the old man and the sea

The life of Ernest Miller Hemingway Hemingway was the second child and first son born to Clarence and Grace Hemingway.. This larger work, which Hemingway referred to as "The SeaBook," wa

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION 3

CONTENT 4

A Analysis the author, the work 4

I The author: Ernest Hemingway 4

1 The life of Ernest Miller Hemingway 4

2 Ernest Hemingway's career 5

3 Themes 5

4 Typical works 5

II The work: The old man and the sea 5

II Summary 7

B Analysis the novel “The old man and the sea” 7

I General analysis 8

II Analysis the characters in the novel: “The old man and the sea” 9

1 The old man: Santiago 9

2 The symbol of The Marlin: 11

3 The symbol of The sea: 12

4 The image of Manolin: 13

5 The symbol of Sharks 13

III Themes of the Book 14

IV Artistic methods 15

1 Iceberg principle 15

2 Application of the principle of "iceberg" in the work: The Old Man and the sea: 15 3 Factors supporting the "iceberg" principle 16

CONCLUSION 16

REFERENCES 17

“But man is not made for defeat,” “A man can be destroyed but not

defeate.”

What do you think about this? Life is a journey on which people will

encounter many difficulties and hardships Difficulties in gaining knowledge, difficulty in handling the relationship, even difficulties in preserving and protecting life So what makes the power for human existence and live the good life? Live

in life, each person has a context However, hardly anyone easily to goes to

success The circumstances are always great impact on each person If someone was born accidentally met the risk thing, misfortune they usually compare with other guys and feeling of injustice When having failed, they fail and blaming fate

In fact, only the energy of every new person is the core factor that decided who that have succeeded or not Energy is a spiritual energy Energy affects the way the thinking of each person Success is the result of the work In life, everyone has to have their own purposes, whether big or small as long as not despicable To

achieve this goal, people must have the capacity to implement facilities can not rely on luck, or depend on the circumstances

Heroism is highly appreciated by writers and is often chosen as the theme for composition, one of theme is Hemingway The writer Hemingway has made this point in his book "The Old Man and the Sea" In this essay, I will analyze more about this issue

A Analysis the author, the work

I The author: Ernest Hemingway

1 The life of Ernest Miller Hemingway

Hemingway was the second child and first son born to Clarence and Grace Hemingway

Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago His father, Clarence Edmonds Hemingway, was a physician, and his mother, Grace Hall Hemingway, was a musician Hemingway was raised

in Oak Park, Illinois After high school, he reported for a few months for The Kansas City Star before leaving for the Italian Front to enlist as an ambulance driver in World War I In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms (1929)

In 1921, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of what would be four wives The couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s "Lost

Generation" expatriate community His debut novel, The Sun Also Rises, was published in 1926 After his 1927 divorce from Richardson, Hemingway

married Pauline Pfeiffer; they divorced after he returned from the Spanish Civil War, where he had been a journalist He based For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) on his experience there Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940; they

separated after he met Mary Welsh in London during World War II He was

present at the Normandy landings and the liberation of Paris

Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea (1952), Hemingway went on safari to Africa, where he was almost killed in two successive plane

crashes that left him in pain or ill-health for much of the rest of his life

Hemingway maintained permanent residences in Key West, Florida (in the 1930s) and Cuba (in the 1940s and 1950s) In 1959, he bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, where, in mid-1961, he shot himself in the head

2 Ernest Hemingway's career

He was an American journalist, novelist, and short-story writer Throughout his life, Hemingway has received awards and honors:

- Silver Medal of Military Valor in World War I;

- Bronze Star Medal (for Correspondent Army Corps in World War II), 1947;

- Award of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1954;

- Pulitzer Prize for the Old Man and the Sea, 1953;

- Nobel Prize in Literature for his lifelong literary contributions, 1954;

- Two medals for bullfighting gladiators

- He was an American journalist, novelist, and short-story writer

3 Themes

- Iceberg Theory is a feature of Hemingway's style

- The popularity of Hemingway's work depends on its themes of love, war, wilderness and loss, all of which are strongly evident in the body of work These are recurring themes in American literature, and are quite clearly evident in Hemingway's work According to Stoltzfus and Fiedler, in

Hemingway's work, nature is a place for rebirth and rest; and it is where the hunter or fisherman might experience a moment of transcendence at the moment they kill their prey Nature is where men exist without women: men fish; men hunt; men find redemption in nature.Although Hemingway does write about sports, such as fishing, Carlos Baker notes the emphasis is more

on the athlete than the sport

4 Typical works

- "Indian Camp" (1924)

- The Sun Also Rises (1926)

