sửa chữa máy hàn sử dụng công nghệ inverter

Bo chia iung chia thanh 4 nhanh, ki8m tra tung nhanh m9t Que do ben �goai, que den bemtrong thi kim d6ng h6len.. Nhanh nao ma kitµ len h8t, ho�c khong len chung ta cdn ki8m tra so va nha

\ ;

PHAN I : MAY HAN DI¥N TU HAN QUE, TIG; CUT PLASMA

CH�Y MOSFET

NGUYEN LY CO BAN

trgc ti8p t�i CUQn thu cdp CUa bi8n ap ).

di Su khi8n xung, tin hi�u sau cong su�t duqc dua vao bi8n ap lgc d8 t�o ra muc di�n ap

sau cu<)n thu c&p, di�n ap nay duqc chinh luu bing dan Di6t kep D92�02 chinh luu ra

-Bmrc 1: Ki@m tra phich cim-(Day dful, phich cim, tr6 m6i, ).

+Chinh d6ng h6 vS thang do xl O (Thang do di�n tr6).

+B�t cong tic va quan sat d6ng h6 th&y kim len l chut, d6ng nghTa phfrn nay da d�t.

NTC ho�c PTC c6 ch8t khong, duong m�ch bi dut hay khong.

+NSu kim len h8t: Ki8m tra Di6t cfru.

-Bmrc 2: Ki8m tra 2 dfru CQC han.

+Kim d6ng h6 len 1 chiSu ho�c len 2 chiSu hoa11 toan khac nhau thi phdn nay da d�t (Dan Di& chinh luu khong bi·ch�p)

-Bmrc3: Ki�m tra Cong.suit

+Chinh d6ng h6 vS thang �o xl O (Thang do di�n tr&).

+Ki/in tra 2 chlin D va Scua so:

+Ki€m.'tra 2 chlin G va S cua so:

• Que do dua vao chan S, que den dua vao chan G : Kim len, Que den dua vao chan

S, que do dua vao chan G kim len l chut ho�c khong len, k8t lu�n GS cua so khong chst.

• M�o: C6 th8 dotrvc ti8p t?i bo chia xung Bo chia iung chia thanh 4 nhanh, ki8m tra tung nhanh m9t (Que do ben �goai, que den bemtrong thi kim d6ng h6len.

N guqc l�i kim le;n 1 · chut ho�c khong len, K8t lu�n nhanh d6 d�t Nhanh nao ma kitµ len h8t, ho�c khong len chung ta cdn ki8m tra so va nhanh cua ho chia xung.

Bo 11gu6n

Page4

C\

Bolµc

SWllCM

/1

I Mica NGUON

Mayhan que, tig, cut cfin c6 cac di�n ap sau:

-Di�n ap 220 V AC cdp dS,nuoi qu�t, t�i di�n ap 310 VDC b�ng each chinh luu d.u va tv l9cnguon

-Di�n ap 310 VDC cfip dS t�o nguf>n 24 VDC va cfip di�n tnJC tiSp cho So

-Di�n ap 24 Vol d8 dong ma Role nguf>n, cdp nguf>n cho IRF va cdp nguf>n cho 7812 va 7805.-Di�n ap 12 Vol dugc su dvng cho m�cli

diSu khiSn vii t�o xuµg :·

-Di�n ap 7 Vol cfip cho chiSt ap

-Di�n ap 5vol dugc cdp dS nuoi man hinh led hiSn: thi dong

1.1 Mach tao 310VDC .•

XI '.!20V/50Hl

)NM!H

UX5

!i

ll);i C;-!5l1!2\'.,

[

M�ch nguyen ly ngu6n 310V AC

c� ,.-.,

+ •

V 6i mfch ngu6n sfr d\mg 1 ciu diot: · 1 chan 220"' se di tr\Jc tiSp vao 1 chan xoay chiSu, 1 chan

con l�i se di qu� nhanh Ptc ho�c Ntc ds· cftp vao chan xoay chiSu con l�i cua m�ch c§.u

V 6i mfch ngu6n sir d\lng 2 diot ciu: 1 chan 220"' se di tr\JC ti6p vao 2 chan xoay chi Su cua 1

diot c§.u, chan cori l�i se di qua nhanh ptc ho�c ntc dS cftp cho 2 chan xoay chiSu cua diot c§.u

con l�i

- Sau khi 220 xoay chiSu duqc cdp vao diot cdu, se t�o ra duqc di�n ap 1 chiSu (Xem l�i (mg

