Survey of academic library database licensing practices, 2016 17

37 Table 2 How much did will your library spend in US$ for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format but not for print alone in the following years?. 43Table 3 For

SURVEY OF ACADEMIC LIBRARY DATABASE LICENSING PRACTICES, 2016-17 EDITION

©2016 Primary Research Group Inc ISBN 978-1-57440-399-2

3

THE QUESTIONNAIRE 18

PARTICIPANTS LIST 25

Characteristics of the Sample 26

SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS 27

Characteristics of the Sample 27

Expenditures for Licensing Online Content by Academic Year 27

Licensing Expenditures for 2014-2015 27

Licensing Expenditures for 2015-2016 28

Licensing Expenditures Anticipated for 2016-2017 28

Number of Independent Licenses for Online Content by Academic Year 29

Preferred Database Vendors 30

Percent of Personal Work Time Spent Searching on Google Scholar 30

Opinions about File Sharing Web Sites that Make Copyrighted Publications Available at No Charge 30

Uses of Staff Time Spent on Online Information 31

Spending on eBooks 31

Spending on Bundled Journals Packages 32

Additions of Subtractions Contemplated to the Online Subscription Base 32

Impact of Mobile Computing 32

Role of Consortiums 32

Interest in Databases to Aid in Course Development 33

Content License Pricing 33

Disputes with Information Vendors and Use of Attorneys 33

Invoicing and Payment 34

Success (or not) in Negotiating Contract Terms 34

Disappointing Experiences with Information Vendors 35

Table 1.1 What is the full time equivalent staff of your library? 36

Table 1.2 What is the full time equivalent staff of your library? Broken out for public and private colleges 36

Table 1.3 What is the full time equivalent staff of your library? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 36

Table 1.4 What is the full time equivalent staff of your library? Broken out by Enrollment 36

Table 1.5 What is the full time equivalent staff of your library? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 37

Table 2 How much did (will) your library spend (in US$) for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in the following years? 38

Table 2.1.1 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2014-15? (In US$) 38

Table 2.1.2 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2014-15? (In US$) Broken out for public and private colleges 38

Table 2.1.3 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2014-15? (In US$) Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 38

Table 2.1.4 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2014-15? (In US$) Broken out by Enrollment 39Table 2.1.5 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2014-15? (In US$) Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 39Table 2.2.1 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2015-16? (In US$) 39Table 2.2.2 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2015-16? (In US$) Broken out for public and private colleges 40Table 2.2.3 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2015-16? (In US$) Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 40Table 2.2.4 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2015-16? (In US$) Broken out by Enrollment 40Table 2.2.5 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2015-16? (In US$) Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 41Table 2.3.1 How much will your library spend for content licensed online or with joint

online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2016-17 (anticipated)? (In US$) 42Table 2.3.2 How much will your library spend for content licensed online or with joint

online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2016-17 (anticipated)? (In US$) Broken out for public and private colleges 42Table 2.3.3 How much will your library spend for content licensed online or with joint

online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2016-17 (anticipated)? (In US$) Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 42Table 2.3.4 How much will your library spend for content licensed online or with joint

online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2016-17 (anticipated)? (In US$) Broken out by Enrollment 42Table 2.3.5 How much will your library spend for content licensed online or with joint

online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2016-17 (anticipated)? (In US$) Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 43Table 3 For each of the following years, how many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) did (will) your library maintain? 44Table 3.1.1 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) did your library maintain in 2014-15? 44Table 3.1.2 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) did your library maintain in 2014-15? Broken out for public and private colleges 44Table 3.1.3 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) did your library maintain in 2014-15? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 44Table 3.1.4 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) did your library maintain in 2014-15? Broken out by Enrollment 45

5

Table 3.1.5 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) did your library maintain in 2014-15? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 45Table 3.2.1 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) did your library maintain in 2015-16? 45Table 3.2.2 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) did your library maintain in 2015-16? Broken out for public and private colleges 45Table 3.2.3 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) did your library maintain in 2015-16? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 46Table 3.2.4 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) did your library maintain in 2015-16? Broken out by Enrollment 46Table 3.2.5 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) did your library maintain in 2015-16? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 46Table 3.3.1 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) will your library maintain in 2016-17 (projected)? 46Table 3.3.2 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) will your library maintain in 2016-17 (projected)? Broken out for public and private colleges 47Table 3.3.3 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) will your library maintain in 2016-17 (projected)? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 47Table 3.3.4 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) will your library maintain in 2016-17 (projected)? Broken out by Enrollment 47Table 3.3.5 How many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) will your library maintain in 2016-17 (projected)? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 48Which database vendor would you say provides the best training and what is good about it? 49Table 4.1 About what percentage of your personal time spent searching on online databases is spent on Google Scholar? 51Table 4.2 About what percentage of your personal time spent searching on online databases is spent on Google Scholar? Broken out for public and private colleges 51Table 4.3 About what percentage of your personal time spent searching on online databases is spent on Google Scholar? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 51Table 4.4 About what percentage of your personal time spent searching on online databases is spent on Google Scholar? Broken out by Enrollment 52Table 4.5 About what percentage of your personal time spent searching on online databases is spent on Google Scholar? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 52Table 5.1 Which phrase best sums up your personal feelings about file sharing sites

predominantly in Russia and countries that were formerly part of the old Soviet Union which make available at no charge copyright articles from major publishers, particularly in scientific and medical disciplines, that one would otherwise have to pay for in most cases to obtain access Keep in mind that responses are confidential 53Table 5.2 Which phrase best sums up your personal feelings about file sharing sites

predominantly in Russia and countries that were formerly part of the old Soviet Union which

make available at no charge copyright articles from major publishers, particularly in scientific and medical disciplines, that one would otherwise have to pay for in most cases to obtain access Keep in mind that responses are confidential Broken out for public and private

colleges 54Table 5.3 Which phrase best sums up your personal feelings about file sharing sites

predominantly in Russia and countries that were formerly part of the old Soviet Union which make available at no charge copyright articles from major publishers, particularly in scientific and medical disciplines, that one would otherwise have to pay for in most cases to obtain access Keep in mind that responses are confidential Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 55Table 5.4 Which phrase best sums up your personal feelings about file sharing sites

predominantly in Russia and countries that were formerly part of the old Soviet Union which make available at no charge copyright articles from major publishers, particularly in scientific and medical disciplines, that one would otherwise have to pay for in most cases to obtain access Keep in mind that responses are confidential Broken out by Enrollment 56Table 5.5 Which phrase best sums up your personal feelings about file sharing sites

