CẨM NANG TIẾNG ANH THPT

Clauses and phrases of purpose : Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ mục đích.. Clauses and phrases of result : Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ kết quả.. Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ mục đích có thể đứng trước hoặc s

CẨM NANG ÔN TẬP THI TỐT NGHIỆP

Name :

1 Mất bao nhiêu thời gian để … : It + Takes / Took + Object +Time+

To Infinitive

S + spend / spent + time + V-ing

2.The extra object “It” : S + V + It + Adj / Noun / Noun Phrase +

To Infinitive

Verbs : think , made , find , feel , believe , consider , prove…

3 Clauses and phrases of purpose : Mệnh đề và cụm từ

chỉ mục đích.

@ Phrases of Purpose : cụm từ

3.1  Main clause + To / So as to / In order to + Verb ( bare infinitive )

3.2 Main clause + Not to / So as not to / In order not to + Verb ( bare

infinitive ) 3.3  Main clause + In order [ for + Object ]

+ ( not ) to infinitive ( Khác chủ ngữ )

@ Clauses of Purpose : mệnh đề can / could

3.4 Main clause + so that / in order that + S + (not)+Verb

(bare infinitive)

will / would

4 Clauses and phrases of result : Mệnh đề và cụm từ

chỉ kết quả

4.1 @ Clauses of result :

* S + V + So + Adj / Adv + That + Clause.( S+ can / could + (not) +Verb

( bare infinitive))

* S + V + Such + (A /An) + Adj + Noun + That + Clause.

4.2 @ Phrases of result :

* S + V + Too + Adj / Adv + ( For + Object ) + To Infinitive

* S + V + Adj / Adv + Enough + ( For + Object ) + To Infinitive

( Xem thêm phần bổ

1 Eg : She walks to school in thirty minutes It takes her thirty minutes to

walk to school.

 She spends thirty minutes walking to school

2 Eg : Translating into Vietnamese is a good method

I think It a good method to translate into Vietnamese.

3 Eg : 3.4@Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe

3.1 To keep people’s money safe , Banks are developed 3.4@The farmer built a high wall around the garden in order that the fruits would not be stolen

3.3 In order for the fruits not to be stolen , The farmer built a high wall

around the garden

3.2@My father drove carefully in order not to cause accidents

3.4 My father drove carefully so that he would not cause accidents.

Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ mục đích có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính

4 Eg : @The exercises were so difficult that the students can’t finish them.

 They were such difficult exercises that the students can’t finish

them

 The exercises were too difficult for the students to finish them

 The exercises were not easy enough for the students to finish them

@The tea was too hot for him to drink  The tea was so hot that he could not drink it.

 It was such hot tea that he could not drink it.

 The tea was not cold enough for him to drink.

5 Eg : 5.1 I can’t speak English fluently I wish I could speak

English fluently

xung trang 10 )

5 Wish Clauses :

Mệnh đề ao ước.

5.1 @Future wish : S + wish + S + would / could + Verb ( bare inf )

5.2 @ Present wish :

S + wish + S + were (not) / Verb(cột 2 / ed)/ didn’t verb (bare

infinitive).

5.3 @ Past wish : S + wish + S + Had (not) + Verb (pp).

6 Clauses and phrases of reason /concession : Mệnh đề&cụm từ chỉ lí

do/ sự nhượng bộ

 Because / although / though …  Because of / In spite of /

despite

6.1 S + be + adj Possessive + noun

6.2 The / possessive +N+ be + adj The / possessive + adj +

N

6.3 S + V (tenses ) + … ( Possessive ) + ( not ) +

V-ing

@Nếu 2 mệnh đề nối với nhau bằng “BUT” Khi viết lại câu với

Although / though , ta chỉ cần bỏ “BUT” rồi đưa although / though vào

mệnh đề đầu

( Xem thêm phần bổ

xung trang 9 )

7 Comparision of Adjectives and Adverbs : Câu

so sánh

7.1 @ Equal Comparisions :

S + V + as / so + adj / adv + as + noun / pronoun.