· dvng cua diot du), di�n ap 1 chiSu nay duqc l9c qua tv ngu6n t�o ph�ng d� t�o ra di�n ap

tr\Jc tiSp 1 chan 220 V AC (nhanh vira di qua ptc ho�c ntc) dS duy tri (ptc ho�c ntc chi mo thai

di Sm d§.u sau khi ddn di�n qua n6 se n6ng len va ng�t khong cho di�n di qua va da duqc duy tri

b�ng tiSp dism cua role ngubn)

.9

NGUON

310VDC

Bo ngu6n may han que

cAu E>IOT

TV NGUON

470uF/400V

Ma vit Caoap 2.5s/5s

Cacpan benhthuong xay ra v6i vimg ngu6n 310 VDC:

Pan 1: Khong co ilijn_apvao 220AC(Qugt khong 9uay)

thong day va ti€p di€in corig tic, do ntc thong

-KiSm tra qu�t (thir cim tqrc ti€p 2 ch.an qu�t vao ngu6n 200VAC)

Pan 2: Co 220AC ( q'u{lt co quay) nhung chua co 310VDC

-Rut ric 31 0v vao cong suftt dS tach tai cua ngu6n 31 0v

-KiSm tra chan cua diot cfiu, ric cdm

-KiSm tra cfiu diot

-KiSm tra duong m�ch (th�ong.bi dm)�

Pan 3: Cdm nguJn co tiing nJ to; nhay Attomat

-KiSm tra diot cfiu, tv ngu6n, cong sud t

Pan 4: Co nguJn 31OVDC nhung ch{ly i luc thi bi ngdt

-KiSm tra ngu6n 24VDC

.:.KiSm tra dien ap cdp vao CUQn hut cua role.24VoL

-KiSm tra ti€p diSm cua role ngu6ri

Mfo stra vimg ;ngu6n: ·

1.2 Difn ap 24 VOL

-Sir d\mg ngu6n xung d€ t�o ra 24 VDC

0105 C105

R210 S10l"ll#

R:21'.¼t

!i J ,;t

R207 0108 tN41�

Cac bU'&c ki�m tra va sfra mJch ngu6n 24Vol:

-KiSm tra c6 31 OVDC

fl

-Kiem tra vimg t�o xung va XU ly h6i tiSp

-Kiem tra biSn ap xung

-Ki Sm tra ngu6n vao 24 Vol

LM 7812 IC with heat sink

12VDC 1.5A

IC cung n6ng theo, dn thay IC m6'i)

-Ngu6n 12 Vol cfip cho IC so sanh, IC dao d9ng, Transistor 8050

Yung khoanh tron la IC 7812, chan 1 la ngu6n cdp 24v, chan 2 la mass, chan 3 la ngo ra 12v

1.4 M,ch n�uAn '5 Vol'

· · -KiSm tra led hiSrt thi dong va kiSm tra 7805

II.MACH TAO XUNG

-M�ch t�o xung duqc xu ly b�ng IC t�o xung Ka3525 v6i chan ngu6n cdp la chan 15 va· chan

12 (Nhu hinh), chan kich dS t�o duqc xung la chan s6 8, chan 2 va chan 9 la chan nh�n tin

dua tin hi�u xung ra de dong macho cong sudt (So), xung ra duqc xudt phat tµ chan 11 va

14 cua IC Tin hi�u xung nay dugc xu ly qua vung m�ch 8050 va 8550, sau do tin hi�u dugcdua qua IRF z24 va 9z24, tin hi�u sau IRF se duqc gui t6i m�ch chi a xung 16: 8 d� cdp cho

so Bo xung 16:8 ho�t d<)ng nl)U ��ch du"H dS dong ffi()' cheo cac nha'.:nh cong su�t

-M�chxu ly chinh dong va bao dong vs tu shunt se dugc xu ly qua ic CA3140 (le _khuSchd�i thu�t toan)

-M�ch bao v� qua dong se nh�n tin hi�u tu bi�n ap bao v� 300:1 dugc bao tin hi�u di�n ap vS