predominantly in Russia and countries that were formerly part of the old Soviet Union which make available at no charge copyright articles from major publishers, particularly in scientific and medical disciplines, that one would otherwise have to pay for in most cases to obtain access Keep in mind that responses are confidential Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 575.6 Comments: 58Table 6 For each of the following tasks has the use of library staff time in recent years

increased, decreased or remained about the same? 59Table 6.1.1 Has the use of library staff time for examining database contracts in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? 59Table 6.1.2 Has the use of library staff time for examining database contracts in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out for public and private

colleges 59Table 6.1.3 Has the use of library staff time for examining database contracts in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 59Table 6.1.4 Has the use of library staff time for examining database contracts in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Enrollment 60Table 6.1.5 Has the use of library staff time for examining database contracts in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 60Table 6.2.1 Has the use of library staff time for examining eBook contracts in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? 60Table 6.2.2 Has the use of library staff time for examining eBook contracts in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out for public and private

colleges 61Table 6.2.3 Has the use of library staff time for examining eBook contracts in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 61Table 6.2.4 Has the use of library staff time for examining eBook contracts in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Enrollment 61Table 6.2.5 Has the use of library staff time for examining eBook contracts in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 62

7

Table 6.3.1 Has the use of library staff time for monitoring publisher compliance with

contract terms in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? 62Table 6.3.2 Has the use of library staff time for monitoring publisher compliance with

contract terms in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out for public and private colleges 62Table 6.3.3 Has the use of library staff time for monitoring publisher compliance with

contract terms in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 63Table 6.3.4 Has the use of library staff time for monitoring publisher compliance with

contract terms in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Enrollment 63Table 6.3.5 Has the use of library staff time for monitoring publisher compliance with

contract terms in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 64Table 6.4.1 Has the use of library staff time for monitoring library compliance with contract terms in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? 64Table 6.4.2 Has the use of library staff time for monitoring library compliance with contract terms in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out for public and private colleges 64Table 6.4.3 Has the use of library staff time for monitoring library compliance with contract terms in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 65Table 6.4.4 Has the use of library staff time for monitoring library compliance with contract terms in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Enrollment 65Table 6.4.5 Has the use of library staff time for monitoring library compliance with contract terms in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 66Table 6.5.1 Has the use of library staff time for training library patrons in database use in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? 66Table 6.5.2 Has the use of library staff time for training library patrons in database use in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out for public and private colleges 66Table 6.5.3 Has the use of library staff time for training library patrons in database use in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Annual

Tuition, $ 67Table 6.5.4 Has the use of library staff time for training library patrons in database use in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Enrollment 67Table 6.5.5 Has the use of library staff time for training library patrons in database use in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 68Table 6.6.1 Has the use of library staff time for seeking out new databases in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? 68Table 6.6.2 Has the use of library staff time for seeking out new databases in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out for public and private

colleges 68

Table 6.6.3 Has the use of library staff time for seeking out new databases in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 69Table 6.6.4 Has the use of library staff time for seeking out new databases in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Enrollment 69Table 6.6.5 Has the use of library staff time for seeking out new databases in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 70Table 6.7.1 Has the use of library staff time for assuring patron access to databases

increased, decreased or remained about the same in recent years? 70Table 6.7.2 Has the use of library staff time for assuring patron access to databases

increased, decreased or remained about the same in recent years? Broken out for public and private colleges 70Table 6.7.3 Has the use of library staff time for assuring patron access to databases

increased, decreased or remained about the same in recent years? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 71Table 6.7.4 Has the use of library staff time for assuring patron access to databases

increased, decreased or remained about the same in recent years? Broken out by

Enrollment 71Table 6.7.5 Has the use of library staff time for assuring patron access to databases

increased, decreased or remained about the same in recent years? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 72Table 6.8.1 Has the use of library staff time for disputers with vendors in recent years

increased, decreased or remained about the same? 72Table 6.8.2 Has the use of library staff time for disputers with vendors in recent years

increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out for public and private

colleges 72Table 6.8.3 Has the use of library staff time for disputers with vendors in recent years

increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 73Table 6.8.4 Has the use of library staff time for disputers with vendors in recent years

increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Enrollment 73Table 6.8.5 Has the use of library staff time for disputers with vendors in recent years

increased, decreased or remained about the same? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 74Table 7 How much did (will) your library spend (in US$) for e-book licenses in the following years: 75Table 7.1.1 How much did your library spend for e-book licenses in 2014-15? (In US$) 75Table 7.1.2 How much did your library spend for e-book licenses in 2014-15? (In US$) Broken out for public and private colleges 75Table 7.1.3 How much did your library spend for e-book licenses in 2014-15? (In US$) Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 75Table 7.1.4 How much did your library spend for e-book licenses in 2014-15? (In US$) Broken out by Enrollment 75Table 7.1.5 How much did your library spend for e-book licenses in 2014-15? (In US$) Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 76Table 7.2.1 How much did your library spend for e-book licenses in 2015-16? (In US$) 76Table 7.2.2 How much did your library spend for e-book licenses in 2015-16? (In US$) Broken out for public and private colleges 76

9

Table 7.2.3 How much did your library spend for e-book licenses in 2015-16? (In US$) Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 76Table 7.2.4 How much did your library spend for e-book licenses in 2015-16? (In US$) Broken out by Enrollment 77Table 7.2.5 How much did your library spend for e-book licenses in 2015-16? (In US$) Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 77Table 7.3.1 How much will your library spend for e-book licenses in 2016-17 (projected)? (In US$) 77Table 7.3.2 How much will your library spend for e-book licenses in 2016-17 (projected)? (In US$) Broken out for public and private colleges 77Table 7.3.3 How much will your library spend for e-book licenses in 2016-17 (projected)? (In US$) Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 78Table 7.3.4 How much will your library spend for e-book licenses in 2016-17 (projected)? (In US$) Broken out by Enrollment 78Table 7.3.5 How much will your library spend for e-book licenses in 2016-17 (projected)? (In US$) Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 78Table 8 How much did (will) your library spend (in US$) for bundled journal package licenses

in the following years: (include print if combined with eAccess) 79Table 8.1.1 How much did your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2014-15? (In US$) (include print if combined with eAccess) 79Table 8.1.2 How much did your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2014-15? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) Broken out for public and private colleges 79Table 8.1.3 How much did your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2014-15? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 79Table 8.1.4 How much did your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2014-15? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) Broken out by Enrollment 80Table 8.1.5 How much did your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2014-15? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) Broken out by Type or Carnegie class

of the institution 80Table 8.2.1 How much did your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2015-16? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) 80Table 8.2.2 How much did your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2015-16? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) Broken out for public and private colleges 81Table 8.2.3 How much did your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2015-16? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 81Table 8.2.4 How much did your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2015-16? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) Broken out by Enrollment 81Table 8.2.5 How much did your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2015-16? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) Broken out by Type or Carnegie class

of the institution 82Table 8.3.1 How much will your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2016-

