CHỦ ĐỀ: REPORTED SPEECHREPORTING STATEMENTS Tường thuật câu nói thông thường A.. Bắt đầu câu tường thuật bằng: He said that …, hoặc He told me that … NOTE: Chúng ta không dùng túc từ obj
Trang 1CHỦ ĐỀ: REPORTED SPEECH
REPORTING STATEMENTS
(Tường thuật câu nói thông thường)
A Các bước đổi:
1 Bắt đầu câu tường thuật bằng:
(He) said that …, hoặc (He) told me that …
NOTE: Chúng ta không dùng túc từ (object) sau “said”, nhưng sau “told” phải có túc từ (object)
Right: (He) said that … / (He) said to me that …./(He) told me that …
Wrong: (He) said me that … / (He) told that …
2 Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép khi tường thuật
3 Những biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
Rule(QTắc) Direct speech (Trực tiếp) Reported speech (Gián tiếp)
1 Verbs
(Động từ)
Present simple (V/ Vs/es) Past simple (Ved) Present progressive (is/ am/ are+Ving) Past progressive (was/ were+Ving) Present perfect (have/ has+VpII) Past perfect (had+VPII)
Past simple (Ved) Past perfect (had +VpII) Past progressive (was/ were +Ving) Past progressive/
Past perfect progressive (had +been +Ving)
Future simple (will +V) Future in the past (would +V) Near future (is/ am/ are +going to+V) Was/ were +going to +V
2 Modal
verbs
Will Can May Must
Would Could Might Must/Had to
3 Adverb
of place
4 Adverb
of time
The day before yesterday Two days before
The day after tomorrow Two days after/ in two days’ time
5 Subject
/Object
B Những trường hợp không cần thay đổi khi tường thuật:
+ nếu hết cột để giảm thì không giảm nữa
e.g.: he would go -> he would go (would không còn cột để giảm nên giữ nguyên)
+ một sự thật luôn luôn đúng:
e.g.: my teacher said "the Sun rises in the East "
> my teacher said that the Sun rises in the East (mặt trời mọc hướng đông là một chân lý nên giữ nguyên thì)
+ Câu quá khứ mà có năm xác định
e.g.: he said "I was born in 1980"
-> he said he was born in 1980 (giữ nguyên thì)
+ đông từ trong câu là quá khứ giả định ,hoặc câu điều kiện loại 2
e.g.: he said " if you were a millionaire, "
-> he said to me that if I were a millionaire, (không giảm thì)
he said "I would rather you went home"
-> he said he would rather I went home (went ở trên là quá khứ giả định nên không giảm thì
Trang 21 He said, “I don’t know what happened.”
-2 'Oh, I'm too hot.' He said
-3 “She won’t come unless you invite her.”
-4 'I like your coat I'm looking for one like that myself.'
-7 'John left here an hour ago.' She told me
-8 “I saw her in the park two hours ago,” said he
-9 'I've been spending a lot more time with my children.'
-10 `Jim's arriving at our house tomorrow.' She told me ………
11 'You can stay in my house when I am on holiday.'
-12 'I'm sorry I couldn't come to visit you last summer
-13 'I was sure I'd left it here.' He said
-14 'I grew these carrots myself.' He told me
-15 'I must say that at first I was confused by the question.'
-16 Marry said, “My father died a year ago”. _ _ 17 John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”. _ 18 Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”._ 19 “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend _ 20 She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.” REPORTED QUESTIONS (Tường thuật câu hỏi) 1 Chúng ta thường thuật câu hỏi bằng cách nói sau: (He) asked (me) …./(He)wondered …./(He) wanted to know … 2 Không đảo ngữ khi tường thuật câu hỏi 3 Bỏ dấu chấm hỏi và dấu ngoặc kép 4 Thay đổi thì, động từ, cách nói thời gian, nơi chốn và đại từ cho phù hợp 5 Đối với câu hỏi “Wh-questions” ta lặp lại các từ hỏi: what, where, when, who, which, how, how much, how many, how long, … NOTE: không dùng trước chữ “that” 6 Đối với câu hỏi “Yes-No questions” dùng “if / whether” NOTE: không dùng “that” trước “if / whether” Example of wh-questions: - “What is this man saying?” He asked me what that man was saying - “When are you leaving for London” He wanted to know when I was leaving for London - “Where did you buy this bag?” She wondered where I had bought that bag Directed: “ wh-words + aux V + S + V?” Indirected: S + asked wanted to know + wh –word + S + V(backshift 1 tense + O wondered Example of yes-no questions: - “Do you often go out in the evening?” He asked if/whether I often went out in the evening - “Is your wife a good cook?” “She wanted to know if/whether my wife was a good cook - “Have you ever been to South America?” He asked if/whether I had ever been to South America - “Did your father go to college?” He wondered if/whether my father had gone to college Directed: “Aux V + S + V?” Indirected: S + asked wanted to know + If/ whether + S + V(backshift 1 tense + O wondered 1 “Do you always go to church on Sundays?” he asked
-2 “What do you like about your job?” he asked
-3 “Does your brother live in New York?” I asked Tom
-4 “When did you start learning English?” they asked her
-5 “Did you invite Judy and Pat to the party?” I asked them
-6 “What time does the performance start?” she asked
Trang 3-7 “Have you seen John recently?” they asked
-8 I to Maria: ”Is this your first visit to Vietnam?”
