Sách ôn tập tiếng Anh cập nhật nhất

Sách ôn tập tiếng Anh cập nhật nhất. Cuốn sách này cung cấp cho người học một lượng lớn kiến thức tiếng Anh thông qua các bài tập thực hành. Sách được trình bày trên văn bản Word dễ dàng có thể chỉnh sửa, thay đổi theo ý người học.

Unit 3 THE GREEN MOVEMENT VOCABULARY

1) Match the words below with their definitions.

1 sustainability a) the act of keeping something in its original state or in good

condition

2 clutter b) to make something full again by replacing what has been used

3 preservation c) the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not

harm the environment

4 purification d) a lot of things in an untidy state, especially things that are not

necessary or are not being used

5 replenish e) not harmful to the environment

6 deplete f) the process of making something pure by removing substances

that are dirty, harmful or not wanted

7 dispose of g) the way in which a person or a group of people lives and works

8 geothermal h) to reduce something by a large amount so that there is not

enough left

9 eco-friendly i) connected with the natural heat of rock deep in the ground

10 lifestyle j) to get rid of somebody/something that you do not want or cannot

keep

2 Complete the sentences with the words from Exercise 1 You may have to

change their form if necessary.

1 _ products do not harm the environment and help conserve energy

2 Radioactive waste must be _ safely

3 He’s responsible for _ food and water supplies

4 The council has placed a _ order on the building

5 They made a firm commitment to environmental _

6 Could you get rid of some of that _ in your bedroom?

7 Those water _ tablets contain perfectly safe chemical treatment for unsafe water

8 If we continue to _ the earth’s natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment

9 There’s a _ power station near his house

10 The city _ seems to suit her - she’s certainly looking very well.

3 Choose the correct answer.

1 Renewable _ may also include goods commodities such as wood, paperand leather

A resources B production C electricity D conservation

2 Poisonous gases are produced during fossil fuel _

3 The fireplace was blackened with _

4 Children who develop _ find it difficult to breath

5 _ can be used as a source of energy and it most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are not used for food or feed

6 _ is an infection of the main airways of the lungs (bronchi), causing them to become irritated and inflamed

7 With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its natural _

A conditional B habitual C habitat D habits

8 Do you want to get rid of the _ on your walls, and prevent them from coming back?

9 You can avoid _ chemicals when you use our shopper’s guide

10 A _ is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living

organism - that is, found in nature

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 Their country is trying to achieve _ economic growth (sustain)

2 Energy _ reduces your fuel bills and helps the environment (conserve)

3 One of the functions of the kidneys is to _ the blood (purification)

4 There’s a need for the _ of existing computer equipment in their office

(replace)

5 The _ of hazardous substances must be carried out carefully (dispose)

6 The government pays special attention to the _ of a healthy lifestyle,

(promote)

7 People are encouraged to use eco-friendly _ (produce)

8 Oxygen, fresh water, solar energy, timber, and biomass are _ resources

(renew)

9 Some areas of the country are just too cold to be _ (habitat)

10 Fibers (e.g cotton, silk), fuels (e.g oil and natural gas) and construction materials such as wood and rubber are _ products (nature)

5 Write the opposites of the words below.

6 Complete the text with the words from the box.

human creatures preserving environment environmental

Earth Day natural eco-activists

The (1) _ Movement and Earth Day center

Inspired by the protests and “teach-ins” that were occurring worldwide throughout the 1960s, Senator Gaylord Nelson proposed in 1969 that there be a nationwide grassroots

demonstration on behalf of the [2] _ - and in Nelson’s words, “The

response was electric It took off like gangbusters.” Thus was born the event now

In a speech that day, Nelson stated, “Our goal is an environment of decency, quality,

and mutual respect for all other (6) _ and for all living creatures.” Earth

Day is now celebrated worldwide and has become an environmental touchstone for

two generations of (7) _.

GRAMMAR

1 Mark the following sentences simple, compound or complex.

1 We have to go to bed when the clock chimes 10 o’clock

2 Jennifer likes William’s friends, and she also likes his cousin

3 The big brown dog ran after the blue and red ball

4 James and Eve rode their bicycles after they had lunch

5 The teacher and the principle met in the hall near the library

6 Many brave soldiers fought in the war, and they received medals

7 The drummers played a long time, but the pianists stopped early

8 After midnight the ghosts will come out of the haunted attic

9 Before the Queen rode in the parade, she gave a speech

10 She dropped the pan and the plate, but she held on to the spoon

2 Expand the following simple sentences into compound and complex sentences Use your own ideas.

1 He has got a house

 He has got a house, but he hasn’t got a car

 He has got a house which is located near the city centre

2 She travelled to Sydney last week

3 I had a lot of fun at the party

_

4 I’m learning to drive now

5 My computer isn’t working now

6 She wouldn’t help me

7 That place doesn’t attract the man

8 It’s such a small car

3) Expand the following sentences, using the subordinating conjunction in brackets

1 They couldn’t make a cake (because)

2 The tiger went hunting (when)

3 Our teacher graded the papers (while)

4 The ghost floated up the stairs (until)

5 We’re going to the circus (if)

6 The colorful parrot flew into the tree

7 Susan laughed loudly at the circus

8 The cowboy rode a black horse

through the town (where)

9 I often eat salad (since)

10 She will dance in the show (unless)

4) Decide whether to use which”, “that” or “which”.