17 (projected)? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) 82Table 8.3.2 How much will your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2016-

17 (projected)? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) Broken out for public and private colleges 82

Table 8.3.3 How much will your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in

2016-17 (projected)? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 83Table 8.3.4 How much will your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2016-

17 (projected)? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) Broken out by Enrollment 83Table 8.3.5 How much will your library spend for bundled journal package licenses in 2016-

17 (projected)? (In US$) (Include print if combined with eAccess) Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 83What major additions or subtractions (or both) to your online subscription base are you

planning or contemplating? 84Table 9 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through each of the following means? 86Table 9.1.1 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through laptops? 86Table 9.1.2 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through laptops? Broken out for public and private colleges 86Table 9.1.3 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through laptops? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 86Table 9.1.4 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through laptops? Broken out by Enrollment 86Table 9.1.5 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through laptops? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 87Table 9.2.1 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through fixed computer workstations? 87Table 9.2.2 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through fixed computer workstations? Broken out for public and private colleges 87Table 9.2.3 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through fixed computer workstations? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 88Table 9.2.4 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through fixed computer workstations? Broken out by Enrollment 88Table 9.2.5 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through fixed computer workstations? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 88Table 9.3.1 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through smartphones? 89Table 9.3.2 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through smartphones? Broken out for public and private colleges 89Table 9.3.3 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through smartphones? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 89Table 9.3.4 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through smartphones? Broken out by Enrollment 89Table 9.3.5 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through smartphones? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 90Table 9.4.1 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through tablet computers? 90Table 9.4.2 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by

11

Table 9.4.3 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through tablet computers? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 90Table 9.4.4 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through tablet computers? Broken out by Enrollment 91Table 9.4.5 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through tablet computers? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 91Table 10.1 In how many database licensing consortiums does the library participate (in which

it has at least one active contract) 92Table 10.2 In how many database licensing consortiums does the library participate (in which

it has at least one active contract) Broken out for public and private colleges 92Table 10.3 In how many database licensing consortiums does the library participate (in which

it has at least one active contract) Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 92Table 10.4 In how many database licensing consortiums does the library participate (in which

it has at least one active contract) Broken out by Enrollment 93Table 10.5 In how many database licensing consortiums does the library participate (in which

it has at least one active contract) Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 93Table 11 What percentage of the library's consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through the following type of consortia? 94Table 11.1.1 What percentage of the library's consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through a state university sponsored or led consortia (primary participants are state universities)? 94Table 11.1.2 What percentage of the library's consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through a state university sponsored or led consortia (primary participants are state universities)? Broken out for public and private colleges 94Table 11.1.3 What percentage of the library's consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through a state university sponsored or led consortia (primary participants are state universities)? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 94Table 11.1.4 What percentage of the library's consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through a state university sponsored or led consortia (primary participants are state universities)? Broken out by Enrollment 95Table 11.1.5 What percentage of the library's consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through a state university sponsored or led consortia (primary participants are state universities)? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 95Table 11.2.1 What percentage of the library's consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through a state library or other centralized state entity led consortia (primary participants are libraries of all kinds in a particular state)? 95Table 11.2.2 What percentage of the library's consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through a state library or other centralized state entity led consortia (primary participants are libraries of all kinds in a particular state)? Broken out for public and private colleges 96Table 11.2.3 What percentage of the library's consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through a state library or other centralized state entity led consortia (primary participants are libraries of all kinds in a particular state)? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 96Table 11.2.4 What percentage of the library's consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through a state library or other centralized state entity led consortia

(primary participants are libraries of all kinds in a particular state)? Broken out by

Enrollment 96Table 11.2.5 What percentage of the library's consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through a state library or other centralized state entity led consortia (primary participants are libraries of all kinds in a particular state)? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 97Table 12.1 Contracts through consortiums account for what percentage of the library's total licenses for electronic content? 98Table 12.2 Contracts through consortiums account for what percentage of the library's total licenses for electronic content? Broken out for public and private colleges 98Table 12.3 Contracts through consortiums account for what percentage of the library's total licenses for electronic content? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 98Table 12.4 Contracts through consortiums account for what percentage of the library's total licenses for electronic content? Broken out by Enrollment 99Table 12.5 Contracts through consortiums account for what percentage of the library's total licenses for electronic content? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 99How could the consortium in which your institution participates better serve you? What steps might they take to help you get a better deal on database contracts? 100Table 13 Rate your library's level of interest in the following types of databases that are aids in developing courses and educational materials 102Table 13.1.1 Rate your library's level of interest in a directory of syllabi 102Table 13.1.2 Rate your library's level of interest in a directory of syllabi Broken out for public and private colleges 102Table 13.1.3 Rate your library's level of interest in a directory of syllabi Broken out by

Annual Tuition, $ 102Table 13.1.4 Rate your library's level of interest in a directory of syllabi Broken out by

Enrollment 103Table 13.1.5 Rate your library's level of interest in a directory of syllabi Broken out by Type

or Carnegie class of the institution 103Table 13.2.1 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of videos of classroom

lectures 103Table 13.2.2 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of videos of classroom

lectures Broken out for public and private colleges 104Table 13.2.3 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of videos of classroom

lectures Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 104Table 13.2.4 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of videos of classroom

lectures Broken out by Enrollment 104Table 13.2.5 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of videos of classroom

lectures Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 105Table 13.3.1 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of textbooks 105Table 13.3.2 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of textbooks Broken out for public and private colleges 105Table 13.3.3 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of textbooks Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 106Table 13.3.4 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of textbooks Broken out by Enrollment 106Table 13.3.5 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of textbooks Broken out by