7.2 @ Unequal Comparisions : Short adj / adv + er

S + V + + than +

noun / pronoun

More + long adj / adv

7.3 @ Superlatives : Short adj / adv + EST

5.2 My friends don’t take part in the game I wish my friend took part in the game

5.3 I didn’t know that Alice was ill I wish I had known that Alice was ill

6 Eg :

6.1 Because he is lazy , he often gets bad marks  Because of his laziness , he often gets bad marks 6.2 Because the husbands were absent ,women went to work in factories Because of the absent husbands ,women went to work in factories Because of the husbands’ absence , women went to work in

factories

6.3 Although she didn’t ask him , he helped her

 In spite of her not asking him , he helped her.

@ It was raining heavily , but the boys were playing football

Although/though It was raining heavily,the boys were playing

football.

7 Eg : @Mary is certainly more intelligent than her sister

Mary’s sister is certainly not so intelligent as Mary / her.

@You don’t speak English as fluently as she She speaks English more fluently than you (do).

@Today is not sunny as yesterday Yesterday is sunnier than today.

@I know him better than you You don’t know him so well as me @Nobody in the team plays football so well as Tom.

Tom is the best football player in the team.

@The sooner you leave , the earlier you will arrive.

The hotter it is , the more miserable I feel.

Notes : 1 Good / well better  the best

2 Bad / badly worse  the worst

3 Many / much more  the most

4 Little less  the least

5 Far further/farther (KC)  the further/farther (KC)

S + V + the + + ( prepositional phrase

)

Most + long adj / adv

7.4 @ Double comparations: so sánh kép : Càng … càng

°The + short adj / adv + er + S + V , The + short adj / adv + er

+ S + V

°The more + long adj / adv + S + V , The more + long adj / adv +

S + V

8 Reported speech : Câu

tường thuật

8.1 @Commands :

(+) : S + asked / told + O + To Infinitive + O…

(_) : S + asked / told + O + Not to Infinitive …

8.2 @Statements : S + told / said to + O + S + V( lùi thì ) …

8.3 @Questions :

1° Yes / no questions : wanted to know

S + asked + O + If/Whether + S + V

( lùi thì ) …

wondered

2° Wh _ questions : wanted to know

S + asked / told + O + Wh+ S + V ( lùi thì ) …

wondered

Notes : Khi gặp câu đk loại 2 & 3 , câu có thời gian xác định cụ thể

không lùi thì

9 Đổi thì khi viết câu :

9.1 @ Started/Began+to inf/V-ing+time ago Has/have+V(3/ed)

+since/for+time

Has/have+been+V-ing+since/for+time.

9.2 @ S + has / have + not + V ( 3 / ed ) +(O)+ since / for + time.

 S + last + V ( 2 / ed ) + (O) + time ago.

8 Eg : 8.1 @“Hurry up , Lan”

He told Lan To hurry up.

8.1 @“Don’t leave the room”

He ordered them Not to leave the room.

8.1 @"Be modest if you are a good pupil”,said my father.

My father told me to be modest if I was a good pupil.

8.2 @"I ‘ll take these with me”,he said.

He said he would take those with him.

8.3 @"Did you phone me yesterday ?”Peter asked Mary.

Peter asked Mary If/Whether she had phoned her the day before /

the previous day.

8.3 @The teacher asked “Which book are you taking , John?”.

The teacher wanted to know which book John was taking Thay đổi trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian cho phù hợp.

 This  That  These  Those  Here  There  Now  Then  Today  That day  Ago  Before  Tonight  That night

 Yesterday  The day before / The previous day  Tomorrow  The day after / The following day  Next week  The week after / The following week

9 Eg : 9.1 I started studying English six years ago  I have

………

9.2 They have not gone on a picnic for many months  They last

………

9.3 She has never seen him before  It is the

………

9.2 The last time I met him was two weeks ago  I

………

9.4 I have never heard such a beatiful song before  This is

……… Trang 2

10 Eg: He gets up early in the morning and he is used to it

10.1  He is used to getting up in the morning.

Originally, tennis was an indoor game

 It ‘s + time + since + S + V ( 2 / ed ) + (O).