-9 “Why didn’t you go to my party last night?” I asked Andrew
-10 “Who were you looking for?” Nick asked
-11 “How long has Chris been smoking?” Nick asked
-12 “Where are you spending your holiday?” said Tom
-13 Howard said to me “Are you going to join this organization?”
-14 My boss said to me ”Did you give the letter to Mr Watson yesterday?”
-
15 She to the boy ”How long have you been studying at the school?”
-16 Fred said to me “Why did those people leave so early?”
-17 “Why do you change your job?” my mother said
-18 “Where were you last night, Mr John?” the police said
-REPORTED SPEECH WITH SPECIAL VERBS (Câu tường thuật với các động từ đặc biệt)
A Câu tường thuật với động từ theo sau bằng “to-V”
1 Tường thuật mệnh lệnh: told sb (not) to do sth.
“Put your books away ,” said the teacher The teacher told us to put our books away
2 Tường thuật lời yêu cầu: asked sb (not) to do sth.
“Please, don’t smoke in this room,” said the clerk The clerk asked me not to smokr in that room
3 Tường thuật lời khuyên: advised sb (not) to do sth.
“If I were you, I wouldn’t drink so much wine,” he said He advised me not to drink so much wine
4 Tường thuật lời hứa: promised to do sth.
“ I’ll give you a hand, if you like,” said Darian Darain promised to give me a hand, if I liked
5 Tường thuật lời đe dọa: threaten to do sth’.
“Get out or I’ll call the police,” said the woman The woman threatened to call the police if he didn’t get out
6 Tường thuật lời cảnh báo: warned sb (not) to do sth.
“Don’t touch that wire,” he said He warned me not to touch that wire
7 Tường thuật lời mời: invited sb to do sth.
“Come for inner with us tonight, will you?” Bill said Bill invited me to come for dinner with them that night
8 Tường thuật lời nhắc nhở: remindered sb to do sth.
“Remember to pot my letter on your way,” Wendy said Wendy reminded me to post her letter on my way
9 Tường thuật lời động viên: encouraged sb to so sth.
“Go heard, you must enter for the contest, Jill!” said Pam Pam encouraged Jill to enter for the contest
10 Tường thuật lời khẩn cầu: begged/implored sb to do sth.
“Please, do me a favor,” said the beggar to Carol The beggar beggared/imployed Carol to do him a favor
11 Tường thuật lời tự nguyện: offered to do sth.
“Shall I help you with the housework?” said Tim to hiss wife Tim offered to help his wife with the housework
12 Tường thuật sự đồng ý: agreed to do sth.
“OK, I’ll take you to work in my car, Sue” said Carl Carl agreed to take Sue to work in his car
B Câu tường thuật với động từ theo sau bằng “gerund”
1 Tường thuật lời buộc tội: accused sb of doing sth.
“you damaged my new laptop, Dan,”said Susan Suasan accsed Dan of damaging her new laptop
2 Tường thuật lời thú nhận: admitted doing/having done sth.
“I didn’t tell you he truth, Ron,” said Kim Kim admitted not telling/not having told Ron the truth
3 Tường thuật lời phủ nhận: denied doing/having done sth.
“I didn’t break that vase,” said Tom Tom denided breaking /having broken that vase
4 Tường thuật lời xin lỗi: apolozied (to sb) for doing sth.
“I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting,” said Amanda Amanda apolozied for having kept me waiting
5 Tường thuật lời khen: congratulated sb on doing sth.
Trang 4“Congratulations! You won the game!” said the principal.