- A Farewell to Arms (1929)

- For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)

- The Old Man and the Sea (1951)

II The work: The old man and the sea

The Old Man and the Sea was published 1952 after the bleakest ten years in Hemingway's literary career His last major work, Across the River and into the Trees, was condemned as unintentional self-parody, and people began to think that Hemingway had exhausted his store of ideas

Santiago's story was originally conceived as part of a larger work, including material that later appeared in Islands in the Stream This larger work, which

Hemingway referred to as "The SeaBook," was proving difficult, and when

Hemingway received positive reviews of the Santiago story, known then as "The

Sea in Being," he decided to allow it to be published independently He wrote to publisher Charles Scribner in October 1951, "This is the prose that I have been working for all my life that should read easily and simply and seem short and yet have all the dimensions of the visible world and the world of man's spirit It is as good prose as I can write as of now."

The Old Man and the Sea, published in its entirety in one edition

of Life magazine, was an instant success In two days the September 1st edition

of Life sold 5,300,000 copies and the book version sold 153,000 The novella soared to the top of the best-seller list and remained there for six months At first, critical reception was warm Many hailed it as Hemingway's best work, and no less than William Faulkner said, "Time may show it to be the best single piece of any

of us, I mean his and my contemporaries." Others, however, complained of

artificiality in the characterization and excess sentimentality Despite these

detractors, The Old Man and the Sea was awarded the 1953 Pulitizer Prize and American Academy of Arts and Letters' Award of Merit Medal for the Novel and played a significant role in Hemingway's selection for the Nobel Prize for

Literature in 1954

For the first fifteen or so years after its publication, critical response remained largely positive Since the mid-60's, however, the work has received sustained attacks from realist critics who decry the novella's unrealistic or simply incorrect elements, e.g the alleged eight rows of teeth in the mako's mouth or the position of the star Riegel Through the 1970's the book became less and less the subject of serious literary criticism, and the view of the book as embarrassingly narcissistic, psychologically simplistic, and overly sentimental became more and more

entrenched While The Old Man and the Sea is popularly beloved and assigned reading for students in the US and around the world, critical opinion places it among Hemingway's less significant works

II Summary

At only 27,000 words, The Old Man and the Sea is a fairly short novel The main character, Santiago, is a down-on-his-luck Spanish fisherman in Cuba

Everyone looks down on him because it has been so long since he has caught a fish His only friend is his apprentice, Manolin, who believes in him even though Manolin's family wishes he would not

One day, after a dream about his youth, Santiago takes his boat out farther than any of the other fisherman He hooks a marlin, but it takes him two nights and two days to battle the fish to the point of exhaustion When the fish is finally defeated, Santiago is exhausted and wounded (the line having cut into his palms), but the hardest part of the experience is yet to come: he still has to bring the massive fish carcass back to shore

Santiago starts sailing home, but the bleeding fish carcass, which he has roped

to the side of the boat, attracts sharks Santiago battles the sharks unsuccessfully There are too many of them and they eat the flesh off the fish When Santiago finally makes it back home with the skeleton, he leaves the skeleton by the boat and carries the mast of the boat back to his home Once home, he collapses in bed and falls asleep

Meanwhile, the villagers see the skeleton and are impressed by its length (18 feet) Manolin, relieved that Santiago is safe again, makes plans with him to go fishing together Santiago falls back asleep and dreams the same dream that

prompted him to go fishing in the first place

B Analysis the novel “The old man and the sea”.

I General analysis

The Old Man and the Sea is a simple story, but has a deeper message It speaks

of a man’s existence, where tenacity, pride, respect and dreams drive his mission to prosper in the presence of struggle It is about Santiago’s unconquerable spirit because he stands as a representation of a mind-set toward life, and his expedition offers many lessons

In the novel, Santiago frequently dreams about lions on the beach: The first time is on the eve of his fishing expedition, the second one happens when he sleeps

amidst his tussle with the marlin, while the third occurs at end of the novel The lions appear as cubs, symbolizing his youth When they later appear as adults, they signify great nobility and strength This provides Santiago with motivation,

ambition and vitality that lead him toward accomplishing his purpose These

dreams suggest life’s circular nature: The harmony between opposing forces of nature, which are love and hate, life and death, and destruction and regeneration The crucifixion imagery is an evident way in which Santiago is equated to Christ.Similar to Christ, Santiago is patient and humble Moreover, the illustration

of the old man struggling uphill with his mast on his shoulders resembles Christ’s walk toward Calvary There is a clear reflection of Christ on the cross when