13

Table 13.4.1 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of open access materials for coursework 107Table 13.4.2 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of open access materials for coursework Broken out for public and private colleges 107Table 13.4.3 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of open access materials for coursework Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 107Table 13.4.4 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of open access materials for coursework Broken out by Enrollment 108Table 13.4.5 Rate your library's level of interest in a database of open access materials for coursework Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 108Table 13.5.1 Rate your library's level of interest in a consolidated blog content database for specific academic subject areas 108Table 13.5.2 Rate your library's level of interest in a consolidated blog content database for specific academic subject areas Broken out for public and private colleges 109Table 13.5.3 Rate your library's level of interest in a consolidated blog content database for specific academic subject areas Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 109Table 13.5.4 Rate your library's level of interest in a consolidated blog content database for specific academic subject areas Broken out by Enrollment 109Table 13.5.5 Rate your library's level of interest in a consolidated blog content database for specific academic subject areas Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 110Summarize your feelings about the rate of change in the price of online information over the past two years Have prices gone up? If so by how much in percentage terms? Has the use of free information sources reduced your reliance on paid sources? Feel free to express your sentiments 111Table 14.1 Approximately how many hours of professional legal assistance (from lawyers within or outside of your organization) did the library require for contract review or disputes related to online information contracts in the past year? 114Table 14.2 Approximately how many hours of professional legal assistance (from lawyers within or outside of your organization) did the library require for contract review or disputes related to online information contracts in the past year? Broken out for public and private colleges 114Table 14.3 Approximately how many hours of professional legal assistance (from lawyers within or outside of your organization) did the library require for contract review or disputes related to online information contracts in the past year? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 114Table 14.4 Approximately how many hours of professional legal assistance (from lawyers within or outside of your organization) did the library require for contract review or disputes related to online information contracts in the past year? Broken out by Enrollment 115Table 14.5 Approximately how many hours of professional legal assistance (from lawyers within or outside of your organization) did the library require for contract review or disputes related to online information contracts in the past year? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class

of the institution 115Table 15.1 To the best of your knowledge has the library ever been threatened by a publisher

or information vendor with any form of legal action for contract abrogation, non-payment or any other reason? 116Table 15.2 To the best of your knowledge has the library ever been threatened by a publisher

or information vendor with any form of legal action for contract abrogation, non-payment or any other reason? Broken out for public and private colleges 116

Table 15.3 To the best of your knowledge has the library ever been threatened by a publisher

or information vendor with any form of legal action for contract abrogation, non-payment or any other reason? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 116Table 15.4 To the best of your knowledge has the library ever been threatened by a publisher

or information vendor with any form of legal action for contract abrogation, non-payment or any other reason? Broken out by Enrollment 117Table 15.5 To the best of your knowledge has the library ever been threatened by a publisher

or information vendor with any form of legal action for contract abrogation, non-payment or any other reason? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 117Table 16.1 To the best of your knowledge, has your library ever threatened a publisher or information vendor with legal action over non-performance or other contract abrogation or for any other reason? 118Table 16.2 To the best of your knowledge, has your library ever threatened a publisher or information vendor with legal action over non-performance or other contract abrogation or for any other reason? Broken out for public and private colleges 118Table 16.3 To the best of your knowledge, has your library ever threatened a publisher or information vendor with legal action over non-performance or other contract abrogation or for any other reason? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 118Table 16.4 To the best of your knowledge, has your library ever threatened a publisher or information vendor with legal action over non-performance or other contract abrogation or for any other reason? Broken out by Enrollment 119Table 16.5 To the best of your knowledge, has your library ever threatened a publisher or information vendor with legal action over non-performance or other contract abrogation or for any other reason? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 119Table 17.1 To the best of your knowledge has your institution ever had to pay a penalty or extra fees as a result of an audit by a publisher or other information vendor? 120Table 17.2 To the best of your knowledge has your institution ever had to pay a penalty or extra fees as a result of an audit by a publisher or other information vendor? Broken out for public and private colleges 120Table 17.3 To the best of your knowledge has your institution ever had to pay a penalty or extra fees as a result of an audit by a publisher or other information vendor? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 120Table 17.4 To the best of your knowledge has your institution ever had to pay a penalty or extra fees as a result of an audit by a publisher or other information vendor? Broken out by Enrollment 121Table 17.5 To the best of your knowledge has your institution ever had to pay a penalty or extra fees as a result of an audit by a publisher or other information vendor? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 121Table 18.1 What percentage of your database license contracts have ever been formally

audited by a publisher or other information vendor? 122Table 19 To the best of you knowledge has your organization done any of the following for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? 122Table 19.1.1 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a course in

negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? 122Table 19.1.2 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a course in

negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out for public and private colleges 122

15

Table 19.1.3 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a course in

negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 122Table 19.1.4 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a course in

negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Enrollment 123Table 19.1.5 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a course in

negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 123Table 19.2.1 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a webinar in negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? 123Table 19.2.2 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a webinar in negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out for public and private colleges 123Table 19.2.3 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a webinar in negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 124Table 19.2.4 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a webinar in negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Enrollment 124Table 19.2.5 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a webinar in negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 124Table 19.3.1 To the best of you knowledge has your organization developed a video or other tutorial in negotiating skills for materials acquisition librarians or others entrusted with negotiations with information vendors for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? 124Table 19.3.2 To the best of you knowledge has your organization developed a video or other tutorial in negotiating skills for materials acquisition librarians or others entrusted with negotiations with information vendors for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out for public and private colleges 125Table 19.3.3 To the best of you knowledge has your organization developed a video or other tutorial in negotiating skills for materials acquisition librarians or others entrusted with negotiations with information vendors for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 125Table 19.3.4 To the best of you knowledge has your organization developed a video or other tutorial in negotiating skills for materials acquisition librarians or others entrusted with negotiations with information vendors for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Enrollment 125Table 19.3.5 To the best of you knowledge has your organization developed a video or other tutorial in negotiating skills for materials acquisition librarians or others entrusted with negotiations with information vendors for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 126Table 19.4.1 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a degree strongly related to the acquisition or development of negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? 126