Tr6t1K

Bo m�ch 3525

�Tieu chuin: •, ·,1:(, ;

+IC3525

Chan 15 Chan 12 Chan8 Chan 11 Chan 14

+Chan G t�i IRF: 5vol - 20vol- 5vol - 20vol (bao g6m 4 chan IRFZ24 va IRF9Z24)

+Di�n ap t�i tai nhi�t cac IRF: 13 Vol t6i 17vol

+Di�n ap t�i cac nhanh chia xung: 5 vol ho�c 3 vol tuy theo ghim di�n ap t�i bo 16 :8

2.2 Trinh t\l' ki@m tra mtch tf o xung

Yeu cdu: Sic d1.mg adapter 24 Vol ti€ th11c hi?n ctic buuc kiim tra me,ch te,o xung

Khi do tli?n tip: Chinh thang do mp/chiiu tuy theo tlijn tip t{li ctic chlin, que den tl8ng h8 tl{it t{li mass (Ho(i,c tan nhiit cua 7812), quetl,itl{it te,i tli€m cin do

-Ki@m tra ngu6n cip 24 Volvao IRF:(Ngu6n 24 Vol di qua tro: 2.2 om t6i IRF)

2,.,zJl

-Ki@m tra ngu6ncip vao 7812: Do di�n ap tru6c va sau cua 7812

Chan 1 Chan 2 Chan 3 24Vol 0 Vol 12 Vol

-Kiim tra ngu6n 12 Vol: Cdp vao Pin 1 cua bo xung, chan 7 cua Ic CA3140, chan C cuatransistor 8050, chan 15 cua IC t�o xung KA3 525 (SG3 525).

-Kiim tra chan ki�h �µa IC3525: chan s6 8 cuaic 3525 se xay ra 2 trucmg hqp

Yeu du: Chan 8 di�n ap phai du 5 vol, nSu khong xung xudt ra chan 11 va 15 m�c du dung di�n ap nhung vdn bi 16i xung D�t bi�t, nSu chan 8 cua IC3525 duqc O Vol thi rridt xung hoan toan

NSu chan 8 chua c6 di�n ap 5Vol thi ta nen ki8m tra:

Sa d6 chan kich +KiSm tra nhanh R2 i', C8 xem c6 ;bi _ch�p hay khong? (�heo so d6_ tren)

+Ki8n;i tra transistor Q2 va Q3 xem c6 bi chSt hay khong?

luc khong

-Ki�m tra chan phat xung:

+ Truong hQ'P chan 8 da c6 5 Vol, ki�m tra chan 11 va 14 (2 chan tin hi�ll:, xung ra, di�n ap.5vol va.tin hi�U'xung l�ch pha nhau)

+ Xay ra cac truong hqp nhu sau:

Chan 11 Chan 14 Ghi chu

0 Vol O Vol ·Mdt xung

0 Vol 5 Vol Mdtxung·

<5 Vol <5 Vol Mdtxung ·

+Khi g{lp truong hqp mdt xung: Yeu cfiu thao bo Transistor (8050, 8550) Sau khi thao xong,cdp ngu6n l<;1i va do di�n ap t<;1i chan 11 va 14

+NSu khong c6 5i v�l a ca 2 chan thi IC hong khi d6 ta nen thay IC 3525 m6i

+NSu c6 5 vol t<;1i chan 11 va 14: Tai sau chan 11 va 14 c6 vdn d�, cfin ki�mtra cac linh ki�nsau chan · 11 va 14 nhu hinh

Hirth 2 Sa d6 m<;1ch xu ly tin hi�u xung sau IC

S8050 S8050

·:io.t4141

·ro,10k:C

-Kiim tra tin hifu cip cho IRF:

+Di�n ap cdp va chan G cua cac IRF ldn lugt la 20 vol, 5 vol, 20 vol va 5 vol

+Di�n ap 24 Vol c§.p cho IRF dugc thong qua :tra 2,2 om (Nhu tren phdn ngu6n 24 )

-Kiim tra x�ng tti IRF:

+Do di�n ap t�i cac IRF (Chinh thang do 50 VDC, que den d�t t�i mass, que do dijt t�i tannhi�t cua cac IRF): Di�n ap do dugc t�i 4 con IRF la 13 vol t6i 17vol.tuy theo may N6u dodugc 24 vol ho�c OVol thi dang mdt xung

