TYPE 4 mixed trong mệnh đề if trái với quá khứ, trong mệnh đề chính trái với hiện tại Ex: If I hadn’t stayed up late, I wouldn’t be sleepy now.. I wish he wouldn’t keep on smoking CÁCH
Trang 1CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
TYPE 0: thể hiện đk luôn đúng ở hiện tại và tương lai
If +S + V/Vs/Ves, S+ V/Vs/Ves
Ex: If you put a paper into the flame, it burns at once
Đảo ngữ (Were you to meet Jane, please give my best regard to her.)
TYPE 1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra (open/likely/possible condition)
If +S+ V/Vs/Ves, S + simple future (will+V)
If +S+ V/Vs/Ves, Imperative form (mệnh lệnh cách) Đảo ngữ: Should + S + V, ………
EX: If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach
If you study hard, you will pass the exam
If you meet Jane, please give my best regard to her.
If John comes, tell him I am waiting for him at school.
Đảo ngữ (Should you study hard, you will pass the exam.)
TYPE 2: Điều kiện không thật ở hiện tại (present unreal condition)
If + S +V(ed/cột 2)/ did not + V, S + would/could/should (not) + V
Đảo ngữ: 1, If + S + were + N/ adj, S + would/could/should (not) + V
Were + S + N/ adj, S + would/could/should (not) + V
2, If + S +V(ed/cột 2), S + would/could/should (not) + V
Were + S + to V, S + would/could/should (not) + V EX: If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the beach.(e.g It is now raining outside.)
If I were you/ If I were in your position is used to give an advice
EX: If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle
Đảo ngữ : (Were I you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle.)
If I knew it, I would tell you earlier
Đảo ngữ: (Were I to know it, I would tell you earlier.)
TYPE 3: Điều kiện không thật ở quá khứ (past unreal condition)
If+ S + had (not)+ V(ed/cột 3), S+ would have + V(ed/cột 3)
Đảo ngữ: Had + S+ V(ed/cột 3), S+ would have + V(ed/cột 3)
EX: If it hadn’t rain yesterday, we would have gone to the beach.(e.g It rained heavily yesterday.)
If I had known she was ill yesterday, I would have come to visit her
If he had worked harder, he could have passed the exams (e.g he didn’t work hard.)
If we had brought a map with us, we mightn’t have got lost
TYPE 4 mixed ( trong mệnh đề if trái với quá khứ, trong mệnh đề chính trái với hiện tại)
Ex: If I hadn’t stayed up late, I wouldn’t be sleepy now (I stayed up late and now I am sleepy)
If+ S + had (not)+ V(ed/cột 3), S +would/could/should (not) + V
Một số câu đặc biệt:
1 IF ONLY: nhấn mạnh tình huống giả thiết
- If only, I were in your position
- If only he had known she was in hospital, he would have visited her
2 Sử dụng were to/ had been để tăng tính giả thiết.
- If I were to ask you to lend me some money, what would you say?
- If it hadn’t been for her children, she wouldn’t have sold her house
3 WISH
- Trái với hiện tại: S + wish + S + V(ed/cột 2)/ did not + V
Ex: I wish I had a bigger house ( I don’t have a big house now )
- Trái với quá khứ: S + wish + S + had + V(ed/cột 3)/ had not + V(ed/cột 3)
Ex: I wish I hadn’t been ill ( I were ill )
- Ao ước sẽ sảy ra hoạc phàn nàn về điều gì ngoài ý muốn chủ quan của người nói
S + wish + S + would/could/should (not) + V
Ex: I wish it wouldn’t rain
I wish he wouldn’t keep on smoking
CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN DỰA TRÊN TÌNH HUỐNG
1, Tình huống ở hiện tại Type 2 Tình huống ở QK Type 3
2, MĐ 1 , so/ therefore/ that’s why MĐ 2 MĐ 1 làm mđ If, MĐ 2 thành mđ chính
3, Nếu 2 MĐ được nối bằng because thì mệnh đề nào đứng sau because sẽ đổi thành mđ If, mđ còn lại thành mđ
chính
CÁCH CHUYỂN MỆNH ĐỀ IF THÀNH UNLESS
1, Nếu động từ chính trong mệnh đề If là phủ định thì chuyển if thành unless, bỏ từ phủ định và giữ nguyên mệnh đề
chính
Ex: If she doesn’t water the flowers, they will die Unless she waters the flowers, they will die
If I had not stayed up late last night, I would not feel asleep now
Unless I had stayed up late last night, I would not feel asleep now
2, Nếu động từ chính trong mệnh đề If là khẳng định thì chuyển if thành unless, giữ nguyên động từ trong mệnh đề if
và chuyển động từ trong mệnh đề chính sang thể ngược lại ( khẳng địnhphủ định, phủ địnhkhẳng định).