Table 19.4.2 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a degree strongly related to the acquisition or development of negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out for public and private colleges 126Table 19.4.3 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a degree strongly related to the acquisition or development of negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 127Table 19.4.4 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a degree strongly related to the acquisition or development of negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Enrollment 127Table 19.4.5 To the best of you knowledge has your organization paid for a degree strongly related to the acquisition or development of negotiating skills for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 127Table 19.5.1 To the best of you knowledge has your organization formally evaluated the negotiating skills of its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? 127Table 19.5.2 To the best of you knowledge has your organization formally evaluated the negotiating skills of its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts?) Broken out for public and private colleges 128Table 19.5.3 To the best of you knowledge has your organization formally evaluated the negotiating skills of its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 128Table 19.5.4 To the best of you knowledge has your organization formally evaluated the negotiating skills of its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Enrollment 128Table 19.5.5 To the best of you knowledge has your organization formally evaluated the negotiating skills of its librarians for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 128Describe the measures taken by your library or college administration to improve the

negotiating skills of its librarians, particularly those entrusted with negotiating database licensing contracts 129Table 20.1 Approximately how much annual staff time would you say is expended by your library (1 full time person spending all of their time would be about 1900 hours) in reviewing and paying invoices from database vendors? 130Table 20.2 Approximately how much annual staff time would you say is expended by your library (1 full time person spending all of their time would be about 1900 hours) in reviewing and paying invoices from database vendors? Broken out for public and private colleges 130Table 20.3 Approximately how much annual staff time would you say is expended by your library (1 full time person spending all of their time would be about 1900 hours) in reviewing and paying invoices from database vendors? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 130Table 20.4 Approximately how much annual staff time would you say is expended by your library (1 full time person spending all of their time would be about 1900 hours) in reviewing and paying invoices from database vendors? Broken out by Enrollment 131Table 20.5 Approximately how much annual staff time would you say is expended by your library (1 full time person spending all of their time would be about 1900 hours) in reviewing and paying invoices from database vendors? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the

institution 131Table 21.1 As a general rule what percentage of the invoices that you receive for database

17

Table 21.2 As a general rule what percentage of the invoices that you receive for database products would you say are inaccurate? Broken out for public and private colleges 132Table 21.3 As a general rule what percentage of the invoices that you receive for database products would you say are inaccurate? Broken out by Annual Tuition, $ 132Table 21.4 As a general rule what percentage of the invoices that you receive for database products would you say are inaccurate? Broken out by Enrollment 133Table 21.5 As a general rule what percentage of the invoices that you receive for database products would you say are inaccurate? Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution 133What is the one area in negotiations with vendors that you feel you have had the most success

in negotiating? The least success? 134What are some of the most serious issues that you have had with database vendors whom you feel have not kept to contractual terms? 136

THE QUESTIONNAIRE

Contact Information

1 Please give us your basic contact info: name and title, organization name, phone

number and email address

A Name:

B Organization

C Work Title

D Email Address (necessary to receive your free PDF copy)

2 Is your college public or private?

A Public

B Private

3 What is the average annual tuition for your institution prior to any deductions or aid?

4 What is the full time equivalent enrollment of your entire institution?

5 Type or Carnegie class of the institution

19

Database Licensing Volume

7 How much did (will) your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in the following years:

Alternatives to Commercial Subscription Databases

10 About what percentage of your personal time spent searching on online databases is spent on Google Scholar?

11 Which phrase best sums up your personal feelings about file sharing sites

predominantly in Russia and countries that were formerly part of the old Soviet Union which make available at no charge copyright articles from major publishers,

particularly in scientific and medical disciplines, that one would otherwise have to pay for in most cases to obtain access? Keep in mind that responses are confidential

A They are illegal and criminal

B They are illegal and are best avoided

C They may be illegal but using them in isolated cases when no other options exist at reasonable cost is an option

D Using them is an act of civil disobedience and is justified in some cases

E A completely legitimate way to fight the exploitative polices of greedy publishers

Staff Time for Electronic Information

12 For each of the following tasks has the use of library staff time in recent years

increased, decreased or remained about the same?

Taking a Lot Less Staff Time

Taking Less Staff Time Taking About the

Same Amount of Staff Time

Taking More Staff Time

Taking Much More Staff Time

Additions or Subtractions Contemplated

15 What major additions or subtractions (or both) to your online subscription base are you planning or contemplating?

Impact of Mobile Computing

16 About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through each of the following means?

18 What percentage of the library's consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through the following type of consortia?

A A state university sponsored or led consortia (primary participants are state

universities)

B A state library or other centralized state entity led consortia (primary participants are libraries of all kinds in a particular state)

19 Contracts through consortiums account for what percentage of the library's total

licenses for electronic content?

20 How could the consortium in which your institution participates better serve you? What steps might they take to help you get a better deal on database contracts?

Databases and Course Development

21 Rate your library's level of interest in the following types of databases that are aids in developing courses and educational materials

Highly Interested

Interested Some

Interest

Not much interest

Not at all interested Syllabi Database

23

Content License Pricing

22 Summarize your feelings about the rate of change in the price of online information over the past two years Have prices gone up? If so by how much in percentage terms? Has the use of free information sources reduced your reliance on paid sources? Feel free to express your sentiments

Disputes and Legal Expenditures

23 Approximately how many hours of professional legal assistance (from lawyers within

or outside of your organization) did the library require for contract review or disputes related to online information contracts in the past year?

24 To the best of your knowledge has the library ever been threatened by a publisher or information vendor with any form of legal action for contract abrogation, non-payment

or any other reason?

A Yes

B No

25 To the best of your knowledge, has your library ever threatened a publisher or

information vendor with legal action over nonperformance or other contract

abrogation or for any other reason?

27 What percentage of your database license contracts have ever been formally audited by

a publisher or other information vendor?

Skill in Negotiation

28 To the best of you knowledge has your organization done any of the following for its librarians entrusted with negotiating database contracts? (check all that apply)

A Paid for a course in negotiating skills

B Paid for a webinar in negotiating skills

C Developed a video or other tutorial in negotiating skills for materials acquisition librarians or others entrusted with negotiations with information vendors

D Paid for a degree strongly related to the acquisition or development of negotiating skills Formally evaluated the negotiating skills of its librarians

29 Describe the measures taken by your library or college administration to improve the negotiating skills of its librarians, particularly those entrusted with negotiating

database licensing contracts

Invoicing and Payment

30 Approximately how much annual staff time would you say is expended by your library (1 full time person spending all of their time would be about 1900 hours) in reviewing and paying invoices from database vendors?

31 As a general rule what percentage of the invoices that you receive for database

products would you say are inaccurate?

25

PARTICIPANTS LIST

Abilene Christian University Ashesi University College Australian National University Library

Broward College Dallas County Community College District

Dominican University Duncan School of Law Fox Valley Technical College Gogebic Community College LRC Goldey-Beacom College Johns Hopkins University Welch Medical Library

Lewis University Macquarie University Manhattan Area Tech Mercer County Community College

Pfeiffer University Saskatchewan Polytechnic Library Solano Community College Trinity Christian College UCONN Health University at Buffalo University of Bath University of Bridgeport University of Massachusetts Dartmouth

University of West Florida Vanderbilt University Library Wayne State College Library

Wolford College

Characteristics of the Sample

Is your college public or private?

