BÀI tập đọc HIỂU TIẾNG ANH có đáp án

Anthropology, which is concerned with the study of human differences, was born after the Age of Discovery had opened up societies that had remained outside the technological civilization

BÀI TẬP ĐỌC HIỂU TIẾNG ANH

EXERCISE 1: MARK THE LETTER A, B, C OR D TO FILL IN THE BLANK

No one can say when sports began Since it is impossible to (1) _ a time when children did not spontaneously run races or wrestle, it is clear that children have always included sports in their play, but one can only speculate about the (2) _ of sports as autotelic physical contests for (3) _ Hunters are depicted in prehistoric art, but it cannot be known (4) _ the hunters pursued their prey in a mood of grim necessity or with the joyful abandon of sportsmen It is certain, (5) _, from the rich literary and iconographic evidence of all ancient civilizations that hunting soon became an end in itself at least for royalty and nobility Archaeological evidence also indicates that ball games were common among ancient people as (6) _ as the Chinese and the Aztecs If ball games were contests rather than (6) _ ritual performances, such as the Japanese football game Kemari, then they were sports in the most rigorously (7) _ sense That it cannot (8) _ be assumed that they were contests is clear from the evidence presented by Greek and Roman antiquity, which indicates that ball games had been for the most part playful pastimes (9) _ those recommended for healthy by the Greek physician Galen in the 2nd century AD

Question 1 A think B see C have D imagine

Question 2 A emergence B emerge C emergency D immersion

Question 3 A people B children C adults D society

Question 4 A when B whether C how D why

Question 5 A therefore B so C consequently D however

Question 6 A different B far C similar D old

Question 7 A competitive B competitively C noncompetitive D competition

Question 8 A definite B defined C definitive D definition

Question 9 A really B actually C usually D simply

Question 10 A as B like C alike D of

KEY

1 D 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 D 6 A 7 C 8 B 9 D 10 B

EXERCISE 2: CHOOSE CORRECT ANSWER TO EACH QUESTION

Etymologically, anthropology is the science of humans In fact, however, it is only once of the sciences of humans, bringing together those disciplines the common aims of which are to describe human beings and explain them on the basis of the biological and cultural characteristics

of the populations among which they are distributed and to emphasize, through time, the differences and variations of these populations The concept of race, on the one hand, and that

of culture, on the other, have received special attention; and although their meaning is still subject

to debate, these terms are doubtless the most common of those in the anthropologist’s vocabulary

Anthropology, which is concerned with the study of human differences, was born after the Age of Discovery had opened up societies that had remained outside the technological civilization of the modern West In fact, the field of research was at first restricted to those societies that had been given one unsatisfactory label after another “savage”, “primitive”, “tribal”, “traditional”, or even

“preliterate”, “prehistorical”, and so on What such societies had in common, above all, was being the most “different” or the most foreign to the anthropologist; and in the early phases of anthropology, the anthropologists were always European or North American The distance between the researcher and the object of his study has been a characteristic of anthropological research; it has been said of the anthropologists that he was the “astronomer of the sciences of man”

Anthropologists today study more than just primitive societies Their research extends not only to village communities, within modern societies but also to cities, even to industrial enterprises

Nevertheless, anthropology’s first field of research, and the one that perhaps remains the most

important, shaped its specific point of view with regard to the other sciences of man and defined its theme If, in particular, it is concerned with generalizing about patterns of human behaviour seen in all their dimensions and with achieving a total description of social and cultural phenomena, this is because anthropology has observed small-scale societies, which are simpler

or at least more homogeneous than modern societies and which change at a slower pace Thus they are easier to see whole

What has just been said refers especially to branch of anthropology concerned with the cultural characteristics of man? Anthropology has, in fact, gradually divided itself into two major sphres, the study of man’s biological characteristics and the study of his cultural characteristics The reasons for this split are manifold, one being the rejection of the initial mistakes regarding correlations between race and culture More generally speaking, the vast field of 19th century anthropology was subdivided into a series of increasingly specialized disciplines, using their own methods and techniques, that were given different labels according to national traditions

Question 1: According to the passage, anthropology is most likely defined as the study of

_

A one of the sciences of humans

B the biological and cultural characteristics of human beings

C the lives of people all over the world

D the distribution of human beings the world over

Question 2: Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage?

