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Classifications of English verbs1 Verbs 1/1 according toclassified Functions of items Lexical verbs Lexical verbs Auxiliary verbs... Classifications of English verbs1 Verbs 1/1 according

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E_English Grammar Course

Unit 5 Lecture 5 Verb & its complements

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1 Different classifications of English verbs

2 Grammatical categories of the verb

3 Intensive complementation

4 Monotransitive complementation

5 Ditransitive complementation

Issues

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Classifications of English verbs

1

Verb

1/1

according toclassified

Possibility of admitting progressive aspect

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1

Verbs

1/1

according toclassified Functions of items

Lexical verbs

Lexical verbs Auxiliary verbs

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1

Verbs

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Lexical verbs

RegularIrregular

E.g.: book, booked, booked E.g.: teach, taught, taught

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1

Verbs

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Lexical verbs

PrimaryModalMarginal

Marginal

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1

Verbs

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Lexical verbs

PrimaryModal

Marginal

• include: do, have, be

• change meaning when becoming a

full verb

E.g.: I am a student vs I am reading

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1

Verbs

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Lexical verbs

PrimaryModal

Marginal

• include:

Can – could May – Might Shall-should Will-would

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1

Verbs

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Lexical verbs

PrimaryModalMarginal

Marginal

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E.g.: be, appear, feel, look, remain, seem

E.g.: become, get, go, grow, turn, make

• connect S & C

• have the pattern:

SVC or SVA(obli)

E.g.: I feel tired.

He’s in the cab.

Extensive verbs

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Intensive verbs

• require no Object

• have the pattern: SV

• make complete sense themselves

E.g.: He’s singing.

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Intensive verbsMono-transitive

Di-transitiveComplex-transitive

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• require one direct Object (Od)

• have the pattern: SVOd E.g.: I kissed her.

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• require both direct Object (Od) & indirect Object (Oi)

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• require Object and Object Complement

(Co) or Obligatory Averbial (A(obli))

• have the pattern: SVOCo or SVOA(obli)

E.g.: He made me really crazy.

He sent his son to the kindergarten.

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Stative verbs Dynamic verbs

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Stative verbsVerbs of inert perception & recognition

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Relational verbs

• adore, astonish, believe, hate, hear, impress, know, like, etc.

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Dynamic verbsVerbs of body sensation

Activity verbsTransitional event verbsMomentary verbs

= verbs that show the action or the

change of status

E.g.: She learns English.

He hit me

She is English ( ‘is’ isn’t

dynamic verb because it denotes a

permanent status)

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Activities verbsTransitional event verbsMomentary verbs

• ache, hurt, itch, fell, etc

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• ask, eat, help, learn, say, throw, write etc

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• arrive, land, leave, lose, die etc

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• hit, jump, kick, knock, nod, tap etc

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• change, deteriorate, grow, mature, slow down etc

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Prepositional verbsPhrasal-prepositional verbs

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• make out, call up, put on, take off, give up, etc

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• look up, clear up, get at, etc

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• come up with, make up for, stand in for, put up with, etc

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Occurrence in independent clause √

E.g.: I am/ He is

a student

Being a

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Grammatical categories of verbs

progressive

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Perfective-Grammatical categories of verbs

2

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Tense = the correspondence between the form of the verb and

our concept of time

• language specific

• while TIME: universal, non-linguistic

• includes PAST and PRESENT

• no FUTURE TENSE because there’s no verb form corresponding to future time.

E.g.: She is studying now.

(verb form: ing-participle + present time: now

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2

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Aspect • the manner in which a verbal action is experienced or regarded

with respect to time

• progressive aspect: verbal action experienced as in progress

• perfective aspect: verbal action experienced as completed

E.g.: I am writing with a special pen (progressive aspect)

I have written with a special pen (perfective aspect)

• Tense & aspect are intermingled

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2

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AspectTense &

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2

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Mood = a grammatical category that relates the verb action to such

conditions such as certainty, obligation, necessity, possibility

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request, insist, suggest, ask, it is necessary that)

• Form: the base

• Aim: to be formal E.g.: The chairman demands that the farmer kill all his

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• Found in clause in certain set expressions

• Form: the base E.g.: May god bless you.