27

SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS

Characteristics of the Sample

Twenty-nine institutions participated in the “Academic Library Database Licensing Practices” survey for 2016-2017 For this survey, we broke the sample out by five sub-categories First,

we asked, “Is your college private or public?” 17 schools are public; 12 are private Next we asked, “What is the annual tuition at your institution prior to any deductions or aid?” Of the entire sample, 8 reported less than $6,000, 7 reported $6,000-$12,000, 7 reported $12,000 - 27,000, and 7 reported more than $27,000 We then asked “What is the full time equivalent enrollment of your entire institution?” Of the sample, 8 institutions have less than 2,200

students, 7 have 2,200-7,000, 7 have 7,000-18,000, and 7 have more than 18,000 We asked the participants to identify their institution’s Carnegie class or type Of the entire sample, 8 are community colleges, 4 are 4-Year colleges, 8 are MA/PHD granting institutions, and 9 are research universities

Finally, we asked the participants to list the full time equivalent staff of their library Of the 29 participants, the mean was 47.42 (range = 1 – 320) The public institutions’ mean full time staff (mean = 63.55, median = 21.00) was greater than that of the private institutions (mean = 25.41, median = 8) The number of full time equivalent staff predictably mirrors the

enrollment of the institutions; those with less than 2,200 students have a mean of 2.84 staff, those with 2,200-7,000 students have a mean of 11.72 staff, those with 7,000-18,000 students have a mean of 64.00 staff, and institutions with more than 18,000 students have a mean of 134.67 full time equivalent staff Research universities have more full time equivalent staff than other Carnegie classes; they report a mean of 111.43 full time staff (median of 55.00) compared with community colleges’ mean of 46.18, 4-year colleges’ mean of 9.7, and MA/PHD granting colleges’ mean of 11.34

DATABASE LICENSING VOLUME

Expenditures for Licensing Online Content by Academic Year

We asked the participants of the Academic Library Database Licensing Practices survey how much their library spends (or will spend) for content licensed online or with joint online

access/print format (but not for print alone) during 2014-2015, 2015-2016, and 2016-2017 (anticipated)

Licensing Expenditures for 2014-2015

Of the entire sample, the reported range spent was $18,000 - $11,000,000, with a mean of 1,608,623.21 When annual tuition was considered, the libraries at institutions with the

highest annual tuition spent more on online licensed content that the lowest tuition, but the

next highest tuition category’s expenditures were unexpected Institutions with less than

$6,000 tuition spent a mean of $1,242,513.57, those with tuition of $6,000-$12,000 spent an average of $1,988,472.67, those with tuition of $12,000-$27,000 spent an average of

$304,332.75, and those with more than $27,000 tuition spent an average of $2,394,456.43

The higher the enrollment, the more funds spent; institutions with less than 2,200 students spent a mean of $101,978 (median = $52,750, range = $18,000 - $400,000), those with 2,200-7,000 students spent a mean of $307,644.14 (median = $420,000.00, range = $56,914.00 -

$550,000.00), those with 7,000-18,000 students spent a mean of $4,128,575.00 (median =

$2,702,150, range = $110,000.00 - $1,100,000.00), and those with more than 18,000 students spent a mean of $3,824,663.40 (median = $2,260,636.00, range = $185,000.00 -

$8,300,000.00) during the 2014-2015 academic year

When results were broken out by Carnegie class or college type, Research Universities spent the most for licensing online content in 2014-2015 They averaged $6,781,327.20 compared with a mean of $126,085 for community colleges, $177,481.50 for 4-year colleges, and

$388,475.00 for MA/PHD granting colleges

Licensing Expenditures for 2015-2016

Results for the 2015-2016 academic year were similar to those from 2014-2015 Of the entire sample, the reported range spent was $18,000 - $11,500,000, with a mean of $1,658,606.96 and a median of $255,551.50

Again, the higher the enrollment, the more funds spent; institutions with less than 2,200

students spent a mean of $106,125 (median = $55,000, range = $18,000 - $420,000), those with 2,200-7,000 students spent a mean of $313,655.43 (median = $425,000.00, range =

$62,284.00 - $585,000.00), those with 7,000-18,000 students spent a mean of $4,290,500.00 (median = $2,773,500, range = $115,000.00 - $1,150,000.00), and those with more than

18,000 students spent a mean of $3,919,995.80 (median = $2,338,876.00, range = $210,000.00

- $8,500,000.00) during the 2015-2016 academic year

When results were broken out by Carnegie class or college type, they also showed a similar trend to the figures reported for 2014-2015, Research Universities spent the most for

licensing online content in 2015-2016 They averaged $6,987,175.20 compared with a mean of

$121,483.86 for community colleges, $174,076.00 for 4-year colleges, and $415,500.00 for MA/PHD granting colleges

Licensing Expenditures Anticipated for 2016-2017

Anticipated expenditures for licensing online content in the future is expected to increase slightly in most categories compared with earlier years Of the entire sample, the reported range to be spent is $12,000 - $12,000,000, with a mean of $1,712,805.46 and a median of

during the during the 2016-2017 academic year

When results were broken out by Carnegie class or college type, they also showed a similar trend to the figures reported earlier Research Universities will spend the most for licensing online content in 2016-2017 They will average $7,208,459.40 compared with a mean of

$136,285.71 for community colleges, $189,258.50 for 4-year colleges, and $419,250.00 for MA/PHD granting colleges

Number of Independent Licenses for Online Content by Academic Year

We asked the participants of the Academic Library Database Licensing Practices survey how many independent licenses for online accessed content (or such content combined with print) did (or will) the library maintain during the academic years of 2014-2015, 2015-2016, and 2016-2017 (projected)

The respondents reported maintaining a mean of 112.91 independent licenses for online content (median 28.00) for 2014-2015, a mean of 116.52 (median 35.00) for 2015-2016, and mean of 118.48 (median 35.00) projected for 2016-2017 All three year categories showed a range of 0-1000

When this question is broken out for institutions based on their annual tuition, there was not

an obvious relationship between annual tuition and number of independent licenses held For example, during 2014-2015, institutions with less than $6000 tuition reported a mean of 58.33, those with tuition of $6,000-$12,000 reported a mean of 136.50, those with tuition of