A Anthropology has been subdivided into specialized disciplines

B Anthropology gives special attention to the concept of race

C Anthropology is concerned with the study of human differences

D Anthropologists are agreed on the meaning of race and culture

Question 3: It is implied in the passage that the early anthropologists did research only on _

A large societies

B modern groups

C racial minorities

D civilized societies

Question 4: It can be inferred from the passage that anthropology was first developed in _

A Europe and North America

B some primitive societies

C some tribal societies

D some prehistoric societies

Question 5: Anthropologists of the early phases were regarded as the “astronomers of the sciences of man” because _

A they also studied the sun, the moon, stars, planets, etc

B they also studied our planets as the sciences of man

C they did not belong to the societies into which they did research

D they applied the sciences of man to astronomy

Question 6: According to the passage, modern anthropologists study _

A only primitive and tribal societies

B both communities and modern societies

C only modern industrial societies

D both primitive and modern societies

Question 7 : The phrase “first field of research” in paragraph 3 most likely refers to the study of

_

A modern societies

B primitive societies

C large societies

D industrial societies

Question 8: Small societies are preferable to anthropological research because they are

_

A simple, homogenous, and change slowly

B small, isolated, and easy to study

C ancient, exotic, and interesting

D similar to primitive societies

Question 9: It is mentioned in the passage that the split of anthropology into two major areas is

partly due to _

A more knowledge to be gained

B the development of the sciences of humans

C the interpretation of race and culture

D the development of modern anthropology

Question 10: It is mentioned in the passage that anthropology began to divided into various

disciplines in _

A prehistoric times

B the Age of Discovery

C the 20th century

D the 19th century

VOCABULARY

• generalize: khái quát hóa

• dimension: mặt, khía cạnh

• small-scale: phạm vi nhỏ

• homogeneous: đồng nhất, đồng đều

• primitive: nguyên thủy

• manifold: rất nhiều

• correlation: sự tương quan

• subdivide: chia nhỏ ra

• civilization: nền văn minh

• tribal: thuộc bộ lạc

KEY

1 B 2 D 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 D 7 B 8 A 9 C 10 D

EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE CORRECT ANSWER TO EACH QUESTION

It may seem as if the art of music by its nature would not lend itself to the exploration and expression of really characteristic of Romanticism, but that is not so True, music does not tell stories or paint pictures, but it stirs feeling and evokes moods, through both of which various kinds

of reality can be suggested or expressed It was in the rationalist 18th century that musicians rather mechanically attempted to reproduce stories and subjects in sound These literal renderings

naturally failed, and the Romanticists profited from the error Their discovery of new realms of

experience proved communicable in the first place because they were in touch with the spirit of renovation, particularly through poetry What Goethe meant to Beethoven and Berlioz and what German folk tales and contemporary lyricists meant to Weber, Schumann, and Schubert are familiar to all who are acquainted with the music of these men

There is, of course, no way to demonstrate that Beethoven’s Egmont music or, indeed, its overture

alone corresponds to Goethe’s drama and thereby enlarges the hearer’s consciousness of it; but

it cannot be accident or an aberration that the greatest composers the period employed the resources of their art for the creation of works expressly related to such lyrical and dramatic subjects Similarly, the love of nature stirred Beethoven, Weber and Berlioz, and here too the correspondence is felty and persuades the fit listener that his own experience is being expanded The words of the creators themselves record this new comprehensiveness Beethoven referred

to his activity of mingled of contemplation and composition as dichten, making a poem; and Berlioz tells in his Memoires of the impetus given to his genius by the music of Beethoven and Weber,

by the poetry of Goethe and Shakespeare, and not least by the spectacle of nature Nor did the public that ultimately understood their works gainsay their claims

