The Present Continuous Tense S + am/is/are + V-ing - Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói hoặc xung quanh thời điểm nói.. The Present Perfect Continuous: S + have/has+
Trang 1TỔNG HỢP CÁC THÌ (TENSES) TRONG TIẾNG ANH
1 The Present Simple Tense:
- ‘to be’: S +
am/is/are
- ordinary verbs: S
+ V 1 -s/-es
- Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiển hiên
Ex: The sun rises in the East
- Diễn tả thói quen, hành động thường xuyên xảy ra ở hiện tại
Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle
- Diễn tả hành động , sự việc tương lai sẽ xảy ra theo thời gian biểu hay lịch trình
Ex: The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning
today, always, often, usually, sometimes, occasionally, never, generally, forever, rarely, every day/ year/ once/ three times
a week/a month,
2 The Present Continuous Tense
S + am/is/are +
V-ing
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói hoặc xung quanh thời điểm nói
Ex: Tom is having dinner at the moment
Be quiet! The baby is sleeping
- Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai có kế hoạch trước:
Ex: George is leaving for New York tomorrow
What are you doing tonight?
now, right now,
at the moment,
at present, ; Look!, Listen!,
3 The Present Perfect Tense
S + have/has +
V 3 -ed
- Diễn tả một hành động vừ mới xảy ra
Ex: I have just finished my homework
- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định rõ thời điểm
Ex: Have you had breakfast? – No, I haven’t
- Diễn tả hảnh động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại, và có thể tiếp tục ở tương lai
Ex: Mary has lived in this house for ten years
- Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần
Ex: I have seen this film three times
- Dùng trong cấu trúc:
Be + the first/second… time + S + have/has + V3/ed
Be + the ss nhất + N + S + have/has + V3/ed
Ex: This is the first time I have been to Paris
She is the most honest person I have ever met
never, ever, recently, lately, already, up to now, so far, for a long time, for ages, since, for, just, yet, several times, many times, How long,
in the last hundred years,
4 The Present Perfect Continuous:
S + have/has+
been + V-ing
Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại (nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động)
Notes: Không dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn để nói
những tình huống tồn tại 1 thời gian dài nhất là khi có
always
Ex: Alice has always worked hard (Không dùng has always
How long, since, for
Trang 25 The Simple Past tense
- ‘tobe’: S +
was/were
- ordinary verbs: S
+ V 2 -ed
- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Ex: My mother left this city three years ago
- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra suốt thời gian dài trong quá khứ nhưng đã hoàn tòan chấm dứt
Ex: Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/ month/ year/ Christmas,
in 1995,
6 The Past Continuous Tense:
S + was/were +
V-ing
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở một thời điểm hay cả một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ
Ex: I was watching a football match on T.V at 8 o'clock last night
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ (QKTD) thì một hành động khác xảy ra (quá khứ đơn) Ex: I was having dinner when he came
- Diễn tả hai hoặc nhiều hành động xảy ra đồng thời tại cùng một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Ex: At 8p.m yesterday, Mary was watching TV while
Tom was reading a newspaper
at 7.00 pm yesterday, at this time last night, when, while,
7 The Past Perfect Tense:
S + had + V 3 -ed
Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trước một thời điểm hay một sự việc khác trong quá khứ
Ex: He had worked in that company for 5 years before
1995
The train had gone when we arrived the station
Before, after, up
to then, when,
8 The Past Perfect Continuous:
S + had been +
V-ing
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động quá khứ đã xảy ra và kéo dài cho đến khi hành động quá khứ thứ
2 xảy ra(hành động thứ 2 dùng Past Simple) thường khoảng thời gian kéo dài được êu rõ trong câu
Ex: The man had been playing cards for 3 hours before I came
9 The Simple Future Tense
S + will + V 0
I, we + will/ shall
+ V 0
- Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai
Ex: He will be 20 next week
- Diễn đạt ý kiến, đưa ra lời hứa hoặc một quyết định tức thì
Ex: I think Liverpool will win
I’ phone you tonight
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next month/ week/ year/ Christmas/ Sunday, soon, sooner or later,
10 Near Future:
- Hành động sắp và sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai gần dựa vào dấu hiệu của hiện tại
tomorrow, next , soon,
Trang 311 The Future Continuous Tense:
S + will/shall + be +
V-ing
- Diễn tả hành động đang tiến hành tại một thời điểm ở tương lai
Eg: At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning he will be working at his office
- Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở tương lai thì có hành động khác xen vào
Eg: I will be studying when you return this evening They will be travelling in Italy by the time you arrive here
- Dùng Will you be + V-ing? để hỏi về dự định của một người khi ta cần điều gì hoặc cần người đó làm điều gì
Ex: A: Will you be using your motorbike this evening?