Saturday night out

1 Last night, some friends and I went out for some fun _ was a good way

to end the week

2 We wanted to have some fun _ would be relaxing after a long difficult

week of exams

3 My older cousin came along too _ was pretty cool.

4 We went to see a movie _ was silly but entertaining.

5 We got lost in the city _ I used to know so well.

6 We got lost in the city _ caused us to be very late.

7 Then I dropped my keys down a drain on the street was careless

8 We tried to reach the keys with a long coat hanger _ we opened into a

long hook

9 We couldn’t read the keys no matter what we tried and _ frustrated us.

10 So we called a taxi _ took us all home.

11 We returned the next day to fish the keys out of the storm drain _was

easier in daylight

5 Connect an independent clause with a suitable which-clause There may be

more than one answer.

1 He drank too much

2 It was raining yesterday

3 He never admits his mistakes

4 She seemed more talkative than usual

5 She cycled from London to Glasgow

6 He got married again a year later

7 Chris did really well in his exams

8 My friends were all hiding in my

apartment

9 She’s studying to become a doctor

10 My friend eventually decided to get

divorced

a) , which was because she was nervous.b) , which is pretty good for a woman of 75

c) , which is why he was sick

d) , which was rather a pity

e) , which isn’t what I’d expected

f) , which is extremely annoying

g) , which is difficult

h) , which upset me a lot

i) , which surprised everyone

j) , which is quite a surprise

READING

1 Read the text and choose the correct answer.

Soot poses tremendous harms to public health, particularly because of its size

Particulate matter is so small that it can easily enter your lungs and bloodstream,

potentially causing damage in a number of ways The Environmental Protection Agency describes the process of soot harming the human body: “Microscopic particlescan penetrate deep into the lungs and have been linked to a wide range of serious health effects, including premature death, heart attacks, and strokes, as well as acute bronchitis and aggravated asthma among children.” The American Lung Association adds that breathing particle pollution can potentially cause “cancer and developmental and reproductive harm.” Nearly 6 million people in the United States live in an area with unhealthy year-round levels of particle pollution The most vulnerable members

of the population are children, the elderly, low-income communities, and people with pre-existing heart and lung diseases Healthy adults, however, can also suffer from its adverse effects

Soot causes several environmental problems, such as haze and the acidification of lakes: and rivers Haze is formed when sunlight interacts with small particles in the atmosphere Soot is the primary cause of haze, which severely decreases visibility in U.S cities and national parks As a result the EPA estimates that visibility in national parks ; and other scenic areas in the eastern United States has been reduced from a 90-mile distance to just 15-25 miles Fine particle pollution negatively impacts the naturalbeauty of such national treasures by robbing us of color, distance, and hue, and

negatively harms the health of visitors and residents Haze can also hurt tourism by discouraging visits, which causes economic damage

Particle pollution is also correlated to acid rain The same compounds from soot that react in the air to form haze - sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides - can mix with atmospheric moisture to acidify precipitation Carried by the wind or in the water, this acidified pollution degrades water quality by making lakes and rivers more acidic, depleting the nutrients in the soil and damaging sensitive farm crops, and changing thenutrient balance in river basins, along coastlines, and in forests

Acidification through soot pollution can also stain stone and erode it, slowly

discoloring and damaging important national monuments and iconic buildings

1 What would be the best heading for Paragraph 1?

A What is soot?

B How is soot produced?

C Why is soot a problem for public health?

D What are the benefits from the soot rule?

2 The word “tremendous” in Paragraph 1 means

A lasting B permanent C minor D considerable

3 Where in your body can microscopic particles enter?

A Your kidneys B Your livers C Your hearts D Your lungs

4 What are two organisations mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A The Environmental Protection Agency and the American Diabetes Association

B The Environmental Protection Agency and the American Lung Association

C The American Lung Association and the Animal Protection League

D The American Lung Association and the Environmental Protection Act

5 According to the text, how many people in the United States are badly affected by particle pollution?

A 6 million B 1.5 million C 9 million D 2.5 million

6 What would be the best heading for the rest of the text?

A Why is soot a problem for public health?

B How is soot produced?

C Why is soot an environmental problem?

D What are the benefits from the soot rule?

7 Which is TRUE according to Paragraph 2?

A Haze causes soot B Soot doesn’t harm the health of visitors

C Haze reduces visibility in U.S cities D Soot doesn’t cause the acidification of lakes

8 How can soot cause acidified pollution?

A Soot is carried by the wind or in the water

B Sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides, the compounds from soot, mix with

atmospheric moisture

C It degrades water quality

D It damages sensitive farm crops

2 Read another text and choose the best answer.

Soot a major contributor to climate change

The contribution of soot (1) _ global warming is much higher than

previously thought, according to a comprehensive assessment that ranks ‘black carbon’second only to carbon dioxide in terms of its warming impact (2) _ the current climate

(3) _ online by the Journal of Geophysical Research, the four-year study roughly doubles most of the previous estimates of the warming that (4) _ when carbon particles absorb solar radiation, (5) _ heats the atmosphere and results in the melting of snow and ice Black carbon’s impact on the climate is larger than (6) _ of methane and roughly two-thirds that of carbon

dioxide, according to the study

(7) _ many scientists had suspected that global climate models

underestimated the role of black carbon, the magnitude of the impact has surprised many of the report’s authors, says David Fahey, an atmospheric (8) _ at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Boulder, Colorado, and a lead author

Diesel emissions and agricultural waste fires are major sources of black carbon in industrialized countries, whereas in the developing world, the soot comes from sourcessuch as (9) _ of biomass for cooking and heat “This study suggests we should be putting even more effort into reducing black carbon pollution,” says

Durwood Zaelke, who heads the Institute for Governance and Sustainable

Development in Washington DC Although CO2 dominates the long-term effect,

understanding the timescale is crucial, Zaelke says “(10) _ black carbon gives you immediate cooling.”

