Test bank for ebersole and hessu2019 gerontological nursing healthy aging 4th edition by touhy

PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: 184-186 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2.. PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: 186-188 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Hea

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Ebersole and Hess’ Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging: 4th

Edition Test Bank – Touhy

Sample Chapter 12: Promoting Healthy Skin and Feet Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 Which of the following is an important consideration about the skin of an older adult person?

ANS: C

Thin skin–reduced sebaceous protection, vascular insufficiency, and longer periods in stationary positions promote skin damage for older adults Because moisture is lost more

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rapidly from the skin of an older adult, excessive use of soap tends to dehydrate the skin more severely than it does in a younger person Sweat gland activity does not increase in older age, but moisture is lost more rapidly because the skin is thinner and sebum

secretion is reduced Changes of skin color in areas exposed to the sun are of greater concern than those in unexposed areas

PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: 184-186

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2 A dermatologist should promptly evaluate which one of the following skin

lesions?

wax

ANS: B

A multicolored raised lesion with a fuzzy border must be promptly evaluated; this lesion

is a malignant melanoma A circumscribed, raised area resembling a blob of brown wax reflects seborrheic keratosis A bright red, glazed area with satellite lesions around it is

a Candida infection A brown spot on the skin with no raised area is lentigo

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PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: 186-188

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance

3 Which topical agent is safe to apply?

ANS: D

Light mineral oil to moisten skin after bathing helps replace the sebum layer and retain the moisture in the skin Cornstarch is a substance that promotes fungal growth Betadine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, and some soaps are damaging to newly formed skin Corn preparations dissolve healthy tissue along with the corn

PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: 184-185 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation

MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment

4 An older patient complains of dry skin and asks for advice Which advice should the nurse offer for improving dry skin?

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a Add oil to the bath water to keep skin soft

ANS: B

Tepid bath water minimizes moisture loss from skin Oil added to the bathtub increases the risk of slipping and falling, which can result in a catastrophic injury Oils should be applied directly to moist skin after bathing Humidity should be maintained at

approximately 60%; the person may not be able to move Vigorous, rough towel drying increases skin irritation

PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: 185

TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance

5 Which of the following is a true statement about impaired skin integrity?

the subcutaneous tissues regenerate

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c Muscle and fat cannot regenerate

pressure ulcers

ANS: C

Because subcutaneous tissues such as muscle and fat are not regenerated but simply replaced by granular tissue, the staging of pressure ulcers is never reversed Stasis ulcers are the result of the leakage of blood from veins beneath the skin Pressure ulcers are caused when perfusion to the tissue is impaired by external pressure that causes tissue injury and death Sufficient nutrition is essential in maintaining skin integrity

PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: 189-193 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation

MSC: Physiological Integrity

6 An older adult woman complains of foot pain from a corn After assessing her feet, which intervention should the nurse implement to alleviate her discomfort safely?

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d Tape her toe with the corn to the other toes

ANS: A

A corn pad altered this way surrounds the corn without adding pressure over it If an oval corn pad is used without being cut to a U shape, then it aggravates pressure over the corn and can reduce circulation to the covered tissue For the surgical removal of a corn, the patient should be referred to the podiatrist Taping the toes replaces pressure from the shoe with pressure from the tape

PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: 193-196

7 Which of the following is a true statement about skin care for older adults?

of a patient with diabetes

creams or powders

rounded edge

xerosis

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ANS: D

Oral hydration and lubrication will decrease the incidence of xerosis Only a registered nurse who has special training, a nurse practitioner, or a podiatrist should perform diabetic foot care The treatment of onychomycosis is difficult because of the limited blood supply to the nails Oral medications are expensive and toxic A toenail should be cut flat across Rounding can lead to ingrown toenails

PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: 184-196 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation

MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance

8 The nurse plans care to protect the skin covering an older adult’s greater

trochanter Which of the following interventions is the nurse’s priority when the older adult is positioned on the side?

ANS: A

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The most important nursing intervention when an older adult is positioned on the side is

to relieve pressure on the head of the femur and the greater trochanter; the greater

trochanter is the most prominent bony projection on the side of a body By turning the older adult at intervals, the nurse helps maintain tissue perfusion, thus providing

oxygenation to tissues and allowing the removal of waste from vulnerable skin The nurse places a pillow between the knees to help maintain physiological body alignment and to prevent strain on the hips and spine; if positioned properly, the pillow can help maintain tissue integrity of the medial malleolus and ankle by elevating them off the mattress However, because the nurse’s priority is to maintain tissue oxygenation, preventing muscle and joint strain is not as important The nurse keeps the skin clean and dry to help maintain skin integrity, but this intervention is not as important as maintaining tissue oxygenation The nurse uses the Sims’ position to supplement turning; when in the Sims’ position, the patient is on the side but rotated slightly forward, allowing the chest and abdomen to fall forward to relieve some of the pressure on the patient’s side

PTS: 1 DIF: Analyze REF: 184-193

TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Physiological Integrity

9 An older adult is vitamin deficient Which of the following does the nurse offer to the older adult to provide the important missing vitamin for maintaining healthy skin and enhancing tissue repair?