B: No, you can take it
A: Will you be passing the post office when you go out?
B: Yes, why?
this time next week, this time tomorrow,
12 The Future Perfect Tense
S + will/shall +
have + V-ing
Diễn tả một hành động sẽ hoàn tất vào một thời điểm cho trước ở tương lai
Ex: I will have finished my work by noon
By + mốc thời gian, by the time, by then
13 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
S + will/shall +
have been +
V-ing
Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và kéo dài đến 1 thời điểm cho trước ở tương lai
Ex: By November, we will been living in this house for 10 years
By March 15th, I wil have been working for this company for 6 years
By + for + khoảng thời gian, by the time, by then
1 Không dùng các thì tiếp diễn (continuous tenses) với các động từ chỉ nhận thức sau:
- Động từ chỉ giác quan hoạc động từ nối (verbs of senses or linking verbs): be, feel, look, hear, see, smell, sound, taste, notice,
Ex: I don’t see anything now Can you turn on the light? (NOT: I’m mot seeing anything now )
- Động từ diễn tả tình cảm (verbs of emotions): like, love, hate, dislike, detest, fear, desire, need, respect, want, wish,
Ex: Anita didn’t use to like classical music, but now she likes it a lot (NOT: But now she is liking it a lot)
- Động từ chỉ sinh hoạt tinh thần (verbs of mental activities): believe, know, mean, realize, recognize,
remember, understand, suppose, think (that),
Ex: I believe they are enjoying themselves at the beach (NOT: I’m believing they are )
- Động từ chỉ sở hữu (verbs of possession): belong to, owe, own, possess, contain, consist of, depend on, have (=có),
Ex: How much do owe me now? (NOT: How much you are owing me now?)
- Một số động từ thuộc nhóm trên nếu mang ý nghĩa diễn tả hành động thì có thể dùng ở các thì tiếp diễn:
Trang 4Không dùng với thì tiếp diễn Dùng với thì tiếp diễn
Smell (linking verb): có mùi
Ex: Your tower smells bad
Smell (action verb): ngửi Ex: Tom is smelling his tower to see it needs washing Các động từ giác quan khác cũng có cách dùng tương tự: taste: có mùi vị (LV), nếm (AV); feel: có cảm giác (LV); sờ xem (AV)
Think (that) cho rằng
Ex: I think you should pay more attention to your
work
Think about/of: suy nghĩ về/nhớ Ex: “What are you thinking about?”
Have: có (động từ sở hữu)
Ex: I have my credit card but I don’t have any
cash now
Have dùng với thì tiếp diễn trong các cụm từ sau:
- have breakfast/lunch/dinner/meat/steak : ăn = to eat
- have coffee/tea/orange juice/wine : uống = to drink
- have a walk/a swim/ a bath/ a drive: đi bộ/ bơi/ tắm/ lái xe
- have trouble/a problem/a good time/ a party : gặp rắc rối/vui vẻ/ mở tiệc
Ex: I don’t usually have wine with meals, but now I’m having a glass of whiskey
Look (linking verb): trông có vẻ
Ex: You look ill What’s the matter with you?
Look at/ after/ for (action verb): nhìn vào/ chăm sóc/ tìm
Ex: I’m looking for my pen, but I can’t see it anywhere
2 Không dùng các thì tương lai (Future tenses) trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, thì Simple
Future được thay bằng Simple Present, thì Future Perfect (hoặc Future Perfect Continuous) đựoc thay bằng thì Present Perfect (hoặc Present Perfect continuous)
3 Sequence of Tenses: (Sự phối hợp thì trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Adverbial clauses of time: bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ thời gian như: when, whenever, before, after,
since, as soon as, as, while, till, until, just as, no sooner…than, hardly…when, as long as, etc
Main Clause Adverbial clause of
time
Present tenses Present tenses Past tenses Past tenses Future tenses Present tenses