Santiago eventually lies down on his bed, with his bleeding arms stretched out The author employs the crucifixion of Christ to exemplify transcendence by reversing defeat into triumph, loss into gain, and death into renewed life

The main theme of the story is heroism Santiago makes up for his age with his endurance to withstand hunger, pain and isolation He does not blame the sharks for snatching the marlin, but he acknowledges that it is his mistake to have

ventured far inward into the sea As a fisher who has caught no fish in 84 days, Santiago is fighting against defeat However, he does not yield because he moves further into the sea than he has ever sailed before He struggles with the marlin despite his exhaustion and pain After catching it, he hopelessly fights off the sharks Whenever the situation gets difficult and he is threatened with despair, he uses various tactics to stimulate his opposition to defeat: He recollects memories of his strength while he was young through dreams, and sometimes prays to God Santiago has unlimited potentialities in the presence of danger His potential is realized when he manages to get the giant marlin However, the outcome is less significant than the struggle as he also chooses to battle with the sharks As a result, it is not really important that he brings the marlin home; the important thing

is he wins the battle, and after the struggle he becomes a hero

The story’s black hole is “a man can be destroyed but not defeated” Santiago symbolizes every man’s battle to survive Just like Santiago’s attempt to take the marlin to the mainland intact is unsuccessful, no man can escape death However, through Santiago’s struggle, the author illustrates that escaping from death is not the major concern Santiago sees the words, “a man can be destroyed but not

defeated” close to the end of his tussle with the marlin That is to say, victory over the unavoidable does not define a man Rather, it is his struggle against the

inevitable that defines him

II Analysis the characters in the novel: “The old man and the sea”.

1 The old man: Santiago

Santiago is a virtuosity in his profession and always sticking to his work He was old, alone in a boat fishing on the heat flow saved, was eighty days he didn't catch any fish " In addition, his companion away before starting the trip Open top makes us more or less feel pessimistic, depressed However, not like, Satiago was strong incredible, his eyes indicate that: "everything on people are having old looks, except for the eyes" Well, he's strong, the labor continuously tired, despite the time and age to be touch to success He Santiago is a lover of the ocean-living into the sea He found for himself the pleasure on trips out to sea by the singing, anthems, show passionate love life Each change in his perception of nature To from then on, he never allows himself to give up, never stop desire and dream was

to conquer the seas

He hunted a giant sword fish-beautiful and courageous and strong The war between the old man and the marlin become ever more tension, the fight took place

on the night plying The fish too powerful while he had power running However,

he did win, victory by belief, victory by the efforts The Red thing represents a truth: "this life really ended only when we no longer dreams, no longer hope."

- He is a symbol of the beauty and power of the people.

Santiago labor diligently throughout his life until old age still engrossed in labor The suffering, arduous of life had ingrained in his body: “The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were

on his cheeks The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords But none of these scars were fresh They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated” Although old, frail body but he had a boundless

spiritual power Details for blue eyes we see in Santiago is a faith, hope in the power of myself will always win, not failure

Work of "the old man and the sea" was erected by the fightings It is the

fighting struggled acrimony between humans with nature full truthfully When the fish cages up exposing the body to big for him saw, the more he determined to kill it: “I'll kill him though,” “In all his greatness and his glory” “Although it is unjust,

he thought But I will show him what a man can do and what a man endures.”

With strength and determination he killed the giant fish He was the winner, winning a great victory for a determination could not shakable It is the victory of the people on the journey of life, also on the journey he fought against the enemies

to protect labor value that he get He must confront the evil fish, vicious shark species in the sea The sharks appeared first is one fish, then the whole herd The victim first of all is the swordfish then is he he To protect the fruits of his labors

he resolved to fight to the end but he also didn't have much hope In this fighting the Santiago must meet many arduous on the sea but he knows to give the truth to overcome all “But man is not made for defeat,” he said “A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” That truth which has affirmed the strength and the will of man

is great, is endless

So there was confidence, Santiago believes in the power of his, trusting in his life should be able to collect about the giant Sword fish in addition to the age of eighty It is Santiago's belief in life, in ideals, in the truths of life that he was never despairing Santiago in win because he knows the hope of victory, he did not collect about of material wealth but in return he has affirmed belief in themselves, affirming his power His win he is the spiritual victories won labor achievements not undergoing death The old man still living to come back and not pessimism, frustration the old man left ready to live the next day left to await the glory will come

- Santiago symbolizes solitude on the journey to seek the fruits of labor

Lonely life of Santiago be informed right from the first line of the work “He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream” Such life makes the old man become self-contained The old man had no friends, except Manolin boy, but for a few months the old man return without catch any fish so Manolin's parents do