3 A Formed B Published C Created D Updated

7 A Although B In spite of C Despite D Even although

8 A scientific B science C scientist D scientists

10 A Heating B Warming C Reducing D Increasing

3 Read another text and choose the correct answer.

Black carbon, the soot produced by burning fossil fuels and biomass, is a more potent

atmospheric pollutant than previously thought, according to a four-year international study released on Tuesday

Emitted by diesel engines, brick kilns and wood-fired cook stoves, black carbon is second only to carbon dioxide as the most powerful climate pollutant, according to thestudy published in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres

But because black carbon only lasts in the atmosphere a matter of days, compared to carbon dioxide’s atmospheric endurance of centuries, addressing it could be prime target for curbing global warming, the report said

“This new research provides further compelling evidence to act on short-lived climate pollutants, including black carbon,” Achim Steiner, chief of the United Nations

Environment Programme, said in a statement

Steiner pointed to efforts under way to cut black carbon emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles, brick production and municipal waste disposal as part of the

international Climate and Clean Air Coalition The United States was one of the

coalition’s founders last year

The U.S Environmental Protection Agency in mid-December also tightened limits on soot pollution from power plants, diesel engines and burning wood from levels set in

1997 The report found black carbon’s effect on climate is nearly twice what the

United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimated in its landmark

2007 assessment

At that time, climate scientists ranked black carbon third behind carbon dioxide and methane The new research, conducted by a multinational team of 31 experts, moves black carbon up in the ranking

The new assessment found black carbon emissions caused significantly higher

warming over the Arctic and other regions, could affect rainfall patterns, including those of the Asian monsoon system, and have led to rapid warming in the northern United States, Canada, northern Europe and northern Asia

The sooty particles that make up black carbon can be a major component of urban air pollution like that now blanketing Beijing, said Durwood Zaelke, president of the

Washington-based non-profit Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development and a reviewer of the study before its publication.

1 _ is another name for soot

A Fossil fuels B Biomass C Diesel engines D Black carbon

2 The word “potent” in Paragraph 1 means

3 How powerful is black carbon, according to the text?

A It is second only to fossil fuels and biomass

B It is the second most powerful climate pollutant

C It is emitted by brick kilns

D It is the most powerful climate pollutant

4 Which sentence shows that black carbon has a very short life?

A “black carbon only lasts in the atmosphere a matter of days”

B “carbon dioxide’s atmospheric endurance of centuries”

C “Black carbon, , is a more potent atmospheric pollutant than previously thought”

D “black carbon is second only to carbon dioxide as the most powerful climate pollutant”

5 How long does carbon dioxide last in the atmosphere?

A For a matter of days B For centuries

C For a matter of weeks D For a matter of months

6 According to Steiner, where do carbon emissions come from?

A Carbon dioxide

B Heavy-duty diesel vehicles, brick production and municipal waste disposal

C Soot pollution

D Motorcycles and textile production

7 The United States was the co-founder of

A the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres

B the U.S Environmental Protection Agency

C the international Climate and Clean Air Coalition

D the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

8 What does the word “its” refer to?

A The international Climate and Clean Air Coalition

B The Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres.

C The U.S Environmental Protection Agency

D The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

9 Where did black carbon emissions cause significantly higher warming?

A Over the Antarctica B Over America

10 Where is the Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development based?

installed in certain areasGreen energy facilities require less

maintenance than traditional generators

Large capital cost

Economic benefits The reliability of supply

Stabilize energy prices Difficult to generate in large quantity

Example: Building green energy facilities requires a lot of land, so we may have to encroach on farmland or wildlife areas, which is what many are concerned about if more wind turbines are to be put up.

2 One big advantage of green energy is that it is renewable Write a short essay to support this remark Use your own ideas or the cues below.

+ Definition of green energy: Green energy comes from natural sources such as

sunlight, wind, rain, tides, plants, algae and geothermal heat

+ Why renewable? Green energy sources are naturally replenished - we never run out

of sunlight, wind, rain, tides, plants, algae and geothermal heat

+ Benefits of this advantage: supplying a vast, unlimited and constant energy resource,stabilize energy prices, reducing our dependence on fuels and energy from foreign governments

_

REVIEW 1 PHONETICS

1 Choose the correct word.

1 The recipe calls for two cups of flour / flower.

2 She put a single flour /flower in the vase.

3 My hare/hair is a mess!

4 Have you read the story about the tortoise and the hare/ hair?

5 Vegetarians do not eat meet/ meat.

6 Where shall we meet/meat for lunch?

7 Let’s go buy a new pear/pair of shoes.

8 The fruit contained a banana, an apple, and a pear/pair.

9 My sun/son is presently in the military.

10 The sun/son is hidden behind the clouds.

2 Do the exercises below.

A Look at the phonetic symbols and choose the correct phrase

1 The industry has had its /feə ʃeə/ of problems.

A affair shared B shared feather C fair care D fair share

A Our coins B Hour coils C Our coils D Shower coins

3 The /'ʃəʊə trei/ is broken We need to replace it with a new one.

A shower trail B power trait C shower tray D our say

4 There are some /'faiə 'faitəz'/ fighting the fire over there

A fire exciters B fire fighters C fighter fire D quiet miners

5 It was the first time she had experienced /riəl fiə/

A rear fear B real fierce C real fear D rear near

B Look at the phonetic symbols after assimilation and select the correct phrase.