It must be added that the Romantic musicians including Chopin, Mendelssohn, Glinka, and Liszt had at their disposal greatly improved instruments The beginning of the 19th century produced the modern piano, of greater range and dynamics than theretofore, and made all wind instruments more exact and powerful by the use of the keys and valves The modern full orchestra was the result Berlioz, whose classic treatise on instrumentation and orchestration helped to give it

definite form, was also the first to exploit its resources to the full, in the Symphonic fantastique of

1830 This work, besides its technical significance just mentioned, can also be regarded as uniting the characteristics of Romanticism in music, it is both lyrical and dramatic, and, although it makes use of a “story”, that use is not to describe the scenes but to connect them; its slow movement is

a “nature poem” in the Beethovenian manner; the second, fourth, and fifth movements include

“realistic” detail of the most vivid kind; and the opening one is an introspective reverie

Question 1: Music can suggest or express various kinds reality by _

A telling stories or minting pictures

B stirring feelings and evoking moods

C exploring and expressing reality

D depicting nature and reality

Question 2 : The word “error” in paragraph 1 refers to _

A the feelings and moods of the Romanticist musicians

B the exploration and expression of reality of Romanticism

C the works of the Romanticist musicians in the 18th century

D musicians’ mechanical reproduction of stories and subjects

Question 3: It is stated in the passage that the Romanticists were influenced by _

A the works of the rationalist musicians in the 18th century

B Goethe, German folk tales and contemporary

C the thoughts of Beethoven, Weber, and Berlioz

D the art of music by the rationalist musicians

Question 4: The word “accident” in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to _

A unplanned happening

B collision or similar incident

C unusual occurrence

D unpleasant event

Question 5: The passage indicates that the Romanticist composers were inspired not only by

lyrical and dramatic subjects but also by _

A the rationalists

B the creation of works

C the love of nature

D the poetry of Goethe

Question 6: It can be inferred from the passage that Berlioz were _

A a rationalist musician

B an English writer

C a composer and critic

D a German poet

Question 7: The Romantic musicians also made use of modern technologies such as _

A improved wind instruments

B powerful keys and valves

C greater range and dynamics

D instrumentation and orchestration

Question 8: Romanticism in music is characterized as being _

A exact and powerful

B realistic and vivid

C great and dynamic

D lyrical and dramatic

Question 9: All of the following are true about the Symphonic fantastique EXCEPT _

A It is both lyrical and dramatic

B It was composed by Beethoven

C It was issued in 1830

D It unites the characteristics of Romanticism

Question 10: According to the passage, Romanticism in music extended over _

A the 18th and 19th centuries

B the late 18th century

C the early 19th century

D the beginning of the 20th century

VOCABULARY

• rationalist: người theo chủ nghĩa duy lý

• reproduce: tái sản xuất, mô phỏng

• renovation: sự đổi mới, cải tiến

• aberration: sự lầm lạc

• mingle: trộn lẫn

• impetus: sự thúc đẩy

• spectacle: quang cảnh

• gainsay: nói trái lại

• overture: khúc mở màn

• introspective: nội tâm

KEY

1 B 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 C 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 C

EXERCISE 4: MARK THE LETTER A, B, C OR D TO FILL IN THE BLANK

Why does English spelling have a reputation for being difficult? English was first written down when Christian monks came to England In Anglo-Saxon (1) They used the 23 letters

of Latin to write down the sound of Anglo-Saxon (2) as they heard it However, English has a (3) range of basic sounds (over 40) than Latin The alphabet was too small, and

so combinations of letters were needed to (4) the different sounds Inevitably, there were inconsistencies in the way that letters were combined

With the Norman invasion of England, the English language was put at risk, English survived, but the spelling of many English words changed to follow French (5) , and many French words were introduced into the language The result was more irregularity