 The last time + S + V ( 2 / ed ) + (O) + was + time ago.

9.3 @ S + has / have + never / not + V ( 3 / ed ) + O + before

This is the first time + S + has / have + V ( 3 / ed ) + O.

9.4 @ S + has / have + never / not + V ( 3 / ed ) + such + ( a/an ) + N +

before

This is the first time + S + has / have + V ( 3 / ed ) + such + ( a/an )

+ N.

This / It is the most + long adj + N + S + has / have + ever + V ( 3

/ ed )

the short adj + EST + N + S + has / have + ever + V

( 3 / ed )

10 Các cấu trúc liên quan đến “USE” :

10.1 @Be used to / get used to + V-ing / Noun : Quen với

10.2 @Be used to + V (bare inf) / Be used for + V-ing : Được dùng để

10.3 @Used to + V (bare inf) : Đã từng

10.4 @Use sth up / Be used up : Sử dụng /

được sử dụng hết

10.5 @Use sth + To infinitive : Sử dụng để

11 Inversion : Cấu

trúc đảo ngữ.

Khi các trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định ( Seldom , Rarely , Never , No

sooner , Hardly , Not until , No longer … ) được đặt ở đầu câu Phải

đảo ngữ trợ từ

12 Subject and Verb agreement : Hòa hợp chủ

ngữ & động từ

12.1  Singular subjects  Singular verbs : chủ ngữ số ít  đ.từ

số ít

 Plural subjects  Plural verbs : chủ ngữ số nhiều 

đ.từ số nhiều

12.2 @ Chủ ngữ số ít :

10.3  Tennis used to be an indoor game.

English coversation in class

10.1  Those students are used to English coversation in class.

People use gold for guaranteeing the value of the paper money

10.2  Gold is used for guaranteeing the value of the paper money.

10.4  Some people believed that the world’s resources could be used up 10.5  We can use this knife to cut …

11 Eg : I seldom come there at night.

Seldom do I come there at night

People didn’t discover Aids until 1981

Not until 1981 did people discover Aids.

We have never seen such a wonderful sight before.

Never have we seen such a wonderful sight before.

She had not gone to bed until her father got home from work

Not until her father got home from work had she gone to bed.

12 Eg : 1 A box of cigarettes (contain) - 20 pipes.

2 There (be) - very few cultural activites here

3 My trousers (be) - too long

4 None of the students (finish) - the exam yet.

5 Physics (study) - mechanics,heat,light,sound and electricity

6 That you like the food I cook (encourage) - me very much

7 A number of the students (fail) - in the exam

8 The United States (have) - the population of 250 million

9 Collecting stamps (be) - my brother’s hobby

10 The singer , along with her manager (be) - going to the party tonight

11 Cattle (be) - allowed to graze on the village common

12 Two years (be) - a long time to be without a job

13 Neither his parents nor his teacher (be) - satisfied with his result

14 Three miles (be) - too much to run in a day

15 Writing letter (make) - her happy

16 “Romeo and Juliet” (be) - shown at Dong Khoi Cinema last

 Các danh từ chỉ : tiền , khoảng cách , thời gian , bệnh tật

( measles ,mumps ,rickets…) , môn học ( physics , mathematics , economics

, politics , statistics ,linguistics , athletics …) , danh từ riêng (Athens, the

Philippines, Wales , the United Nations , the United States, Brussels

…) ,tựa đề của sách/truyện ( TOM and JERRY ) ,các danh từ không đếm

được , V-ing / To infinitive phrases , mệnh đề , Each / every… / no… / one …

Động từ chia số ít : is , was , has , does not ,

V s/es

12.3 @ Chủ ngữ số nhiều :

 Các danh từ tận cùng bằng“S”(trừ những trường hợp trên ) :

clothes-trousers-jeans… , the+Adj (the deaf ,the rich , the poor …) , People / police / poultry

/ cattle / team / staff / chilren / women / public / audience … , Both / many /

several / few / some / a large number - a mount of …

Động từ chia số nhiều : are , were , have ,

do not , V (inf.)