6 He prefers /laip 'mju:zik/ to heavy music

A light music B type music C wipe musician D musical type

7 She’s wearing a /reb bæg/.

8 I sent my /pem pæl/ a message by email

9 That’s the /besp 'mu:vi/ I’ve ever seen!

A best moves B bet move C best movie D bet moving

10 There are a lot of people on /bɑʊs saidz/ of the street

A bow sides B boss says C both sides D bow signs

VOCABULARY

1 Choose the correct word to complete the definition.

1 A scandal / disagreement is a behaviour that makes people feel shocked or angry.

2 Something unlucky or unfortunate is a mistake /misfortune.

3 You show your generosity / honesty by giving someone money, gifts or kindness

freely

4 I felt pity for the thought-provoking / weather-beaten face of the farmer It looked

rough and damaged because he spent a lot of time in his field

5 To overload /overcharge something means to put too great a load on something.

6 If something is long-term / long-lasting, it can or does last for a long time.

7 Something is renewable /redecorating when it is replaced naturally.

8 Exchange / Replacement happens when you replace one thing with another.

9 Habitat /Area is where you can find a type of animal or plant.

10 If someone is skilled / distinguished, he / she is very successful and admired by

other people

2 Complete the sentences with the words in the exercise 1 above.

1 They enjoyed watching monkeys in their natural _

2 It is an industry based on _ resources

3 Be careful not to _ the washing machine

4 I admired his _ to the poor

5 They had already left the country when the _ broke

6 The famous scientist had a long and _ career

7 Our old car is badly in need of _

8 The successful experiment has a _ effect

9 The _ clothes seemed unable to keep the boatman warm enough

10 _ struck before they had even left the harbor

3 Write the synonyms The first letter of each word is given.

1 accomplishment a 2 Powerful i _

2 conquer o 4 creditable r _

3 ragged s 6 preservation c _

4 encourage p 8 unknown a _

5 destructive h 10 fill up r _

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 She was so desperate for success that she’d do anything to _ it

(achievement)

2 At the time she was under the _ of her father (influential)

3 The club has an _ ceremony for new members (initiate)

4 You shouldn’t have bought those _ jeans (market)

5 These products are not for national _, but for export (consume)

6 How many people does your company _? (employment)

7 A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting _

development in all countries (sustain)

8 He lived in close communion with _ (natural)

9 The writer recently went on a _ tour of his homeland (promotion)

10 The artist took his _ from African art (inspire)

5) Match the parts of collocations There may be more than one answer.

6 Give two examples of compound adjectives according to each pattern.

1 Adjective + noun-ED: a brown-roofed house,

2 Noun-past participle: a student-run coop, _

3 Adverb-past participle: a well-known writer,

4 Adjective-present participle: a good-looking boy, _

5 Noun-present participle: a heart-breaking story,

expensive-looking watch a number of times

When she (8 think) _ that nobody (9 look) _, she (10 drop) _ it into the bag Before I (11 have) _ a chance to tell the staff

in the shop, she (12 notice) _ that I (13 watch) _ her and (14 hurry) _ Unfortunately for her, two police officers (15 walk)

_ past just at that moment and she (16 run) _ straight into

them

2 Use a, an, the or  for “no article” to complete each response.

1 Q: What did you get for your birthday?

A: I got _ lot of good presents

2 Q: What did you get for your birthday?

A: I got _ lots of good presents

3 Q: Where are you going for your vacation?

A: I’m going to _ Dominican Republic

4 Q: What do you think of Mexico?

A: I think it’s _ very beautiful country

5 Q: Do you have a scarf I could borrow?

A: Yes, I have two blue one and _beige one Whichone; would you like to borrow?

6 Q: How is your grandfather?

A: He’s _ little sick, but it’s nothing serious

7 Q: Where were you _ last night? I called you three times

A: Oh, sorry My cellphone was off all day yesterday.

8 Q: Do you think he’s lying?

A: No, he’s the kind of _ guy that always tells the truth

9 Q: Do you remember _ exact date when the war started?

A: No, I don’t

10 Q: Are you watching _ Lakers-Celtics game? What’s _

score?

A: The Lakers are winning by 15

3 Circle the correct letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part needs correction.

1 (A) Himalayas form (B) the border between India and (C) the rest of (D) the Indian continent

2 She (A) was running in the park when she (B) tripped over a rock, (C) fell down and(D) was twisting her ankle

3 (A) The judge recommended that (B) the accused (C) remains in jail (D) for at least five days

4 One of (A) the other shops I worked for was (B) a small corner shop and I really enjoyed working there because (C) people were really friendly and (D) laid back

5 (A) On looking out of the window, (B) Dick saw it was another dreary day The wind (C) was blowing hard and big black clouds (D) gathered on the horizon

6 (A) The flavour of (B) a Christmas cake will be greatly improved if (C) a cake is sprinkled with (D) rum or brandy before storing

7 (A) It is essential that no one (B) admits to the room (C) without (D) proper

4 Identify whether the sentences are simple, complex, compound Please

underline dependent clauses where it applies.