+D6i v6i may tig/cut: Khi chua kich co di�n ap t�i IRF do duqc 24·vol, khi kich co di�n apt\ltxu6ng 13 vol N6u di�n ap khong giam la dang bi mdt xung(Hong xung hoijc m�ch diSukhiSn kich va6 chan 8 cua 3525)

-Kiim tra dif n ap tti ho chia xung:

+Do n9itr6 t�i A1A2, B1B2, C1C2, D1D2: DS thang do xlO om, do l¼n lugt vao cac nh{mhkim 16n 1 chiSu, ho�c len 2 chiSu khac nhau nhiSu, kem theo do 2 chan CE cua so kim len 1chi Su thi Mo�fet s6ng, nguqc l�i thi so· nhanh d6 ch6t hoijc vung chia xung nhanh d6 bi 16icdn phai sua l�i bo chia xung

+Di�n ap do t�i A1A2, B1B2, C1C2, ,D1D2 la 5 vol ho�c 3 vol Khic6 b!t ky nhanh nao di�n ap khac thi bit bu(>c phai sua l�i bo cbiia xung

-Yeu ciu trtro-c · khi cim ngu6n 220 vol xoay chi@u:

+Ciim adapter 24Vol thu xung, do xung c6 t�i irf va xung c6 t�i cac nhanh cua bo chia xung16:8

+Neu so bi nf>, phai ki�m tra va sua xung: KiSm tra ldn.lugt l�i cac bu6c tu kic,h xung (chan_ 8), phat xung ( chan 11 va 14), xung t�i IRF- (1'3 Vol t_�i tai nhi�t IRF), xung t�i cac nhanhkich So (Bo chia xung 16:8)

2.3 Vung di@u chinh

dong Nhiim V\l:Vung nay duqc thgc hi�n bAng each t�o di�n ap duqc di8u chinh tu chiet ap

tin hi_�u chiet ap v8 dS dua tin hi�u ve chan 2 va 9 cua KA3525 d� di8u khi�n d(> r(mg xung,sao cho muc d�t dong han va dong thgc t8 se duqc an kh6p v6i nhau

Di�n tr6 Shunt- pin4-tr6 tOOR va lk �chan 2 (CA3140)

Tin hi�u ra chan 6 ( ca3140) h6i tiSp tu shunt, dua vimg xu ly dS c�p cho chan di�u khiSn d() r()ng xung t�i IC KA3525 (Di�n �p do duqc t�i chan 6 nho hon-0,05 Vol

+Di�n ap cdp v:ao chiSt ap d�t 7 Vol (di�n ap nay duqc ldy tu chan ngu6n 12Vol thong quam�ch di�u chinh transistor 8050) NSukhong d�t 7 Vol cdn kiSm tra tr6 h�n dong tu12vol,tran 8050, tr6 phan ap cho tran 8050 Do di�n ap t�i chan 1 v� 3 cua Ric cftm chiSt ap seduqc 7 Vol.·

n6i vai di�n ap vao cua chiSt _ap

+KiSm tra di�n ap ra t�i chan giua cua chiSt ap (Chinh chiSt ap phai chinh duqc di?n ap ra tu

Ov t6i 7v) (Que den vao mass, que do vao chan 'gifra cua chiSt ap)

+KiSm tra di�n ap t�i Pin6 cua bo dvi;lg 3525 (Khi chinh chi�t ap thi pi� 6 d�t di�n ap tir 0vt&i 3v).

+KiSm tra chan 2 cua Ca3140 d�t di�n ap tir 0.25 t6i.0.6v khi chinh chi�t ap

+KiSm tr� chan 6 cua Ca3140 phai d�� di�n ap d.t nh6, xip xi b�ng 0v

_ _ �

3525

C

Chan 2 Ca3140 0.25v;.O, 7v

-KiJm tra lizn lu()'t eek mue di¢n ap tgi eek tJiJm eizn do.

-Niu tliJm nao khae thong s6, eizn kdm tra tli¢n ap vao, linh ki¢n lien quan.