When the printing press was (6) in the fifteenth century, many early printers of English texts spoke other first languages They made little effort to respect English spelling Although one

of the short-term (7) of printing was to produce a number of variant spelling, in the long term it created fixed spellings People became used to seeing words spelt in the same way Rules were (8) , and dictionaries were put together which printers and writers could refer to However, spoken English was not fixed and continued to change slowly – just as it still does now Letters that were sounded in the Anglo-Saxon period, like the “k” in “knife”, now became (9) Also, the pronunciation of vowels then had little in common with how they sound now, but the way they are spelt hasn’t changed No (10) , then, that it is often difficult to see the link between sound and spelling

Question 1 A years B centuries C times D ages

Question 2 A speech B chat C discussion D communication

Question 3 A longer B wider C thicker D deeper

Question 4 A perform B tell C explain D express

Question 5 A plans B patterns C guides D types

Question 6 A take in B invented C made up D discovered

Question 7 A conclusions B effects C meanings D actions

Question 8 A filled in B handed out C drawn up D got across

Question 9 A silent B quiet C speechless D dumb

Question 10 A wonder B problem C mention D idea

KEY

1 C 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 C 9 A 10 A

EXERCISE 5: CHOOSE CORRECT ANSWER TO EACH QUESTION

DESERTIFICATION Desertification is the degradation once-productive land into unproductive or poorly productive land Since the first great urban-agricultural centers in Mesopotamia nearly 6000 years ago, human activity has had a destructive impact on soil quality, leading to gradual desertification in virtually every area of the world

It is a common misconception that desertification is caused by droughts Although drought does make land more vulnerable, well-managed land can survive droughts and recover, even in arid regions Another mistaken belief is that the process occurs only along the edges of deserts In fact, it may take place in any arid or semiarid region, especially where poor land management is

practiced Most vulnerable, however, are the transitional zones between deserts and arable land;

wherever human activity leads to land abuse in these fragile marginal areas, soil destruction is inevitable

[1] Agriculture and overgrazing are the two major sources of desertification [2] Large-scale farming requires extensive irrigation, which ultimately destroys lands by depleting its nutrients and leaching minerals into the topsoil [3] Grazing is especially destructive to land because, in addition

to depleting cover vegetation, herds of grazing mammals also trample the fine organic particles

of the topsoil, leading to soil compaction and erosion [4] It takes about 500 years for the earth

to build up 3 centimeters of topsoil However, cattle ranching and agriculture can deplete as much

as 2 to 3 centimeters of topsoil every 25 years – 60 to 80 times faster than it can be replaced by nature

Salination is a type of land degradation that involves an increase in the salt content of the soil

This usually occurs as a result of improper irrigation practices The greatest Mesopotamian empires – Sumer, Akkad and Babylon – were built on the surplus of the enormously productive soil of the ancient Tigris-Euphrates alluvial plain After nearly a thousand years of intensive cultivation, land quality was evident decline In response, around 2800 BC the Sumerians began digging the huge Tigris-Euphrates canal system to irrigate the exhausted soil A temporary gain

in crop yield was achieved in this way, but over -irrigation was have serious and unforeseen consequences From as early as 2400 BC we find Sumerian documents referring to salinization

as a soil problem It is believed that the fall of the Akkadian Empire around 2150 BC may have been due to a catastrophic failure in land productivity; the soil was literally turned into salt Even today, four thousand years later, vast tracks of salinized land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers still resemble rock-hand fields of snow

Soil erosion is another form of desertification It is a self-reinforcing process; once the cycle of degradation begins, conditions are set for continual deterioration As the vegetative cover begins

to disappear, soil becomes more vulnerable to raindrop impact Water runs off instead of soaking

in to provide moisture for plants This further diminishes plan cover by leaching way nutrients

from the soil As soil quality declines and runoff is increased, floods become more frequent and more severe Flooding washes away topsoil, the thin, rich, uppermost layer of the earth’s soil, and leaves finer underlying particles more vulnerable to wind erosion Topsoil contains the earth’s land-based biological activity occurs Without this fragile coat of nutrient-laden material, plan life cannot exist An extreme case of its erosion is found in the Sahel, a transitional zone between the Sahara Desert and the tropical African rain forests; home to some 56 million people Overpopulation and overgrazing have opened the hyperarid land to wind erosion, which is