1 Vampires Dairies is my favorite television show, but I also love True Blood.

2 The student wiped the white board that was filthy with last week’s notes

3 The trendy fashion designer released her new line on Wednesday

4 Trina and Hareem went to a bar in Hollywood to celebrate their anniversary

5 Wicked Regina cast a spell on the entire city, so the citizens decided to rebel

6 Eric ran home the rest of the way because he knew he was in trouble

7 After listening to the Kanye West CD, I have new respect for his music

8 Sarah and Ashley giggled and whispered all night

9 Dad went hunting, but Mama decided to stay home

10 The evil that men do lives after them

5 Identify the sentence where the relative pronoun which refers to the whole

clause Write the number of the sentence in the gap.

1 We do not support this new three-year project, which will cost several million pounds

2 He shows his generosity everywhere he goes, which is appreciated by the public

3 Last month, we visited Cuc Phuong National Park, which was located in a beautiful area

4 The famous athlete won three gold medals during the competition, which

demonstrated his great talent

5 This wonderful bicycle was my father’s present on my birthday, which showed his passionate love for me

6 Look at this wonderful bicycle, which was my father’s present on my birthday

7 The prisoner has escaped from prison twice so far, which caused the prison warders

to watch him much more intently

8 A notorious prisoner has escaped from Pelican Bay State Prison in California, whichwas surrounded with layers of barbed wires

9 I don’t like the songs on that music CD, which my brother bought yesterday

10 He didn’t enjoy the songs on that music CD, which surprised everyone in his family

Sentences with “which” referring to the whole clause:

READING

1 Read the text and choose the correct answer.

Urbanisation occurs because people move from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas (towns and cities) This usually occurs when a country is still developing.

Prior to 1950 the majority of urbanisation occurred in MEDCs (More Economically

Developed Countries) Rapid urbanisation took place during the period of

industrialisation that took place in Europe and North America in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Many people moved from rural to urban areas to get jobs in the rapidly expanding industries in many large towns and cities Since 1950

urbanisation has slowed down in most MEDCs, and now some of the biggest cities are losing population as people move away from the city to rural environments This is known as counter-urbanisation

Since 1950 the most rapid growth in urbanisation has occurred in LEDCs (Less

Economically Developed Countries] in South America, Africa and Asia Between 1950

and 1990 the urban population living in LEDCs doubled In developed countries the increase was less than half.

The three main causes of urbanisation in LEDCs since 1950 are:

1 Rural to urban migration is happening on a massive scale due to population pressureand lack of resources in rural areas These are ‘push’ factors

2 People living in rural areas are ‘pulled’ to the city Often they believe that the

standard of living in urban areas will be much better than in rural areas They are usually wrong People also hope for well paid jobs, the greater opportunities to find casual or ‘informal’ work, better health care and education

3 Natural increase caused by a decrease in death rates while birth rates remain high.The UN predicts that by 2030 60% of the world’s population will live in urban

+ High unemployment in inner city areas (where the old industries were once located) leads to social problems.

+ Changes in shopping have also caused problems City centre locations are no longer favoured There has been a recent growth in out of town shopping centres, which has led to the decline of many CBDs (Central Business Districts)

1 Which is TRUE, according to the text?

A Urbanisation happens when there’s a movement of people out of cities, to the surrounding areas

B Urbanisation usually occurs in underdeveloped countries

C You see urbanisation where agriculture develops

D People from the countryside move to cities, which causes urbanisation to happen

2 The word “Prior to” in Paragraph 2 means

3 Where did industrialisation happen in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

4 When does counter-urbanisation take place?

A People leave urban areas for settlement in rural environments

B People leave urban areas to go abroad

C People move from rural areas to urban areas

D People refuse to leave their city

5 What does the word “increase” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A The increase in counter-urbanisation

B The increase in urban population

C The increase in the number of developed countries

D The increase in the number of LEDCs

6 Why causes rural to urban migration to happen on a large scale?

A The urban population is increasing by less than half

B Crop failure on farms

C Widespread unemployment

D Population pressure and lack of resources in rural areas

7 One of the main causes of urbanisation in LEDCs since 1950 is

A people move away from the city to rural environments.

B high unemployment in inner city areas

C changes in shopping

D birth rates remain high while death rates decrease

8 What are some problems that urban areas in MEDCs (More Economically

Developed Countries) have experienced recent years, according to the text?

A Birth rates remain high while death rates decrease

B Rural to urban migration is happening on a massive scale

C Traffic problems and decline in industry

D Low unemployment in inner city areas

2 Read the second text and choose the best answer.

American superstar Michael Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, on August 29, 1958

He (1) audiences nearly his entire life In 1964 Michael began to (2) with his brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine and Marlon

A musical prodigy, Michael’s singing and dancing talents were (3) mature, and he soon became the (4) voice and focus of The Jackson 5 They sang songs (5) “I Want You Back,” “ABC,” and “Never Can Say Goodbye”

Solo success for Michael was (6) , and by the 1980s, he became

infinitely more popular than his brotherly group He sold millions (7)

records, culminating in the biggest-selling album of all time, “Thriller”

in 1982 A TV natural, he played some roles in films, such as playing the Scarecrow in

El Mago (1978), but he had much better luck (8) elaborate music videos

He married Lisa Marie Presley, Elvis Presley’s daughter and they got a divorce a few months later He had three children with his second wife

Michael died on June 25, 2009, at age 50, just as he was coming (9) a four-year reclusive period and rehearsing for a sold-out London concert “Comeback”

in July, seems uncommonly cruel and tragic Michael Jackson’s passion and artistry as

a singer, dancer, writer and businessman are (10)