Long live the King.

God save the Queen.

Come what may, we’ll go ahead.

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Subjunctive mood

Mandative

Formulaic • Found in conditional & concessive clauses,

subordinate clauses after verbs like Wish and Suppose

• Form: WERE

• Meaning: hypothetical/unreal

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2

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Voice = a grammatical category that makes it possible to view

the action of a sentence in either of two ways, without change in the facts reported

• include: passive and active voice

E.g.: He ate all the apples (active) The dog was bitten by our neighbor (passive)

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E.g.: She is so crazy.

That is ridiculous!

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It appears the only solution.

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finite clause

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E.g.: The problem is not who will go

• “nominal relative clause”

E.g.: Quality is what counts most

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E.g.: All I did was hit him on the head.

• “to-infinitive clause” with(out) “Subject” (S)

E.g.: My wish is to be a pilot (without S)

The idea is for us to meet at 8 (with S)

• “-ing clause”

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Mono-transitive complementation

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Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Noun phrase

With passive

one-word verbsphrasal verbs

Without passive

Prepositional verbs

Phrasal prepositional verbs

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Without passive

Prepositional verbs

E.g.: Tom caught the ball.

The ball was caught by Tom.

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4

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With passive

Without passive

Prepositional verbs

E.g.: They passed over the question.

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Without passive

Prepositional verbs

E.g.: She has a nice house.

A house is had by her.

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4

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With passive

Without passive

Prepositional verbs

E.g.: The management paid for his air fares

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Without passive

Prepositional verbs

E.g.: He looked down on them.

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4

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Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause

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4

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Mono-transitive verb complementation by a Finite clause

E.g.: I don’t care what you are saying.

Tom doubted whether they would come to the party.

I wondered who did make the bed for me.

Can you confirm which flight we are taking?

I realized what a fool I had been.

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• introduce what one might generally describe

as factual or propositional information E.g.: They agree/admit/claim that she was misled.

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• imply intentions to bring about some change

in the future, whether or not these are verbally

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E.g.: I regret that she worry.

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E.g.: I wish that he were here.

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E.g.: I recommend that he be here.

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E.g.: I insist that he shouldn’t smoke.

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E.g.: I require that he give up smoking.

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To-infinitive clause

Ing-participle clause

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E.g.: I don’t like the house to be left empty.

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E.g.: I dislike him driving my car.

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E.g.: Mary longed to leave home.

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E.g.: Mary loves listening to music.

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E.g.: He learned how to sail a boat as a small child.

You must not forget when to keep your mouth shut.

I could not decide (on) which bicycle to buy.

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E.g.: He gave the girl a doll.

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E.g.: He persuaded me to give up smoking.

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• verbs combined with certain NPs followed by prepositions  two passive forms of the sentence

• these expressions include: catch sight of, make fun of, take account of, give way to, etc.

E.g.: They make best use of the garage.

The garage is made best use of.

Best use is made of the garage.

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• Od introduced by a preposition

• one passive form with Oi only

• these verbs include: remind of, charge with, compare to, rob of, refer to, etc.

E.g.: He reminds me of the agreement.

I am reminded of the agreement.

• Exceptions for: explain, provide, supply, blame, etc.

E.g.: He explained it to me.

It was explained to me.

I was explained about it.

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Complex-transitive complementation

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Complex-transitive verb complementation (SVOA - SVOC)

Adjectival Object Complement (Co)

Nominal CoAdverbialsTo-infinitiveBare-infinitiveIng-clause

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E.g.: He drives me crazy.

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E.g.: The Queen appointed William her personal secretary.

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• Adverbials are obligatory.

E.g.: Take your hands out of your pocket.

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E.g.: John believed the stranger to be a policeman.

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E.g.: You shouldn't let your family interfere with our plans.

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E.g.: Tim watched Bill mending the lamp.

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E.g.: They found him worn out by travel and exertion

Tiêu đề	Verb & its complements
Trường học	Not provided
Chuyên ngành	English Grammar
Thể loại	Lecture

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