ANS: C

Orange slices provide vitamin C, which is important for healthy tissues and gums, tissue repair and healing, and the maintenance of blood vessels Although carrots sticks are a good source of beta carotene, fiber, and vitamin A and important in the formation of epithelial tissue and although milk provides calcium for bone strength and protein for

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tissue repair, neither carrots nor milk address vitamin deficiency Unsalted nuts provide healthy fats, fiber, and other nutrients but not vitamin C

PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: 193

TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Physiological Integrity

10 The nurse monitors for which clinical indicator when the older adult complains of pruritus?

ANS: A

The nurse is alert for rough, dry, flaky skin when an older adult complains of pruritus to

be able to prevent linear excoriation leading to skin breaks, excoriation, inflammation, and infection A brown macule is a freckle or a liver spot, an indication of sun exposure Brownish skin is a clinical indicator of venous insufficiency Regional edema is a sign of fluid overload and venous insufficiency; localized edema is a sign of infection

PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: 185 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning

11 The nurse cares for an older man who has a malignant melanoma Which

intervention should the nurse implement for this man to prevent a recurrence or advancement of this condition in the future?

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a Place posters about sunscreen in the halls of his

apartment building

neighborhood health fair

daily

all times

ANS: D

The nurse caring for an older adult in acute care instructs him to wear sun-protective garments at all times to help prevent additional skin cancers, as well as apply an effective sunscreen to protect his skin against ultraviolet light Placing posters and promoting sunscreen at a health fair are interventions for a community nurse Scheduling activities after a specific time can be impractical or impossible

12 Which infection-control practice should the nurse implement when caring for an older adult who has active herpes zoster?

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a Wear a face shield and gown for all patient contact

mask

ANS: D

Herpes zoster in an adult is spread through contact; therefore the nurse applies the

principles of contact precautions when caring for an older adult with active herpes zoster

To reduce the transmission of the virus through contact, the nurse keeps the ruptured lesions covered A face shield is not necessary when caring for an adult with herpes zoster; however, a gown can be necessary during dressing changes or any time that splashing can occur Airborne precautions and a respirator-type mask are indicated for infections transmitted through the air Because active herpes zoster in an older adult is transmitted through contact, negative airflow is not indicated

PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: 186

13 The nurse is conducting an admission assessment on an older adult and notes a small lesion with a multicolor appearance Which assessment approach should the nurse use?

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a Braden Scale

ANS: C

The ABCD rule is used to assess potential cancerous lesions for asymmetry, border irregularity, color, and diameter The Braden Scale is used for predicting pressure ulcers Wound staging is used during the assessment of pressure ulcers The PUSH tool provides

a detailed form that covers all aspects of an assessment

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Physiological Integrity

14 A nurse will be conducting an educational session on preventing skin cancer at a local senior citizens center Which should the nurse include in the session?

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c Actinic keratosis begins as a pearly papule

ANS: A

Squamous cell lesion may appear like a wart and be hard with defined borders Basal cell carcinoma is more prevalent in fair-skinned older men and begins as a pearly papule A multicolored, raised lesion with asymmetrical borders characterizes melanoma

PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: 187 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning

15 Which nursing intervention is most likely to prevent the creation of an

environment conducive to fungal growth?

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ANS: C

Fungal infections are most likely to begin in moist, dark areas of the body such as under the breasts and at the perineum; thus the nurse works to keep the skin of these areas, as well as all skin, clean and dry and to prevent tissue irritation from harsh drying

Providing oral care with a soft-bristled brush is ineffective therapy for preventing an

oral Candida infection (thrush) Besides, thrush is usually an opportunistic infection

caused by immunosuppression Reddened tissue can be already infected; nonetheless, applying an antifungal agent is an indicated treatment for a fungal infection Applying antifungal lotion and keeping an area moist can contribute to fungal overgrowth

PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: 188

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Physiological Integrity

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1 The nurse determines the risk for a pressure ulcer in an older adult who is 6 feet tall and weighs 155 pounds Which patient information should the nurse use in

planning care to reduce this individual’s risk for a pressure ulcer? (Select all that

apply.)

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e Serum sodium 135 mEq/dl

ANS: B, C, D, F

One area of concern the nurse should address is the potential for skin breakdown related

to possible pain or immobility due to arthritic changes The nurse also plans care to

address dehydration as a significant risk factor for pressure ulcers because this man is underweight, malnourished, and dehydrated as evidenced by dry mucous membranes Dehydration increases the risk for pressure ulcers because water is essential for

intracellular functioning and cell durability The nurse plans care based on the assessment

of hypoproteinemia because this man is underweight and malnourished, significantly increasing his risk for pressure ulcers

A fasting glucose showing hyperglycemia is a clinical indicator of diabetes mellitus; therefore the nurse plans care to manage the hyperglycemia Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of pressure ulcers as a result of the greater likelihood of impaired tissue

perfusion, impaired wound healing, and a greater occurrence of peripheral neuropathies

In addition, impaired tissue sensation as a result of nerve damage from hyperglycemia increases the risk of injury and infection for individuals with diabetes mellitus A

characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus is a low weight-for-height ratio This man has limited resources for obtaining food, considering that he uses food stamps, and is

therefore at risk for malnutrition, which increases the risk for pressure ulcers

Osteoarthritis in the neck is not related to the nursing care planned to reduce the risk for pressure ulcers; it should not impair this older adult’s mobility or ability to obtain and prepare food His sodium level is within normal limits

PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: 189-193 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning

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2 Although intact skin effectively protects an individual, it functions within

physiological limits Which qualities of healthy skin work synergistically within these limits to absorb, cushion against, deflect, or neutralize potentially harmful forces, as well as protect against potentially harmful substances that might impair

skin integrity? (Select all that apply.)

ANS: A, B, D

Skin must be strong enough to withstand forces that can impair its integrity If skin is not supple, then it is unable to withstand directional forces and will tear Skin must be sturdy enough to act as an effective protective mechanism All skin must be able to absorb, cushion, and withstand forces Skin in a moist environment is subject to bacterial and fungal overgrowth Skin pigmentation is unrelated to its ability to cushion, absorb, and withstand potentially harmful substances and forces

PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: 184-185

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