1 A laughed at B amuses C entertained D plays

2 A perform B demonstrate C sang D performed

3 A amazing B amazingly C surprised D surprising

6 A unevitable B unescape C unavoid D inevitable

10 A not match B unmatch C unparalleled D unparallel

3 Read another text and choose the best answer.

Switching to electronic bills collectively could save 151 million pounds of paper

By Paxton Ramsdell

The cliché with mail is that it’s either junk or bills As a recent college graduate, I

quickly learned how true this is Every day I would collect my mail and leave it on my

coffee table where it would remain until I realized I needed to make a payment

Of course, I eventually grew tired of the stack of mail sitting around, not to mention concerned that I would forget to pay a bill Plus, my work at The Nature Conservancy made it even more difficult to turn a blind eye to all of this wasted paper

So, I decided to do away with my bills altogether Well, not quite But, I did banish paper bills from my coffee table - and my life

Say goodbye to paper bills

I had noticed reminders in my monthly bills that I could receive statements online instead of by mail So I gave it a try

I started with my bank statements Instead of a monthly paper statement - which was

no longer accurate by the time I received it anyway - I began receiving monthly emailsalerting me that my bank statement was ready Now I log in to my account online to I quickly and easily balance my finances

Next, I did away with my monthly cell phone bill by setting up an automatic bill pay on; my provider’s Website After a few months, I realized just how convenient, easy and safe it is to use e-bills

Encouraged, I said “goodbye” to my utility bills and credit card payments in the same fashion At the end of each month I just go online and see that my account has been charged and the payment received

Making the switch is easy - and safe

I also could have just as easily decided to consolidate all of my bill paying by setting

up online bill pay with my bank No need to worry about late fees, buying stamps or losing bills under that pile of supermarket circulars

One concern about going paperless was the safety of my accounts I took a quick lookaround my bank’s website and learned that I was well protected against any unfair charges

Many banks offer zero liability policies, which means the banks will replace any money stolen as a result of unauthorized activity, but be sure to check with your bank for their specific policies

Save time, save trees

Going paperless is one of the easiest ways to green your lifestyle Aside from the convenience, it’s environmentally responsible

If only one in five households switched to electronic bills, statements and payments, the collective impact would save 151 million pounds of paper, avoid filling 8.6 milliongarbage bags and eliminate 2 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions

So go paperless, save a forest and free up some space on that coffee table!

1 What does the word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A The cliché with mail is that it’s either junk or bills

B The author has recently graduated from college

C He would collect his mail every day

D The mail is neither junk nor bills

2 What was the author’s attitude toward the mail stacked on his coffee table?

A He needed it to make a payment

B He was afraid that he wouldn’t remember to pay a bill

C He became bored with it

D He grew tired of the bills

3 The expression “turn a blind eye to” means

A become blind

B turn one blind eye to something

C you can’t turn because of your blind eye

D pretend to ignore something bad

4 What informed him that he could receive statements online instead of by mail?

A Notices in his monthly bills B Reminders in his bills every month

C The postman D Reminders in statements online

5 What was one disadvantage of a monthly paper statement, according to the author?

A He received monthly emails instead of monthly paper statements

B It was late all the time

C By the time he received it, it was not accurate any longer

D It was not accurate from the beginning

6 How did he know that his bank statement was ready?

A Monthly emails came to alert him B The bank phoned to alert him

C He logged in to his account online D He balanced his accounts

7 Why did he set up an automatic bill pay on his provider’s website?

A Because he wanted to go on the Internet

B E-bills were his favorite

C He wanted to use credit card payments

D To do away with his monthly cell phone bill

8 What did he learn after a quick look around his bank’s website?

A He felt easy and safe

B He would be ensured protection against any unlawful charges

C He would be ensured protection against any viruses

D His accounts would be unprotected

9 What does the phrase “zero liability policies” mean?

A The banks will replace any money stolen from your account if an unauthorized activity happens

B The banks do not take any responsibility for any money stolen

C You must be responsible for any money stolen from your account

D You shouldn’t have much money in your account in case it is stolen

10 How many tons of greenhouse gas emissions will be eliminated if only one in five households switched to electronic bills, statements and payments?

A 151 million B 8.6 million C 2 million D 3 million

WRITING

1 Write the second sentence so that it means the same as the first Use the words

or phrases in capitals, but you mustn’t change them.

1 People called Elvis Presley “The King of Rock and Roll Music” because he was very popular all over the world

5 It can be seen from the graph that Istanbul urban area population increased steadily

in the period between 1950 and 2010

10 People said that Bruce Lee was killed for money

WAS SAID

2 Three environmental benefits of solar energy are:

- Solar energy reduces air pollution

- Solar energy reduces water pollution

- Solar energy reduces the need for finite resources

Write a short essay about these benefits Use some cues below or your own ideas.

+ Solar energy reduces air pollution: producing no greenhouse gases, mitigating the human impact of climate change, contributing to the improvement in air quality

+ Solar energy reduces water pollution: no pollution of local water resources,

improving river ecosystems

+ Solar energy reduces the need for finite resources: solar energy can be used over andover again

Unit 4: THE MASS MEDIA PHONETICS

1 Find the verbs ending in -ed from the text below and put them in the correct

column.