$12,000-$27,000 reported only 43.80 (range 12-113), while institutions with tuition greater than $27,000 maintained an average of 201.50 independent licenses A similar pattern was seen for the figures reported for the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 years, with the institutions charging $12,000-$27,000 annual tuition maintaining far fewer independent licenses for online content than any other tuition category

When this question is broken out by enrollment, another unusual pattern emerged For the academic year 2014-2015, institutions with enrollment under 2,200 maintained an average of 12.71 independent licenses, those with enrollment of 2,200-7,000 maintained an average of 28.17, those with enrollment of 7,000-18,000 maintained an average of 279.20, while those with more than 18,000 students maintained only an average of 188.60 independent licenses Similar patterns were reported for the academic years 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, with the largest reported figure associated with the next to highest enrollment category

Not surprisingly, in all three academic years, the research universities reported higher

numbers than other types of institutions for online content For example, the anticipated number of licenses for 2016-2017 averaged 363.67 for research universities (range = 92 – 1000), while community colleges anticipate maintaining an average of only 10.33 (range = 2 –

35), 4-year colleges will maintain an average of 16.25 (range = 0-30), and MA/PHD granting colleges will maintain an average of 59.43 (range 6 – 200)

Preferred Database Vendors

When asked to list their recommended database vendors, six of eight respondents from

community colleges listed EBSCO, two of three 4-year college responses listed EBSCO, and three of six MA/PHD granting colleges providing an opinion also listed EBSCO Of the

responses received from research universities, only one of eight responses listed EBSCO ALTERNATIVES TO COMMERCIAL SUBSCRIPTION DATABASES

Percent of Personal Work Time Spent Searching on Google Scholar

The respondents were asked “About what percentage of your personal time spent searching online databases is spent on Google Scholar?” Of the entire sample, the range was 0 – 70%, with a mean of 8.52% The average was higher for private colleges (mean = 14.68%) than for public colleges (mean = 4.53%)

When broken out by enrollment, the respondents from smaller schools reported a higher percent of their time using Google Scholar; colleges with enrollment less than 2,200 reported a mean of 16.13% (range 0 – 70%), enrollment of 2,200-7,000 averaged 6.07% (range = 5 – 30%), those with enrollment of 7,000 – 18,000 averaged 9.17% (range = 0 – 30%), and those with more than 18,000 students averaged only 1.71% of their time searching Google Scholar (range = 0 – 10%)

Opinions about File Sharing Web Sites that Make Copyrighted Publications Available at

No Charge

Survey participants were asked the following multiple choice question, “Which phrase best sums up your personal feelings about file sharing sites predominantly in Russia and countries that were formerly part of the old Soviet Union which make available at no charge copyright articles from major publishers, particularly in scientific and medical disciplines, that one would otherwise have to pay for in most cases to obtain access? Keep in mind that responses are confidential.”

Of the twenty-nine survey respondents, 10.34% answered that these sites are illegal and criminal, while 37.93% responded that they are illegal and are best avoided Another 37.93% answered that these sites are illegal, but using them in isolated cases when no other options exit at reasonable cost is an option Some 6.9% responded that using these sites is an act of civil disobedience and is justified in some cases, while 3.45% remarked that these are a

completely legitimate way to fight the exploitative policies of greedy publishers Only 3.45%

31

The top response from respondents from public institutions (47.06%) chose the response that these sites are illegal and best avoided, while the most frequent response chosen by those from private institutions was that the use of these illegal sites in isolated cases when no other options exist at a reasonable cost is an option

Uses of Staff Time Spent on Online Information

The survey takers were asked, “For each of the following tasks has the use of library staff time

in recent years increased, decreased or remained about the same?” The topics were for a variety of tasks used in managing electronic information and included: examining database contracts, examining eBook contracts, monitoring publisher compliance with contract terms, training library patrons in database use, seeking out new databases, assuring patron access to databases, and disputes with vendors Answer choices were “Taking a lot less staff time, taking less staff time, taking about the same amount of staff time, taking more staff time, and taking much more staff time.”

Almost all of the categories of respondents answered that, in recent years, these activities have taken about the same amount of time For example, when specifically asked about examining database contracts, almost all categories most often responded that this activity takes about the same amount of time as it always has Some notable exceptions are that institutions with 7,000 – 18,000 students reported that this activity takes more time than it used to There was

a wide range of responses for research universities; though 33.33% claimed the activity took the same amount of time as before, 22, 22% responded in the “more”, “much more” and “less” time categories

A similar question about time spent examining eBook contracts resulted in somewhat lower percentages of respondents saying the activity took the same amount of time as in the past, though this was still the most frequently chosen answer for most categories Similar results were seen for other topics

One topic category that showed a general trend for more staff time was that of training library patrons in database use For the entire sample, 37.93% reported that this takes more time than it used to – compared with 31.03% reporting similar time commitment In particular, the private institutions showed fully half of the respondents (50%) claimed this activity took more staff time than in the past and 16.67% reported that it took “much more” time This may

simply reflect the increased digitization of library collections but may also reflect greater information literacy efforts to teach use of digital resources

Spending on eBooks

We asked how much the institutions spent (or planned to spend) on eBook licenses for the three academic years under review

During the academic year 2014-2015, the institutions spent an average of $63,624.65 (range =

0 - $400,000) on eBook licenses Public schools spent more (mean = $82,598) than private schools (mean = $38,959.29) Similar discrepancies were seen for 2015-2016 expenditures and 2016-2017 projections

Spending on Bundled Journals Packages

For a similar question on expenses for bundled journal packages licenses, some similar

patterns emerged For the entire sample, the mean spent (or to be spent) for the three

academic years was $774,801.14 for 2014-2015, $812,690.86 for 2015-2016, and $841,406.23 for 2016-2017 Not surprisingly, the research universities reported much higher journal

bundle expenditures than other Carnegie categories In 2014-2015, research universities spent a mean of $3,154,365, while community colleges spent a mean of $47,497.50, 4-year colleges spent an average of $105,605.00, and MA/PHD granting colleges spent an average of

$84,000.00 Similar patterns of spending were reported for 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, though with slightly higher figures

Additions of Subtractions Contemplated to the Online Subscription Base

The survey respondents were asked “What major additions or subtractions (or both) to your online subscription base are you planning or contemplating?” Although many respondents reported that they do not plan a change, others listed plans to drop journals that are not

frequently used or that have high costs associated with licensing There were no similar

responses between or within Carnegie categories

Impact of Mobile Computing

The survey included the question, “About what percentage of online database use at your library is accounted for by access through the following means?” Multiple choices were

laptops, fixed computer workstations, smartphones, and tablet computers For the entire sample, laptops were said to be used to access library databases an average of 42% of the time, fixed computers 40.33% of the time, smartphones 8.40% of the time, and tablets 10.69% of the time