-C6 2 t/jnh huang khi XU' ly

Vi d\t: Pin6 cua ho xung 3525 khong duqc 3 vol khi chinh max chi�t ap

Cach thvc hiin:

-Cach 1: Tang di�n ap vao chan chiSt ap (Ddu tit chan CE cua S8050, chi danh cho may que)

· di�n ap mong mubn

m(:>t chut nhung kh�ng nhi�u, tdm 0,2 vol)

-Tin hifu xfrly sau biSn ap 300:1

Bo xung3525

-Nguyenly: BiSn ap 300:1 la biSnap dung dS phan h6i dSbao V�- Cu(:>n c6 1 vong duqc ddu

n6i tiSp v6i ngu6n am ( cua 31 0V), nbrtnrc tiSp v6i cong sudt (So) Khi so ho�t d(:>ng thi se

vong, Di�n ap nay se duqc chinh luu thanh di�n ap 1 chi€u ( qua 1 diot 4148 ho�c qua 4 diot4148), di�n ap 1 chi�u nay se ,di qua m�ch phan ap di�n trfr va dua vao chan 11 �ua bo xung

3525

Tin hi�u sau chan 11 cua ho xung 3525 satl d6 se duqc so sanh v6i tin hi�u tir chan 6 cua

3140, qua m�ch RC, va duqc ghim b�ng zen 12Vol, di�n ap nay se ghim muc di�n ap d� kich vao chanG cua thyristor SCRlQ0; 6 Khi tin hi�u dugc kich thi sekeo chan 8 cua 3525

xu6ng ov ol, mfit xung va bao den o.c

Cach xir ly:Khi g�p cac b�nh lien ·quan t6i han bi bao 16i, n6 so, han muc cao thi bao 16i tpi c�n thvc hi�n ca_c bu6c sau:

-Thay m6itoan bQ diot4148 sau bi€n ap 300:l

-Thay m6i zen·8�2v ngay ch�n kich G cua mcrl00-6

-Thay m6i 11_1cr 100-6

-Khi g�p b�nh han tren 1 OOA thi bao 16i thi cAn cau them tra t�i m�ch phan ap sau d€ h� di�n

ap pin 11 ho�c tang zen ghim ap (thay 8,2v b,�ng

9,2�)-100

WO

-Thay t\l 501 m6i ho�c tang gia tri t\l,len t\l 102 (d�c l?i�t v6i b�nh han y€u;c!n phai thay)

ri

III, M�CH_CONG suAT

+ Xung kich tir bo chia xung dugc kich trvc tiSp vao chan G cua cac So

lOJ/1!<\'

Et

· +So dugc phan thanh 4 nhom (m6i nhom c6 s6 lugng so b�ng nhau; 2 so ho�c 3 so), nhanh

+T�i m6i nhanh cua so thi cac so dugc ghep chung C vaE, chan G dugc ldy tir bo chia xung

471 ghep n6i tiSp) nhi�m vv·d�p xung nhiSu cho So Khi nhanh d�p xung nay hong se ddnt6i b�nh n6 so (RC se hSt chuc nang d�p xung), ngoai ra con xudt hi�n b�nh ch�m nay 1 lucthi bao 16i o.c

-Bi@n ap Ive:

+Sau tdng cong sudt (So), tin hi�u se duqc di vao biSn ap Ive dS t�o ra mvc di�n ap t�i ngora

sang rut r�c hiSn ap ben c�nh, thvc hi�·n cho t6i khihSt hao o.c (khi do biSn ap nao dugc rut

ra thi biSn ap d6 chSt, c!n dugc thay thS biSn ap m&i); ·

-B�nh b�t ngu6� bao o.c Iuon thuang xay ra 4 truonghqp: So chSt, biSn ap chSt, dan diotchinhiuu ra e9c ban hichSt, ho xung hodg

· +Ki€m tra so (do t�i ho chia xung va chan CE cua so)

+Ki€m tra tung biSn ap

-Dan diot D92-02

+Cach kiSm tra: Chinh d6ng h6 vs thang do xlO om, 'do n9i tr6 t�i 2 ddu CQC han (.do va dao

2 que) n�u kim ten 1 chiSu ho�c 2 chiSu_khac nhau nhisu vs gia tri thi diot s6ng, neu kim len

2 chi8u nhu nhau thi diot hong

IV M�CH CAO A.P

1.Nhiem vu .