Trang 2Ex: If she waters the flowers, they will not die Unless she waters the flowers, they will die.
If I had stayed up late last night, I would feel asleep now
Unless I had stayed up late last night, I would not feel asleep now
BẢNG CHUYỂN ĐỘNG TỪ
4, Don’t/ doesn’t V V(ed/cột 2) 4, Don’t/ doesn’t V Would V
7, V(ed/cột 2) Had not V(ed/cột 3) 7, V(ed/cột 2) Would not have V(ed/cột 3)
8, Did not + V Had V(ed/cột 3) 8, Did not + V Would have V(ed/cột 3)
11, Have / has + N Did not have + N 11, Have / has + N Would not have
CÁCH VIẾT CÂU MONG ƯỚC VỚI WISH
Câu cho trước câu viết lại
1, Is/ am/ are Were not
2, Is/ am/ are not Were
3, V/ Vs/ Ves Did not + V
4, Don’t/ doesn’t V V(ed/cột 2)
5, Was/ were Had not been
6, Was/ were not Had been
7, V(ed/cột 2) Had not V(ed/cột 3)
8, Did not + V Had V(ed/cột 3)
11, Have / has + N Did not have + N
Make the correct choice
1. “Would you mind if we _you by your first name?” -“Not at all Please call me Tom.”
2. She can’t get home _ she has no money A unless B if C until D without
3. If I had known your new address, we _to see you
A came B will come C would come D would have come
4. If we took the 10:30 train, _ too early
A we would arrive B we should arrive C we will arrive D we may arrive
5. It’s very crowded here I wish there so many people A aren’t B weren’t C haven’t been D isn’t
6. I wouldn’t go there at night if I _ you A am B was C were D had been
7. If I _ get a pole, I’ll go fishing A can B could C may D might
8. If they had enough time, they _ head south A will B can C must D might
9. If you _ a choice, which country would you visit? A have B had C have had D will have
10. Trees won’t grow _ there is enough water A if B when C unless D as
11. _ she agreed, you would have done it A If B Had C Should D Would
12. If you _ to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field
13. If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy saved.A might be B have been C was D might have been
14. If there _ enough water, the rice fields could have been more productive
15. The patient could not recover unless he _ an operation [undergo: pass through]
A had undergone B would undergo C underwent D was undergoing
16. If she _ him, she would be very happy A would meet B will meet C is meeting D should meet
17. If he _ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post
18. If I had enough money, I _ abroad to improve my English
19. If it _ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight A be B is C was D were
20. If you _ time, please write to me A have B had C have had D has
21. If it _ tomorrow, we may postpone going on a picnic.A rains B will rain C shall rain D raining
Trang 322. If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you _ sleepy now.
A wouldn’t have been B wouldn’t be C might have not been D wouldn’t have been being
23. If you _ as I told you, you _ sorry now
A did- would not be B had done- had not been C do – would not be D had done – would not be
24. If only I _ him now A see B saw C have seen D seen
25. If I _, I’ll let you know A am staying B will stay C do stay D would stay
26. If only I _ you wanted to invest money in business A had known B knewC have known D know
27. Linda wishes she _her car A hasn’t sold B hadn’t sold C doesn’t sell D won’t sell
28. He looked frightened as if he _a ghost A had seen B saw C would see D was seeing
29. I wish it _ a holiday today A were B will be C is D had been
30. “My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus.” -“ _, we would have picked you up.”
A Had we known B If we have known C We had known D If we did know
31. If I _ as young as you are, I _ in a boat round the world
A were- would sail B would be – would sail C were- will sail D would- would sail
32. If he _tickets yesterday, he _ on the beach now
A had booked- would be lying B had booked- would have lied C booked – would lie D books- will lie
33. If you _ less last night, you _ so bad today
A had drunk- would not have felt B drank- would not feel
C had drunk- would not feel D would have drunk- would not feel
34. It seemed as if he _ of it before.A would never hear B has never heard C never heard D had never heard
35. _ today, she would get home by Friday
A Would she leave B Was she leaving C Were she to leave D If she leaves
36. “He’s a very brave man.” “Yes, I wish I _ his courage.” A have B had C will have D would have
37. _he _ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize
A Hadn’t – studied B Had- studied C Didn’t study D If – had studied
38. We’re going to be late if _ right now.A we not leave B we didn’t leave C we won’t leave D we don’t leave
39. “I wish this city _ so noisy.” “I know I wish we _ in the countryside.”