When Bond arrived at the renovated Chateau, darkness had descended He examined the shadowy building Its ground-floor windows were closed and shuttered He

glanced at his watch He concluded that there was no time to lose and decided to enter

He tried the gold-leafed front door but it was locked, barred and bolted He realized he needed a ladder He looked around and noticed one on the grass Noiselessly, he

propped it up against the freshly-painted balcony and started to climb He had nearly reached the top when he spotted headlights approaching A large car pulled in through the gate By the time it arrived at the door, Bond had already jumped through the balcony window and discovered the cause of his anxiety

2 Write the correct pronunciation of the “ed” endings after each word: /id/, /t/

VOCABULARY

1 Complete the sentences and definitions.

1 The time when something first begins to be widely used _:

2 Your _ is the way that you think and feel about somebody/something

3 The activity of using messages on social networking sites, emails, text messages, etc to frighten or upset somebody _:

4 If something is _, it is more important, powerful or noticeable than otherthings

5 When you are talking about a fact or an idea, _ means “become

known”

6 It’s a printed sheet of paper that is given free to advertise something _:

7 You use a website or other service on the Internet to communicate with people whoshare your interests _ _

8 You can carry a _ everywhere because it’s small and has a large touch screen

9 A place connected to the Internet, where you put information: _

10 A _ is a film or a radio or television programme giving facts about something

2 Choose the right word in the box to complete the sentences.

social networking objective Microblogging blog

advertisement pie chart instant messaging print media mass media attitude

1 They put an _ in The Morning News, offering a high salary for the right person

2 The teachers seem to have a very relaxed _ towards discipline

3 You can post anything on a _ - a message, link, photo or video clip

4 There is a close relationship between politics and the _

5 _ is a web service that allows the subscriber to broadcast short

messages to other subscribers of the service

6 The _ is composed of newspapers, community newsletters, wire

services, magazines, and other publications

7 He stressed the importance of a completely _, independent press

8 With _ you can exchange written messages with your friends very quickly

9 English, baby! is an active _ website for learning conversational

English

10 To draw a _, we need to represent each part of the data as a proportion

of 360, because there are 360 degrees in a circle

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 Recruitment personnel agreed that there was a need for an _ change in

this area of business (attitude)

2 Children usually have an _ to comic books (addicted)

3 The book has succeeded in making philosophy _ to a wider audience

(access)

4 Your business can be listed on the website for a low monthly _

(subscribe)

5 The _ of the squirrel behind the big tree startled them (emerge)

6 His resignation must have some _ with the recent scandal (connect)

7 There has been a _ rise in share prices recently (five)

8 Language games are usually intended to encourage student _ (interact)

9 The _ was made on location in the Gobi desert (document)

10 A great deal of effort has gone into making the software _ (rely)

4 Choose the best answer.

1 The _ of computer and internet has changed the way we lead our lives

2 We picked up a few _ on local places of interest

3 She has written _ for several women’s magazines

A paragraphs B particles C articles D headlines

4 She _ the GPS system before she left the airport

A switched on B changed C maintained D turned up

10

5 The local _ group is staging a production of the musical ‘Grease’

6 The facts behind the scandal are sure to _ eventually

7 I just had time to scan the _ before leaving for work

A headaches B head office C headband D headlines

8 She has a remarkable ability to _ with a wide variety of people

9 The police refused to disclose the _ of their information.

10 Most _ have battery life that is far better than laptops

A PC tablets B laptops C tablets D desktop PCs

5 What goes with each verb? Cross out the wrong answer.

1 to connect with friends / the internet /family

2 to change your anger/ attitude / opinion

3 Facts/ ideas/ advents emerge

4 A headline makes /reads/says something

5 to interact with children / the moon /people

6 to search for a missing child /your passport/your hands

7 to cut down on your look/fatty foods / accidents

8 to have access to medical care / imagination / the Internet

9 to rely on disappointment/ a computer/someone

10 to be addicted to gambling / computer games / bedtime

6 Replace the incorrect underlined words / phrases with correct ones.

1 Have you got the dictionary appointment on your phone? I downloaded one yesterday

2 Quick messaging helps me exchange written messages with my friends very quickly

3 Liftlets are used to advertise or give information about something

4 Their exports of rice have increased fifthfold during the last three months

5 Society networking websites help you interact online with other people

6 We describe to several sports channels and find them really interesting

7 He prefers his table to the desktop PC, so he carries it everywhere with him

8 Web-bullying happens when kids bully each other through electronic technology

9 A round chart is a type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole

10 Dominique’s teacher says that she reacts well with the other children

GRAMMAR

1 Fill in the blanks using the words in the box below.

1 They searched _ survivors from the earthquake but it was hopeless.

2 It’s important to protect your skin _ the harmful effects of the sun

3 Some people believe _ life after death

4 You may not approve _ what he did, but he’s still your brother

5 We couldn’t agree _ what to buy

6 The police respond _ emergencies in just a few minutes

7 He agreed _ them about the need for change

8 Belgium are preparing _ Saturday’s game against Spain

9 He fell in the river, but his friend saved him _ drowning

10 The company specialises _ customized computer systems

2 Finish the sentences with your own ideas.

1 I sat waiting patiently for

2 He’s in hospital, recovering from

3 He succeeded in _

4 The animals died of

5 I can’t concentrate on _

6 We agreed never to refer to _

7 He took an umbrella with him, but _

8 I am writing to ask for

9 Mary’s suffering from _

10 The house smelt of

3 Complete the following sentences with the verbs either in the past simple or past perfect tense.

1 My mother (worry) _ a lot about me before she (hear) _

that I was safe with my friends

2 I didn’t like that country It (be) _ much smaller than I (expect)

_

3 By the time the firefighters (arrive) _, the building (already / burn)

_ down

4 They (go) _ to the cinema after they (finish) _ their dinner.

5 She (just / enter) _ the room when the door (open) _ and Jason (enter) _.

6 After he (work) _ for the software company for two years, he (decide)

9 After we (discuss) _ it on the phone, I (write) _ him an

email about it

10 His grandfather (be) _ to the island three times before he (die)

_

4 Complete the text with the verbs in brackets Use Past Simple or Past Perfect.

In March 1999, thieves (1 steal) _ diamonds from Woolworth, a famous jewellery shop in Boston The thieves were very smart Before the robbery, they (2 hide) _ in the building next door and (3 cut) _ a hole through

the wall

They used it to get into the shop By the time the guard at the entrance (4 see)