The principal congratulated the students on winning the game
6 Tường thuật lời nài nỉ, khăng khăng: insisted on doing sth.
“I must pay for this damage,” the man said The man insisted on paying for that weekend
7 Tường thuật lời đề nghị: suggested doing sth.
“Let’s have a pinic this weekend,” Muad suggested Maud suggested having a pinic that weekend
8 Tường thuật lời cảm ơn: thanked sb for (doing sth).
“Thank you very much for your advice,” he said He thanked me for my advise
9 Tường thuật lời cảnh báo: warned sb against (doing) sth.
“Don’t invest in that business,” said my lawyer My lawyer warned me against investing int hat business
10 Tường thuật lời đỗ lỗi: blamed sb for (doing) sth.
“You are responsible for this failure,” said the director The director blamed his deputy for that failure
11 Tường thuật lời thú nhận: confessed to (doing) sth.
“It was me who stole the money,” said Jack Jack confessed to stealing the money
Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1 “Open the door,” he said to them -He told them
2 “Where are you going?” he asked her -He asked her where
3 “Which way did they go?” he asked -He asked
4 “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her -I told
5 “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us -She told
6 “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her -I asked her
7 “He’s not at home”, she said -She said that
8 “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked -The girl wanted to know
9 “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said -Tom told Ann
10 “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her -He asked
11 “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked -Thomas asked Jean
12 Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said -I told Mary
13 “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said She said that
14 “I’ll pay him if I can” she said -She said that
15 “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked.- She asked us
16 “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack -He told Jack that
17 “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked -Tom asked Jean
18 “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said -He said that
19 “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us -He told us
20 “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him -I asked him how long
21 “Are you going by train?” she asked me -She wanted to know
22 “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us -She asked us
23 “Will you come to my party?” she said to me -She invited me
24 “Don’t do it again,” she said to them She told them
25 “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked.-She asked
26 “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said -She told
27 “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked -Mary asked
28 “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter - Peter asked if
29 “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager -The office manager wondered
30 “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John -John advised Elizabeth
31 “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John -John accused
32 “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary -Mary accused
33 “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs Bingley -The nurse asked Mrs Bingley
34 “You should take more exercise, Mr Robert,” the doctor said -The doctor advised
35 “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself -Tim wondered
36 “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan -Paul apologized
37 “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked - Martha asked Peter when
38 “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother -Anna asked
39 “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said - William’s mother told
40 “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs Rogers to her son -Mrs Rogers told
41 “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George -George said
42 “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car
Trang 5-Martin apologized
43 “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us -The landlady asked
44 “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary -Mary asked
45 “Breakfast will not be served after 9 30” said the notice
-The notice said that
46 “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?” -I asked
47 “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow” - She reminded me
48 “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys
-The teacher told the boys………
49 “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr Simpson
- The interviewer asked
50 “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness
- The officer wanted to know
Choose the best answer
1 He _that he had met his teacher the day before A.told B.say C.said D.says
2 I said we go there the next day A.shall B.have to C.will D.should
3 He said that he _ the modern car A.could B.may C.can D.has to
4 They thought it _ snow A.may B.might C.can D.will
5 The doctor daid that I had better _ in bed A.stayed B.staying C.stay D.to stay
6 Alice said to me that she _ living in London _
A.was/then B.is/now C.was/now D.is/then
7 Tom me that his father wasn’t very well A.said B.say C.tell D.told
8 They announced that Alice and Tom getting married the month after
A.are B.was C.were D.is
9 Her cousin admitted that he like his job A.didn’t B.doesn’t C.wasn’t D.isn’t
10 He complained that his car had been stolen a few weeks
A.ago B.earlier C.before D.B and C
11 Tom his wife that his brother come and stay at their flat the following month
A.said/would B.told/would C.told/will D.said/would
12 The manager that he to go on holiday but he was too busy
A.said/wanted B.told/wanted C.told/want D.said/want
13 She said that she leave the following day A.would B.will C.can D.may
14 The Browns said that they _ a lift but very often it didn’t work
A.had B.have C.has D.are having
15 Bob wanted to know Alice was A.where B.if C.whether D.how much
