Test bank for robbins and cotran pathologic basis of disease 9th edition by kumar

Basal cell carcinoma of the skin 4.. Adenocarcinoma of the stomach ANS: A, Basal cell carcinomas of the skin, the most common malignant tumor in the human body, is a locally invasive ma

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Test Bank for Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th

Edition by Kumar

Chapter 07: Neoplasia

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 Which of the following tumors occurs most often in the ovary?

2 Chondroma

3 Hemangioma

4 Leiomyoma

5 Transitional cell papilloma

6 Cystadenoma

ANS: E, Cystadenomas, which may contain serous fluid or mucin and are thus called serous or mucinous cystadenomas, are typically found in the ovary These benign tumors have malignant counterparts known as cystadenocarcinomas

2 Which one of the following carcinomas is locally invasive but rarely forms metastases in lymph nodes and distant sites?

3 Basal cell carcinoma of the skin

4 Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

5 Oat cell carcinoma of the lung

6 Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

7 Adenocarcinoma of the stomach

ANS: A, Basal cell carcinomas of the skin, the most common malignant tumor in the human body, is a locally invasive malignant tumor, which, if untreated, could

ultimately kill the host However, these tumors are usually diagnosed early and removed adequately, so that they almost never metastasize

3 Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a complication of which tumor?

4 Serous cystadenoma of the ovary

5 Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary

6 Ovarian fibroma

7 Myxoma of the heart

8 Myxosarcoma of the lower extremity

ANS: B, Pseudomyxoma of the ovary usually results from peritoneal seeding of mucin-secreting tumors of the ovary or the gastrointestinal tract, and most often the appendix Although the ovarian tumor is benign, the implants of the tumor cells seeding the peritoneal cavity can be difficult to eradicate The cells continue to

secrete mucin and fill the abdominal cavity, colloquially known as “jelly-belly.”

4 Which mechanism affecting the genes or chromosomes accounts for the

activation of the c-myc protooncogene in Burkitt lymphoma cells?

5 Overexpression

6 Amplification

7 Point mutation

8 Translocation

9 Inactivation of its promotor

ANS: D, Translocation of the c-myc protooncogene from its normal site on

chromosome 8 to chromosome 14 results in the formation of the myc oncogene and

plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma

5 Homogeneous staining regions (HSR) of chromosome 2p, the site of the N-myc gene, are adverse prognostic signs if found in neuroblastoma cells HRS

are evidence of gene

6 deletion

7 amplification

8 point mutation

9 translocation

10 inversion

ANS: B, Homogeneous staining regions and double minutes are signs of gene

amplification Amplification of the N-myc oncogene in neuroblastoma cells is a poor

prognostic finding

6 In which cell function is BRCA1, a gene mutated in women with familial breast

carcinoma, involved?

7 Cell adhesion

8 Growth inhibition

9 Signal transduction

10 Cell surface channel

11 Transcriptional regulation and DNA repair

ANS: E, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes whose true function has not

been fully elucidated It is thought that they participate in the transcriptional

regulation and interact with proteins that regulate double-strand DNA repair

7 Germ line mutation of E-cadherin is found in familial cases of

8 lymphoblastic lymphoma

9 Ewing sarcoma

10 neuroblastoma

11 gastric carcinoma

12 seminoma

ANS: D, E-cadherin is a cell-to-cell adhesion molecule that serves to hold many

epithelial cells together This surface adhesion molecule is often lost in

adenocarcinomas, accounting for the invasive growth of these neoplasms Germ line mutation of the E-cadherin gene has been found in families with gastric carcinoma

8 Germ line mutation of the Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene is associated with

formation of retinal angiomas and

9 glioblastoma multiforme

10 oligodendroglioma

11 neurinomas

12 ependymomas

13 cerebellar hemangioblastomas

ANS: E, Von Hippel–Lindau syndrome was originally described as a syndrome

comprising angiomas of the retina and hemangioblastomas of the cerebellum It is

linked to the germ line mutation of the VHL tumor suppressor gene These patients

are at risk of developing renal cell carcinoma and pheochromocytomas Mutations of

the VHL gene also have been found in sporadic renal carcinomas unrelated to Von

Hippel–Lindau syndrome

9 Microsatellite instability, a marker of DNA mismatch repair, is typically found

in

10 hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

11 familial adenomatous polyposis coli

12 T-cell lymphoma

13 B-cell lymphoma

14 myelogenous leukemia

ANS: A, Mutations of human DNA mismatch repair genes play a pathogenetic role in the development of colonic cancers in families with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) Due to the error in mismatch repair, the microsatellite sequences (normally fixed for life and the same in every tissue) expand They account for the microsatellite instability, a hallmark of all conditions with defective DNA mismatch repair

10 Matrix metalloproteinases secreted by tumor cells are important for which feature of malignant tumors?

11 Desmoplasia

12 Anaplasia

13 Invasiveness

14 Apoptosis

15 Differentiation

ANS: C, Matrix metalloproteinases, such as type IV collagenase, are important for the invasive growth of tumor cells These enzymes degrade the basement membranes and the extracellular matrix, allowing the tumor cells to penetrate into the tissues, lymphatics, and blood vessels

11 Which enzymes in the liver account for the activation of most procarcinogens into carcinogens?

12 Cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxidases

13 Aminotransferases

14 Hydroxylases

15 Glutathione dehydrogenase

16 Caspases

ANS: A, Most of the exogenous procarcinogens are activated into carcinogens in the liver through the action of microsomal cytochrome P-450–dependent

mono-oxidases found in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes Susceptibility

to carcinogens is in part determined by the polymorphism of genes that encode these enzymes

12 Which is the most common radiation-induced cancer in humans?

13 Thyroid cancer

14 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

15 Breast cancer

16 Lung cancer

17 Salivary gland carcinoma

ANS: B, Leukemias represent the most common radiation-induced cancer in

humans, closely followed by thyroid cancer, which is the most common malignancy

in young persons

13 Helicobacter pylori infection predisposes to formation of gastric tumors, but

the association between the bacterial infection and a gastric tumor is the strongest for

14 adenocarcinoma of the stomach

15 gastrointestinal stromal tumors

16 marginal zone lymphomas

17 T-cell lymphoma

18 Burkitt lymphoma

ANS: C, The best and strongest evidence links Helicobacter pylori infection with the

onset of mucosa-associated B-cell lymphomas (MALTomas) of the stomach, which

are also known as marginal zone lymphomas It is thought that H pylori activates T

cells, which in turn promote polyclonal proliferation of B cells in the gastric mucosa

In this process, some cells obviously become malignant and give rise to T-cell

independent low-grade monoclonal lymphomas

14 Clubbing of the digits, periosteal new bone formation on the metatarsals, metacarpals, and proximal phalanges, and arthritis of adjacent joints is a paraneoplastic syndrome most often associated with carcinoma of the

15 thyroid

16 larynx

17 bronchi

18 liver

19 stomach

ANS: C, Clubbing of the fingers and related bone and joint changes of the hand and fingers are signs of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, which most often occurs in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma The pathogenesis of these changes is not known

Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease: 9th Edition Test Bank – Kumar