Biên soạn: Vu Dai Loi
Trang 5EXERCISES
Use the correct form of verbs in brackets
1 In all the world, there (be) only 14 mountains that (reach) above 8,000 meters
2 He sometimes (come) to see his parents
3 When I (come) , she (leave) for Dalat ten minutes ago
4 My grandfather never (fly) in an airplane, and he has no intention of ever doing so
5 We just (decide) that we (undertake) the job
6 He told me that he (take) a trip to California the following week
7 I knew that this road (be) too narrow
8 Right now I (attend) class Yesterday at this time I (attend) class
9 Tomorrow I’m going to leave for home When I (arrive) at the airport, Mary (wait) for
me
10 Margaret was born in 1950 By the year 2005, she (live) on this earth for 55 years
11 The traffic was very heavy By the time I (get) to Mary’s party, everyone already (arrive)
12 I will graduate in June I (see) you in July By the time I (see) you , I (graduate)
13 I (visit) my uncle’s home many times when I (be) a child
14 That book (lie) on the table for week You (not read) it yet ?
15 David (wash) his hands He just (repair) the TV set
16 You (be) here before? Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year
17 We never (meet) him We don’t know what he (look) like
18 The car (be) ready for him by the time he (come) tomorrow
19 On arriving at home I (find) that she just (leave) a few minutes before
20 When we (arrive) in London tonight, it probably (rain)
21 It (rain) hard We can’t do anything until it (stop)
22 Last night we (watch) TV when the power (fail)
23 That evening we (stay) up to talk about the town where he (live) for some years
24 I (sit) down for a rest while the shoes (repair)
25 Half way to the office Paul (turn) round and (go) back home because he (forget) to turn the gas off
26 London (change) a lot since we first (come) to live here
27 While we (talk) on the phone the children (start) fighting and (break) a window
28 He used to talk to us for hours about all the interesting things he (do) in his life
29 You know she (stand) looking at that picture for the last twenty minutes
30 I (spend) a lot of time travelling since I (get) this new job
31 When I (be) at school we all (study) Latin
32 When I (meet) him , he (work) as a waiter for a year or so
33 After he (finish) breakfast he (sit) down to write some letters
34 She (have) a hard life, but she’s always smiling
35 I think Jim (be) out of town
Trang 6Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):
1) He for London one year ago
2) She in Hue for twenty years
3) I to the market with my mother yesterday
4) What you , Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother
5) How long you her? – For five months
6) I usually to school by bus
7) Yesterday morning I up at 6.30
8) Please don’t make so much noise I
9) Water at 100 degrees Celsius
10) It is raining now It began raining two hours ago So it for two hours
11) you out last night?
12) This house 35,000 pounds in 1980
13) While Tom tennis, Ann a shower
14) Mike is playing chess How long he ?
15) When they in the garden, the phone
A worked/was ringing B were working/rang C worked/rang D work/rings
16) After they their breakfast, they shopping yesterday
17) They tea when the doorbell
A have/is ringing B were having/rang C had had/ rang D having/ringing 18) Father his pipe while mother a magazine
19) When I into the office, my boss for me
A came/was waiting B was coming/waited C had come/waited D came/waiting
20) When I Brian, he a taxi
A see/drives B see/was driving C saw/was driving D saw/is driving
21) When he , we dinner
A arrived/having B arrived/were having C was arriving/had D had arrived/had 22) While they chess, we the shopping
Trang 7C were cleaning/doing D cleaning/was doing
25) Today is Thursday and she late twice this week She late yesterday and on Monday
26) He in the same house since 1975
27) We him since he married
A didn’t see/got B haven’t seen/got C don’t/get D hadn’t seen/got
28) It for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis
29) He to HCMC last year and I him since then
A moved/didn’t see B moves/haven’t seen C moved/haven’t seen D moved/hadn’t seen 30) We what to do with the money yet
A not decide B didn’t decide C haven’t decided D hadn’t decided
31) My father as a teacher for thirty years
32) He to New York three times this year
33) I how to dance when I six years old
A don’t know / was B didn’t know / am C didn’t know / was D haven’t known/was 34) Last month my brother me his photos He me his photos every year
35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he carelessly
36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I when I was a child but not now
37) I her at the school gate yesterday
38) She English when she was six years old
39) I don’t remember where and when I her
40) They to know each other for more than ten years
41) you that film yet?
42) I the film with my friends last week
43) He up at five every morning
44) she in Hue at the moment?
45) He usually her at weekend but now he in bed because of his severe illness
A visits/stays B visits/staying C visited/stays D visits/is staying
46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents
47) Why you often so much noise in the house?
48) What he before you came?
49) While mum was watching TV, I my homework