Chapter 33 - Special senses. The special senses are smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium. They are called special senses because their sensory receptors are located within relatively large sensory organs in the head - the nose, tongue, eyes, and ears. This chapter introduces the structure and function of these sense organs and focuses on common diseases of the eyes and ears.
Trang 5Introduction
Special senses that have sensory receptors located within relatively large, sensory
Trang 6 Chemicals must be
dissolved in the mucus
of the nose to activate
Trang 7
send the information along olfactory
bulbs and tracts different areas of the cerebrum cerebrum interprets the information as a
particular type of smell
Smell receptors are activated, they send their
information to the olfactory nerves
Trang 8Smell Sensation (cont.)
Trang 9You notice an odor coming from a
patient when you enter the exam room. Why would the patient not be able to
smell it?
Trang 10smell it?
Trang 12Tongue (cont.)
Trang 18 Eyelid Eyelid skin, muscle,
Trang 20 Outer oily layer that prevents them from
evaporating
Lacrimal glands are on the lateral edge of each eyeball and they produce tears.
Outer oily layer that prevents them from
evaporating
When a person cries, the abundance of tears entering the nose
When a person cries, the abundance of tears entering the nose
Tears
Trang 21skeletal muscles that
move the eyeball
Each eyeball has 6 extrinsic eye muscles attached to them that move the eyeball
Trang 22 Retina converts the
light into nerve impulses that are sent
to the brain
The brain interprets these impulses, turns the image right
side up and develop a picture of the object.
Process of Seeing
Trang 23Choroid Absorbs extra light in
eye Ciliary Body Holds lens, moves lens
for focusing
Iris Controls amount of light
entering eye Lens Focuses light onto retina
Trang 24Retina Contains visual receptors
Rods Allow vision in dim light,
detect black-and-white images, detect broad outlines
of images Cones Allow vision in bright light,
detect colors, detect details
Optic Nerve Carries visual information
from rods and cones toward
Parts of the Eye (cont.)
Trang 27which too much pressure is created in the eye by excessive aqueous humor
Eye Disorders (cont.)
Trang 29treated right away, leads to permanent vision loss.
Eye Disorders (cont.)
Trang 33 The impulses are
transmitted via auditory nerve to the brain
The brain perceives the
sound
Trang 34 Brain constantly monitors the position of
one’s body on the information received from the semicircular canals, eyes and muscles
Change in position is detected by the canal
and passed to the brain
The brain uses this information to maintain
balance
Trang 36What would happen if a patient had damage to the middle ear?
Trang 37Apply Your Knowledge Answer
The middle ear amplifies the vibrations and the
waves cause the tiny hairs in the cochlea to bend so if there was damage to this part of the ear, the patient may have impaired hearing
What would happen if a patient had
damage to the middle ear?
Trang 40End of Chapter