + V….(for you)?

“Can I help you with…?”

“Would you like me to + V (for you)?”

“Let me + V + …”

Ex: “Let me give you a helping hand.” He said

He offered to give me a helping hand.

Ex: “I’ll look for the cat for you tomorrow if you like” he said.

–> He offered to look after the cat for me the next day if i liked

4)promise + to + V / not to + V (hứa): “I will + V… ”

Ex: “I’ll visit your parents when i arrive there”, he said

–> He promised to visit my parents when he arrived there

Ex: “ I will visit you.” She said –> She promised to visit me

5)threaten + to- infinitive (dọa): “If you don’t + V…., I will + V….”

Ex: “I’ll sell the TV set if you keep on watching it all day”, said the father

–> The father threatened to sell the TV set if he kept on watching it all day

Ex: “If you don’t give the money, I’ll kiss you.” The robber said.

The robber threatened to kill me if I didn’t give him the money

e Say that + a statement –> accuse …of (buộc tội), admit (thừa nhận), apologise for (xin lỗi), deny (từ chối), insist on + V-ing (khăng khăng)

1)accuse …of (buộc tội): S + accused + O +of + V-ing

Ex:“You stole the jewels” said the inspector –> The inspector accused her of stealing the jewels.Ex: “It’s you who broke my glasses” The woman said

–> The woman accused me of breaking/ having broken her glasses

2)admit (thừa nhận): S + admitted + V-ing……

Ex: “I know I’m wrong” He said –> he admitted being wrong

“I’ve made the wall dirty” said one student.–> One student admitted making the wall dirty

3).apologise for (xin lỗi): “sorry” : S + apologise (to + O) + for + V-ing….

Ex: “I’m sorry I’m late” she said.–> She apologized for being late.