Role of Consortiums

Survey takers were asked, “In how many database licensing consortiums does the library participate (in which it has at least one active contract)?” For the entire sample, the mean was only 1.96 (median = 2.00, range = 0 – 4) Yet, when asked “What percentage of the library’s consortia database licenses by total dollar volume of spending are through the following

consortia?” – with several categories to choose from, their answers For the whole sample, the mean response was 25.18% (range = 0 – 100%) through a state university sponsored or led

33

consortia, while 27.79% were through a state library or other centralized state entity led consortia

Asked “Contracts through consortiums account for what percentage of the library’s total

licenses for electronic content?” respondents’ average response was 56.46% of the budget (range = 0 – 100%) A similar average was seen in almost all categories of the respondents’ demographics

When asked how the consortium in which their institution participates could better serve them, a wide range of answers reflected the libraries’ varying needs Many said no change is needed, but others mentioned lower costs and improved communications

Interest in Databases to Aid in Course Development

Survey respondents were asked “Rate your library’s level of interest in the following types of databases that are aids in developing course and educational material.” The listed databases were: syllabi database, video database of classroom lectures, database of textbooks, database

of open access materials for coursework, and consolidated blog content database for specific academic subject areas Response choices for each database type were: no answer, highly interested, interested, some interest, not much interest, not at all interested

Considering the entire sample, there was stronger interest in the textbook database than others 37.93% selected “highly interested,” 27.59% selected “interested,” and 10.34% showed

“some interest.’ Likewise, the database of open access material for coursework showed strong interest: 37.93% selected “highly interested,” 34.4% were “interested,” and 13.7% selected

“some interest.”

Content License Pricing

When asked, “Summarize your feelings about the rate of change in the price of online

information over the past two years Have prices gone up? If so by how much in percentage terms? Has the use of free information sources reduced your reliance on paid sources? Feel free to express your sentiments,” respondents had a wide range of answers Most institutions report price increases in the 4 -6%, range example over recent years

Disputes with Information Vendors and Use of Attorneys

Questioned with “Approximately how many hours of professional legal assistance (from

lawyers within or outside of your organization) did the library require for contract review or disputes related to online information contracts in the past year?” the mean response was 3.96 (median = 0, range = 0 -40)

When asked, “To the best of your knowledge has the library ever been threatened by a

publisher or information vendor with any form of legal action for contract abrogation,

non-payment or any other reason?” the vast majority (82.76%) responded “No.” This trend was consistent for most categories of the sample A notable exception was that 100% of the 4-year college respondents answered “No” and only 62.5% of the MA/PHD granting colleges did so

Likewise, when asked “To the best of your knowledge, has your library ever threatened a publisher or information vendor with legal action over non-performance or other contract abrogation or for any other reason?” almost all (93.1%) responded “No” and this response trend held for all categories

Also, when asked “To the best of your knowledge has your institution ever had to pay a

penalty or extra fees as a result of an audit by a publisher or other information vendor?” most respondents answered “No,” although 13.7% were not sure and 6.9% did not provide an

answer In no category of respondents (tuition, enrollment, Carnegie type, etc.) was there a

“Yes” response to this question

Invoicing and Payment

When asked, “Approximately how much annual staff time would you say is expended by your library (1 full time person spending all of their time would be about 1900 hours) in reviewing and paying invoices from database vendors?” respondents reported a mean of 858.22 (median

= 500, range = 1 – 3800) For public institutions, the mean response was 1030.13 (range = 1 – 3800), while private institutions indicated a mean of 608.18 (range = 5 – 1900) Institutions with higher enrollment responded with higher average time; schools with less than 2,200 students indicated a mean of 170.43 staff hours, schools with 2,200-7,000 answered with a mean of 459.86, schools with 7,000 – 18,000 students showed a mean of 826.33, and schools with more than 18,000 students indicated a mean of 1971.71 Research institutions had a mean of 2002.25 hours of staff time, while community colleges had a mean of 120.50, 4-year colleges had a mean of 271.25, and MA/PHD granting colleges indicated a mean of 729.29

When asked “As a general rule, what percentage of the invoices that you receive for database products would you say are inaccurate?” Respondents from the entire sample indicated a mean of 7.61% (range = 0 – 100%) Public universities (mean = 11.13%, range = 0 – 100%) – especially research universities (mean = 16.38%, range = 0 – 100%) seemed to report the greatest problem with invoicing not reflecting contract terms or simply being incorrect

Success (or not) in Negotiating Contract Terms

Survey takers were asked the open ended question, “What is the one area in negotiations with vendors that you feel you have had the most success in negotiating?” Most indicated pricing (reduction) and there was some success reported with negotiating terms related to permitted uses of databases

35

Disappointing Experiences with Information Vendors

Finally, the survey respondents were asked “What are some of the most serious issues that you have had with database vendors whom you feel have not kept to contractual terms?” Many institutions reported no problems in this area, but some mentioned software (database) not working, lack of flexibility with payment schedules, and issues related to the vendor keeping personal information on students

Table 1.1 What is the full time equivalent staff of your library?

Table 2 How much did (will) your library spend (in US$) for content

licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in the following years?

Table 2.1.1 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2014-15? (In US$)

Entire sample 1608623.21 281340.50 18000.00 11000000.00

Table 2.1.2 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2014-15? (In US$) Broken out for public and private colleges

39

Table 2.1.4 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2014-15? (In US$) Broken out by Enrollment

Less than 2200 101978.88 52750.00 18000.00 400000.00

2200-7000 307644.14 420000.00 56914.00 550000.00

7000+ -18000 4128575.00 2702150.00 110000.00 11000000.00 More than

18000 3824663.40 2260636.00 185000.00 8300000.00

Table 2.1.5 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2014-15? (In US$) Broken out by Type or Carnegie class of the institution

Table 2.2.2 How much did your library spend for content licensed online or with joint online access/print format (but not for print alone) in 2015-16? (In US$) Broken out for public and private colleges

Less than 2200 106125.00 55000.00 18000.00 420000.00

2200-7000 313655.43 425000.00 62284.00 585000.00

7000+ -18000 4290500.00 2773500.00 115000.00 11500000.00 More than

18000 3919995.80 2338876.00 210000.00 8500000.00