12.4 @ Các trường hợp dùng từ nối :

 Either or

Neither + S 1 + nor + S 2 V depends on S 2

Not only but also

 S 1+ with / together with + S 2 V depends on S 1

as well as / along with

 S1 + in / on / of + S2 V depends on S 1

 A number of + Noun  Plural verb

The number of + Noun  Singular verb

 There + be + Noun  Be phụ thuộc

vào Noun

 All / some / none / plenty / half / most / the rest / a lot / lots + of +

Plural noun

 Plural verb

All / some / none / plenty / half / most / the rest / a lot / lots + of +

Singular noun

 Singular verb

13 Active and passive voice :

month.

17 Not only my brother but also my sisters (be) - here

18 Nobody (have) - cleaned the floor for months

19 The production of dyes,perfumes and explosives (have) - made a lot of progress

20 Every boy and girl in this room (know) - the answer

21 The news that I listened to on the radio last night (be) - very

interesting

13 Eg : @ People speak Enghish all over the world

 Enghish is spoken all over the world.

@ Is she making a new dress for her mother ?

 Is a new dress being made for her mother ?

@ The boys broke the window and took away some pictures

 The window was broken and somes pictures were taken away by

the boys @ You must clean the wall before you paint it

 The wall must be cleaned before it is painted

Eg: 13.1& 13.2 He can’t see anything > Nothing can be seen ( by him

)

Eg: 13.3 John gave me a present > I was given a present by John

> A present was given for me

by John

Eg: 13.4 Alice saw Ann last week > Ann was seen by Alice last

week.

Mr Smith found the boy in the park > The boy was found in the

park by Mr Smith.

Eg :13.5 Smoke filled the room > The room was filled with

smoke

Câu bị động

Tenses Active

1 Simple present

2 Simple past ° S + V(s/es) + O

° S + V( 2 / ed ) + O

° S + am / is / are + V( pp )

° S + was / were + V( pp )

3 Present

continuous

4 Past continuous

° S + AM / IS / ARE + V-ing

° S + WAS / WERE + V-ing

° S+Am/Is/Are + Being

+V( pp )

° S+Was/Were + Being

+V( pp )

5 Present/past

perfect

° S + HAS / HAVE +

V( pp )

HAD

° S+ Has / Have + Been+

V( pp )

Had

6 Modal verbs ° S + MODAL + V

( bare inf )

° S + MODAL + Be +V

( pp )

Modals : can,could,will,would,shall,should,may,might,must,used to,have

to,has to,had to…

13.1 Chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động

là :I,we,you,he,she,it,they,people,someone,somebody…

Khi đổi sang câu bị động là: by

me,us,you,him,her,it,them,people,somebody….thì bỏ đi.

13.2 Chủ ngữ câu chủ động là anybody , anyone , anything … khi đổi

sang câu bị động phải chuyển thành nobody , no one , nothing … và

chuyển động từ sang ngược thể

13.3 Nếu trong câu chủ động có 2 tân ngữ, một trong 2 tân ngữ có thể

làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động

13.4 By + O đứng trước trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và đứng sau trạng ngữ

chỉ nơi chốn trong câu bị động

13.5 Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật , sự việc thì dùng giới từ

“with” thay cho “by” trước tân ngữ đó

13.6  Dạng nhờ bảo ( Causative forms ) :

Active : S + have + O ( người ) + bare infinitive + O ( vật )

S + get + O ( người ) + to infinitive + O ( vật )

Passive :  S + have / get + O ( vật ) + V (pp) + by O (người)

Eg : 13.6 I had him repair my bicycle yesterday

> I had my bicycle repaired ( by

him ) yesterday.