A isn’t – live B wasn’t – live C weren’t- live D weren’t – lived
40. He acted as though he _ for days A not eat B hasn’t eaten C hadn’t eaten D didn’t eat
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same, beginning with If
1 The speaker was ill suddenly and they cancelled the lecture
………
2 I am in a hurry I won’t stay for dinner
………
3 He can’t type He isn’t able to operate a computer
………
4 I was able to buy the car because Jim lent me the money
………
5 He doesn’t have time to do exercises, that’s why he is unhealthy
………
6 Lucky you were here, or the house would have caught fire
………
7 The police showed me the way, so I found the house
………
8 John is fat because he eats so many chips
………
9 John missed the ferry because his car broke down
………
10.I didn’t know your number, so I didn’t call you
………
Give the correct form of verbs in these sentences
1 If Jonathan met his uncle yesterday, he (know) the truth about his parents
2 Supposed that there (be) no money, how would people live?
3 He will be playing in the garden with his friends now if he (finish) _his work
4 His parents (not be) disappointed if he had passed the entrance examination
5 I (buy) _a new house if I have much money next year
6 Providing that he didn't tell lie, many friends (believe) _in him
7 Linda will go to visit Vietnam next year on condition that she (save) now
8 Our life (be) improved unless there were no technological development
9 If you has been learning English for a long time, you (communicate) _with the foreigners
10 If Jimmy went to Moscow last week, he (visit) _many famous sight-seeings
11 Unless he was not working at midnight yesterday, he (sleep) now
12 He prepared for his exam very carefully Otherwise, he (not, pass) that important exam
Trang 413 He finished his home assignment If not, the teacher (be) very angry.
14 Were he to remember her birthday, she (not, say) _goodbye to him
15 Should you work hard, you (not, succeed)
16 I have to inform him the news If not, he (be) _very bad-tempered
17 John would have been staying with us this month if he (not, have) a bad quarrel with my younger brother
18 Had she returned home from her business trip, she (visit) _me tomorrow
19 The temple would be in better condition now on condition that it (rebuild) for many years ago
20 If my father went to Manchester last week, he (visit) _Real next week
Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1 If I ……….a lot of money now, I ………… a new car
A have /will buy b have / would buy c had/ will buy d had/ would buy
2 If I ……you, I ….do that a am/ will b were /would c were/ will d had been/ would
3 if I were offered the job, I think I ……… it a take b will take c would take d would have taken
4 I would be very surprised if he…………a refuses b refused c had refused d would refuse
5 Many people would be out of work if that factory… down a closes b had closed c closed d would close
6 If she sold her car, she … much money a gets b would get c will get d would have got
7 They would be disappointed if we……a hadn’t come b wouldn’t come c don’t come d didn’t come
8 Would John be angry if I ……his bicycle without asking? a take b took c had taken d would take
9 She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring a will be b would be c were d had been
10 If someone…in here with a gun, I would be very frightened a would walk b walks c had walked d walked
11 What would happen if you … to work tomorrow? a don’t go b didn’t go c won’t go d wouldn’t go
12 We‘ll gets wet if we ………….out a go b did go c went d had gone
13 If I go shopping, I ………some food a buy b will buy c would buy d would have bought
14 If I find it, I ………you a will tell b would tell c had told d told
15 What would you do if you……a million dollars? a would win b win c had won d won
16 They‘d be hurt if I …………a don’t go b didn’t go c hadn’t gone d wouldn’t go
17 If we took the 6: 30 train, we …too early a would have arrived b arrived c will arrived d would arrive
18 If I had known you were in hospital, I……to see you a will go b would go c went d would have gone
19 If I …………., I would have said hello a had seen b see c saw d would see
20 I………… out if I hadn’t been so tired a will go b went c would have gone d would go
Identify the one that has a mistake by circling the corresponding letter a, b, c, d.
1 If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less pressure on the earth
a b c d
2 Unless we leave a bowl of water under the sun, it will evaporate
a b c d
3 If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon have to face a fuel crisis
a b c d
4 If I am 10 centimeters taller, I would play basketball
a b c d
5 If the doctors could find in the remedy, a lot of people would be saved
a b c d
6 If she bought that house now, she ran out of money
a b c d
7 What you would do if you could speak French well?
a b c d
8 If I had known he is not at home, I wouldn’t have gone all the way to his house
a b c d
9 If I had known that the road were flooded, I would never have taken that way
a b c d
10 If I were you, I will go to the dentist’s and have the tooth checked
a b c d
11 If you hadn’t left the car unlocked, it wouldn’t have be stolen
a b c d
12 What would happen because I pressed that red button?
a b c d
13 If the weather is fine today, we would go to the beach
a b c d
14 If you will study harder, you will surely pass the coming exams with good results
a b c d
15 If the weather weren’t too bad, we would to go swimming
a b c d
16 If he weren’t too old, he would apply to the job as a war reporter
a b c d
17 If drivers obeyed the speed limit, fewer accidents occur
a b c d
18 If I would have studied Russian at school, I would have understood him easily
a b c d
Trang 519 If tomorrow the weather will be bad, the match will be postponed.
a b c d
20 If you will see Mike today, please ask him to phone me
a b c d