+Cach ki�m tra: Chinh d6ng h6 v� thang do xl O om, 'do n9i tro t�i 2 ddu CQC han ( do va dao

2 que) n�u kim len 1 chi�u ho�c 2 chi�u.khac nhau nhi�u v� gia tri thi diot s6ng, n€u kim len

2 chi�u nhu nhau thi diot.hong

IV M�CH CAO AP

1.Nhifm V\l

16n (vai ·�v) d€ m6i h6 quang t�i mo (�o tig, mo cut)

2.SO' d6

Phftn diSu khiSn cao ap, PhAn cao ap

cao ap

HJ

5!Dfl

3.Nguyen ly hmJt dqng

3.1 Ph§n chuy�n ch� dq Tig/q�e

+Khi cong tic dong: ChS d9 han Tig

Nhifm V\J khi cong tic·dong:

� risp diSm thu l: Cho phep duong di�u khiSn tig di vao pin 18 (b� xung 3525) d� di�u khiSn

-TiSp diSm thu 2: Cho phep ddn duong tin hi�u di�n ap t�i ngo ra di xu6ng bo du6i dS dongmacho role cao ap (ddn tin hi�u cao ap vao.m�ch nhan ap ds phong hf> quangt�o cao ap).Khi cong tic bi hong tiSp diSm se ddn t6i: GhuySn tig thi cao ap tv danh

diSm cua cong tic

3.2·Phin di�u �i�n cao ap

R2

:t�

mass

R3 u�

+Khi chua kich chan co: Di�n ap 24vol cdp trvc ti�p 1 chan cho role van khi , diSm A chua

co ap nen chua co di�n ap kich cho irfz44rten role van khi vfin khong dong

tKhi kich co, diSm A co di�n ap 24 vol Di�n ap nay se chia lam 2 nhanh

Nhanh 1: Di qua diot 4007 dS dong vao chan kich G cua IRF dS dong role T\l c2 co nhi�m

V\l duy tri m(:>tthai gian ap kich cho IRF dS t�o d(:> trS 2s cho van khi, Khi dong cong t�c 2s/5s thi se co them ca t\l C 1 duy tri thai gian trS cho chan G dS van khi trS 5s

R5

Nbanb 2: Di vao m�ch phan ap Rl,R2 dS t�o di�n ap phan ap kich vao chan B cua 8050, 2

transistor s8050 duqc ghep dao tin hi�u d� thay d6i ti� hi�u Sy hoijc 0v dS'dua vao chan kich

cts

Chu f: y 6'i chS d(> tig khi chua kich co thi" chan 8 c6 Ov, khi �ich co chan 8 c6 5v

Cach ki@m tra:

-Ban dfiu chuy�n may vs chS d(> han que d� chic chiln may c6 xung: Bing·cach thao dayngoai cimg(C�nh day ngu6n 24V tu bo cong sufit di xu6ng bo ngu6n), Day nay g9i la day :

Chan TIG NSu khong c6 xung, phai sira xung.

Vo.I): NSu khong duqc kiSm tra mfiy con PTC tu rile 24v di vao chan co

-Kich co (Cho 2 chan Co ch�m nhau): Do Chan Tig se duqc 5 vol, nha co ra Chan Tig l�i

vs O vol la d�t yeu cfiu NSu khong d�t,,kiSm tra vimg di�u khi�n nay

-Di�n ap dS dong role cao ap duqc 1§.y tu di�n ap ngo ra

-Ric 70v c6.di�n ap �e duqc xu ly d� t�o duqc 24v cdp tn,rc ti�p vao role d6ng ma cao ap,

ap nhung vfin dang han binh thuong (Khi han· keo ): Tac dvng m6i ban ddu

-Ki�m tra xem m,ch co ho,t dqng hay khong:

+ Thao r�c cao ap tren bo cong sudt (R�c c6 2 day, duqc g�n canh duong r�c sau cong sudt divao bi�n ap) nhu hinh du6i:

+Kich c_c\quan sat d6ng h6 (N�u kim len r6i h� xu6ng luonthi m�ch role cao ap con s6ng)

-N�u kim d6ng h6 khong len thi cdn kiSm tra m�ch di�u khiSn t�o 24v cdp vao role cao ap,kiSm tra role cao ap