Eg : 13.6 I get her to make some coffee > I get some coffee made ( by her

)

14 Eg : 1 I don’t know the reason She left school fot it.

 I don’t know the reason ( for Which ) ……… she left school

2 This is the house We often stay in this house in the summer.

 This is the house ( in WHICH ) ……… we often stay in the summer

3 Can you arrange the time ? We can have another discussion at that

time.

 Can you arrange the time ( at WHICH ) ……… we can have another discussion ?

4 The man is my father I respect his opinion best.

 The man ……… opinion I respect most is my father

5 The taxi driver is friendly He took me to yhe airport.

 The taxi driver ……… took me to the airport is friendly

6 Mary and Margaret are twins You met them yesterday

 Mary and Margaret , ……… you met yesterday , are twins

7 I look at the moon It was very bright that evening.

 I look at the moon ……… was very bright that evening

9 That is the man to ……… I spoke this morning

Trang 4

15 Eg :  If you are not careful , you will cut yourself with that knife  If I knew the answer , I would tell you

 If we had had a map , we would not have got lost

1  If you had learnt / learned hard , you wouldn’t have failed the

exam last year

 Had you learnt / learned hard , you wouldn’t have failed the exam

last year

2  If she does not water these trees , they will die

14 Relative clauses :

Mệnh đề liên hệ

14.1 @ WHO : used for people ( Subject )  WHO +

Verb

14.2 @ WHOM : used for people ( Object )  WHOM + S

+ Verb

him,her,them,you,us,me…

14.3 @ WHOSE : used to show possession  WHOSE +

Noun

his,her,their,your,our,my…

14.4 @ WHICH : used for things ( Subject / Object )  WHICH +

( S ) + Verb

14.5 @ WHERE : used to modify a place  At / In / On +

WHICH , there

14.6 @ WHEN : used to modify a noun of time  At / In / On +

WHICH , then

14.7 @ WHY : used to introduce a reason  The reason ,

for the reason

Notes :1 Nếu có các cụm từ : Neither of them ,All of them ,Some of them ,

Any of them …

 Neither of / All of / Some of / Any of … + which / whom

2 Chỉ sử dụng WHOM or WHICH sau các giới từ.

3 Không được dùng THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới

hạn.(có dấu phẩy )

15 Conditional clauses : If clauses Main clauses

 Real condition : Có

thật

S + V(s/es) / am,is,are S + will/shall/can/may (not) + V(bare

inf)

 Present unreal condition :

Không thật ở hiện tại

S + V(2/ed) / were(not) S + would/could/should/might (not) +

V(bare inf)

Didn’t + V(bare inf)

 Unless she waters these trees , they will die

If we had more rain , our crops would grow faster.

 Unless we had more rain , our crops would not grow faster.

3  Be calm , or you will make a wrong decision

 If you are not calm , you will make a wrong decision.

Without the sun , man would live in the darkness.

 If there were not the sun , man would live in the darkness.

 as if / as though : dường như

S + V + as if / as though + S + V2 hay

had +V3/ed

Ex: She talked as if she were my mother.

She talked as though she had just met a ghost

- give up: stop doing / having sth: ngưng, từ bỏ

- glance at sb/ sth: take a quick look at: liếc nhìn

- go away: đđi khỏi - go by : trôi qua ( time

)

- go off: nổ ( bomb ), bắn ( gun), reo ( clock ) - go on: continue : tiếp

tục

- go out: stop burning/ shining: tắt - grown up: become

an adult

- hold up : làm trở ngại - hurry up: làm nhanh

- invite sb to/ for sth: mời - jot down = note

down : ghi tom tat

- keep on = continue : tiep tuc - keep up : giữ vững

duy trì, tiếp tục

- laugh at sb/ sth: cười, trêu chọc, chế nhạo - leave somewhere for.