16 My mother wondered _ I was so tired A.where B.what C.why D.why was
17 Tom asked me I _ arrived in London A.when/ had B when/have C.when/0 D.when/did
18 The teacher asked all of the students _ they understood what he was explaining
A.if B.why C.had D.have
19 She told Tom _ his coat A.get B.to get C.got D.getting
20 He told the children _ away A.go B.went C.going D.to go
21 The boss asked him in A.to come B.come C.came D.coming
22 She told the boys move A.not to B.not C.don’t D.deosn’t
23 She me that how lucky I was A.said B.says C.tells D.told
24 The boy suggested _ the cost A.to share B.share C.shared D.sharing
25 My mother told me the bag into the kitchen A.to carry B.carry C.carried D.carrying
26 She me that I shall be punished if I continue to behave like that The reporting verb is
A says B thinks C tells D knows
27 The policeman said, “ Show me your driving license” The policeman told me _
a show him driving license b to show him driving license
c show him my driving license d to show him my driving license
28 “ Don’t go near the water, children”, she said She warned the children _
a not to go near the water c to go near the water
b against going near the water d both a & b
29 He said to us,” Please say nothing about this” He asked us about it
a to please not say nothing c to say nothing b not to say anything d both b& c
30 “ I have nothing to show you”, I said to her _ nothing to show her
a I say her (that) I have b I tell her (that) I had c I told her (that) I have d I told her ( that) I had
31 The doctor said to me, “ Your health will improve very quickly” The doctor told me that
a my health would improve very quickly b my health improved very quickly
c his health would improve very quickly d his health improves very quickly
32 “ What makes the noise like that?”, he said He wanted to know
Trang 6a what the noise make like that b what the noise makes like that
c what made the noise like that d what would make the noise like that
33 “ Are you enjoying yourself?”, he said He asked me if
a I am enjoying myself b I would enjoy myself b I enjoyed myself d I was enjoying myself
34 “ Did you study hard for the exam?”, she said She asked him _ for the exam
a whether he studied b if he have studied c whether he has studied d if he had studied
35 “ What did he discover?” We wanted to know _
a what did he discover c what he did discover? b what he had discovered ? d what he had discovered
36 “ Where ’s Kyoto ? ” Who knows
a where is Kyoto? b where Kyoto is ? c where Kyoto is d where Kyoto was ?
37 “ Do you like the headmaster?” I asked them _
a they do like the headmaster b did they like the headmaster?
c if they liked the headmaster ? d whether they liked the headmaster
38 “ Are you leaving tomorrow?”, she said She asked
a if I am leaving tomorrow b if I was leaving tomorrow
c if I was leaving tomorrow d if I was leaving the next day
39.” He won’t come”, she says She that he won’t come
a says b tells c said d all of them are correct
40.Samira said, "Monica speaks English very well."
a Samira said that Monica spoke English very well b Samira said that Monica is speaking English very well
c Samira said that Monica had spoken English very well d Samira said that Monica speaks English very well
41 Yolanda said, "I have to leave the class before 12:30."
a Yolanda said that I have to leave the class before 12:30." b Yolanda said that she has to leave the class before 12:30."
c Yolanda said that she had to leave the class before 12:30." d Yolanda said that she has had to leave the class before 12:30."
42 Gabriela said, "I can't possibly finish my work by five o'clock."
a Gabriela said that she can't possibly finish her work by five o'clock
b Gabriela said that she won't possibly finish her work by five o'clock
c Gabriela said that she couldn't possibly finish her work by five o'clock
d Gabriela said that she hadn't been able to possibly finish her work by five o'clock
43 Martha said, "I am going to go to Mexico next year."
a Martha said that she is going to Mexico the following year
b Martha said that she was going to Mexico the following year
c Martha said that she had gone to Mexico the following year
d Martha said that she will be going to Mexico the following year
44 Truc said, "I went to Ha noi to visit my uncle."
a Truc said that she went to Ha noi to visit her uncle b Truc said that she had gone to Ha noi to visit her uncle
c Truc said that she is going to Ha noi to visit her uncle d Truc said that she was going to ha noi to visit her uncle
45 Sang said, "I have already written a letter to my family in Thailand."
a Sang said that he had already written a letter to his family in Thailand
b Sang said that he has already written a letter to his family in Thailand
c Sang said that he was writing a letter to his family in Thailand
d Sang said that he will write a letter to his family in Thailand
46 Rosa asked Jose, "Have you been studying English very long?"
a Rosa asked Jose when do you study English b Rosa asked Jose if he had studied English
c Rosa asked Jose if he had been studying English very long d Rosa asked Jose if he was studying English very long
47 Samira asked me, "May I borrow your English dictionary?"
a Samira asked me if she may borrow my English dictionary
b Samira asked me if she could borrow my English dictionary
c Samira asked me if I could borrow her English dictionary
d Samira asked me if I had borrowed her English dictionary
48 Monica Cheng asked Roeun, "Are you going to visit Cambodia?"
a Monica Cheng asked Roeun if he is going to visit Cambodia
b Monica Cheng asked Roeun if he had visited Cambodia
c Monica Cheng asked Roeun if he had gone to Cambodia
d Monica Cheng asked Roeun if he was going to visit Cambodia
49 The teacher said, "Study chapters 1-4 for the final test!"
a The teacher told us to study chapters 1-4 for the final test
b The teacher asked us if we studied chapters 1-4 for the final test
c The teacher said us to study chapters 1-4 for the final test
d The teacher asked to us to study chapters 1-4 for the final test