.: rời

- talk to / with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói, bàn, thảo luận

- throw sth at sb/ sth: ném, chọi vào - throw away: discard

vứt, ném, liệng

- throw sth to sb: chuyền - try out : test : thử

nghiệm

- turn down: giam, khong chap nhan - take off : cất cánh, cởi

ra

- turn off: switch off : tắt (đèn, quạt ), shut off

- turn on: switch on: mở (đèn, quạt ) - turn round: quay lại

- turn up : mo lon, đđến - wash up: wash the

dishes: rửa chén

 Past unreal condition : Không

thật ở quá khứ

S + had (not ) + V(3/ed) S + would/could/should/might (not) +

have + V(3/ed)

Notes : 1. Đối với câu điều kiện loại 2 (were) hoặc loại 3 ( had+V3/ed) ,

ta có thể đảo

ngữ và bỏ “IF”.

2  Unless = If … not : If clauses  Unless

Thể phủ định  khẳng định ( mệnh đề chính không đổi )

Thể khẳng định  khẳng định (đổi động từ trong mệnh đề chính

sang ngược thể )

3  V (bare inf) + O + or + Clause  If + Clause ( phủ

định ) , Clause

Clause + by + V-ing  If + Clause ( khẳng định ) ,

Clause

Without + N / N phrase ,Clause  If there be not + N / N

phrase ,Clause

16 Phrasal Verbs :

Cụm động từ

- apply to sb for sth: nộp đđơn đđến xin .

- ask sb for sth: hỏi xin ai/ yêu cầu ai về - take after: resemble:

trông giống như

- call back: gọi lại - call up : goi dien

- catch up ( with) :đđuổi kịp, bắt kịp - come up : xay ra,

phat sinh

- cool off: nguội lạnh đđi, giảm đđi ( nhiệt tình)

- discuss sth with sb = have a discussion about sth: thảo luận về

- drop in: ghe tham - explain sth to sb: giải

thích

- fall behind: bị tụt đđằng sau - fill in : đđiền vào ( mẫu

đđơn)

- fill up: do day - find out: discover

information

- get along (with): have a good relation ship with

- get in / on : enter a car/ taxi .buoc len - get over : recover :

bình phục

- watch out (for): be careful - write to sb: viết thư gởi

ai

- put on: dress yourself in sth: mặc vào - put off = call of :

postpone

- run into = come across : tinh co gap - speak up : nói to lên

- search sb/ sth for sb/ sth: khám, xét, tìm - sit down: ngồi xuống

- speak to/ with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói với ai về

 Lose track of :

………

 Give place to :

………

 Give way to :

………

 Put a stop to :

………

 Pay attention to :

………

 Put an end to :

………

 Lose touch with : ………

 Make room for : ………

 Make a fuss over / about :

………

 Make allowance for :

………

 Keep pace with : ………

 With To : acceptable , accustomed , agreable , contrary ,

harmful , kind , likely , lucky , open , pleasant, important , similar ……

+ TO

 With Of : afraid , ahead , aware , capable , confident , full…… +

OF

 With For : difficult , late , useful , perfect , available … + FOR  With About : sad , confused , serious … + ABOUT

19 Eg : 1 As time go - , my memory seems to get worse.

2 He went - the burglars

3 We are going - for a few days for the holiday

4 The price of petrol is going - because the cost of the exploitation is too high

5 Go - your composition carefully before you hand it in

6 The dog wanted to go - toward the fire

7 Despite the bad weather , the picnic will go -

- get off: leave a bus/ train buoc xuong - listen to sb/ sth: lắng

nghe

- get through (with): ket thuc - get up: thức dậy

- give back: tra lai - give in: nhượng bộ,

chịu thua

- lie down: nằm xuống( đđể nghỉ ngơi) - leave out : omit

- look after = take care of = to care for : chăm sóc, trông nom

- look out (for): be careful - look sth up: tra cứu

- make up : invent a story:bịa ra - make up of : chiem,

tao thanh

- make use of : su dung - pay back: tra lai

- pick up : nhat, don - point at/ to sb/ sth:

chỉ

- put away: dat cho khac - put back: dat tro lai

17 Verb + Noun phrase + Preposition :

 Catch sight of :

………

 Lose sight of :

………

 Make fun of :

………

 Make use of :

………

 Set fire to :

………

 Take account of :

………

 Take care of :

………

 Take notice of :

……….…

 Take advantage of :

………

 Take note of : ………

………

18 Prepositions following adjectives : Các giới từ theo

sau tính từ

 With At : clever , present , quick , skilful … + AT

 With With : acquainted , crowded , friendly , popular…

+WITH

 With In : interested , rich , successful…… + IN

 With From : absent , different , safe…… + FROM

19 Two – word verbs with “GO” :

 Go over : look at sth carefully , inspect sth

 Go out : stop burning , be extinguished

 Go on :  take place,happen  continue without

8 The gun went - by accident

9 The fire has gone - 10 The alarm clock went - at five o’lock

11 There was a power failure and all the lights went -

12 The bomb went - in a crowded street

13 Tom is a very studious pupil.He always goes - all his leson every day

14 Why don’t you go - working.The examination has drawn near

20 Examples :

 In 1994 , In the nineteenth century , In the morning , In the 1970s , In summer

, In November

 At 7.00 , At midnight , At Christmas , At Easter , At the weekend…

 On 19 July , On Monday , On Sunday evening , On my birthday , On

Christmas Day…

21. Eg : I have lived here for 2 years / since 1991.

Complete the phrases

with For or Since :

1984 two o’clock ten years then a long time Wednesday hours my birthday last week

22.2  “-S / -ES”:

a, We pronounce the final syllable as : “s” after / p , k , f , t , H / sounds Eg: tapes , cakes , froofs , pets , months …

b, we pronounce the final syllable as : “iz” after / z , dZ , S , tS , s , ks /

sounds

Eg: mazes-noses,oranges-bridges , dishes-crashes , matches-speches , buses-classes , taxes-boxes.

c, Another sounds , we pronounce the final syllable as :“z”

Eg: songs , tables , hands , lessons , dreams …

Exercises :

 continue speaking,after a short pause

 Go off : be fired , explode

 Go by : ( of time ) pass

 Go back : return

 Go away : leave a place

 Go along : progress,develop

 Go ahead :  be carried out , take place  begin to do sth without

hesitation

 Go after : chase or pursue somebody

 Go up : (of prices) become higher

 Go down : (of prices) become lower

20 Prepositions : In , At , On

 In is used with : years,centuries,parts of the

day,decades,seasons,months

 At is used with : times,holidays,weekends

 On is used with : dates,days of the week,special days

 No preposition is used with : Expressions with Ago , Tonight ,

This morning … , tomorrow , tomorrow morning … , yesterday , yesterday

morning … , last … , next …

21 Since & For :  Since + a point in time [ mốc thời gian ]

 For + a period of time [ khoảng thời gian ]

22 Pronunciation :

22.1  “-ED”:

a,When the verbs ends in /t / or /d / sounds,we pronounce the final

syllable as:“id”

Eg: needed , wanted , decided , posted , added , waited , included ,

provided …

b, After / s , S , tS , k , p , f, x / sounds , we pronounce the final

syllable as :“t”

Eg: stopped,cooked, missed , laughed , pushed , wacthed , packed ,

washed , boxed

c, Another sounds , we pronounce the final syllable as :“d”

 baths  windows  knocks  skirts

 names

 masses  pages  spoons  depths

 matches

 noises  bells  babies  thiefs

 potatoes

 Verbs followed by Gerund: Theo sau bởi động từ V-ing