_ them, they (5 already / take) _ the very expensive jewellery

from the safe

A man from the neighbourhood (6 hear) _ some noises in the shop and

he (7 call) _ the police but when they (8 arrive) _ at the shop, the thieves (9 escape) _.

READING

1 Read the text and choose the correct answer.

Mass media can be defined as the media used for addressing or communicating with the masses Anything that serves the source for communication amongst a large

audience is included in the category of mass media

Mass media is a broad term under which includes everything or anything that conveys

a message to the masses is included From newspapers to books, from radios to

televisions, form the mobile phones to Ipods and to the internet, all are included in the category of mass media Though the term was coined in the 1920’s when the radio andthe television were revolutionizing the world into modern times, the concept of mass media is as old as the human civilization itself

The only difference is that the lives of the past people did not depend on the mass media like our lives do today We cannot live without mass media as it surrounds us like a shadow.

The mass media is used by the masses for the following basic purposes:

+ To get news and information

+ For entertainment i.e music, movies, sports and drama

+ For communicating with other people

Serving the above purposes, below given are three broad categories of mass media:

Publishing Media

The publishing media is the oldest form of mass media This media includes books, newspapers and magazines The concept of books is not new It is believed that the first ever book in the world was printed in 863 AD in China Though it was the first book to be officially published, many historians claim that books has been released way before this time

Newspapers are also not new They were developed during the 17th century in England and by the 19th century were common mass media

The publishing media or the print media are not the only source of mass

communication any more Therefore, there has been a decline in its popularity but still

is a very important source of mass media still popular amongst the huge masses

Broadcasting Media

The broadcasting media includes radio and television These two media are probably the most highlighted inventions of the 20th century The invention of radio changed the face of the earth forever People could now hear news from around the world live sitting at their homes Where radio initiated the concept of audio mass communication,television revolutionized the visual form of communication Now people could not only hear the news but they could also see it

Although drama and plays had been popular even before the concept of any particular mass media, they were revolutionized into movies, films, and tele serials to be

displayed on TV

Sports were also recorded or broadcasted live via radios and televisions making the life of people easy who had to go to stadiums and buy tickets to watch a match of theirfavorite sport

Similarly music videos, soaps, various talk shows started to become popular on

televisions

Today the broadcasting media is the most popular media amongst the masses News channels cover a story and an event within seconds of their occurring, keeping people updated minute by minute details of all the important events occurring in the world

The Electronic Media

The electronic media are the new age media which include computers, mobile phones, internet, Ipods, CD players, tape recorders etc The electronic media are what our world revolves around today Internet is believed to be the services of the services It isthe medium which connects the entire globe It is the wonder of the modern world on which our modern age largely depends on

If you want to search for something, Google finds it for you in less than a second, through emails you can get connected to someone from another part of the world in just few seconds

Another marvel of the modern age is the mobile phone Mobile phones were first introduced in 1979 in Japan but they weren’t popular amongst the masses until the mid

‘90s Within the span of ten to fifteen years mobile phones have become so popular that the young generation can actually not live without it Today mobile phones are notjust simple portable telephones but they are more of computers

Cassette players which have now been revolutionized into Ipods and CD players were also an important invention

The most important invention of them all is perhaps the computers which not only turned the electronic media around but also changed the face of modern technology Without computers the Internet would have been impossible

1 What’s the best heading for the text?

A History of mass media

B The advent of Digital Media Age

C The popularity of mobile communication

D Types of mass media

2 What are mass media?

A Means of transport that serves the masses

B Means of communication serving a small number of people

C Any of the means of communication that reach very large numbers of people.

D The media you use for writing a novel

3 Which belongs to the category of mass media?

4 How do the mass media affect our lives?

A We cannot live without them

B The lives of the past people did not depend on the mass media

C The concept of mass media is as old as the human civilization itself

D They rely on us for existence

5 Which is one purpose of using the mass media by the masses?

A For publishing books B For entertainment

C To reduce stress D To cure diseases

6 Which is TRUE about newspapers?

A They were printed in 863 AD in China

B They were released way before 863 AD in China

C They were common mass media by the 19th century

D They were developed in 863 AD in England

7 Which belong to the electronic media?

A Books B Magazines C Newspapers D Mobile phones

8 Which are considered the most highlighted inventions of the 20th century?

A The Internet B Radio and television

C Cassette players D Mobile phones

9 Which is NOT TRUE about the Internet?

A It connects the whole world

B It is the oldest form of mass media

C Internet is believed to be the services of the services

D It is the wonder of the modern world

10 When did mobile phones actually become popular?

A Right from the introduction B Between ten and fifteen years

C In the middle of 1990s D They are not just simple portable

telephones

2 Read the second text and choose the best answer.

Different Types of Mass Media

Computers

With the invention of computers the (1) _ has become possible We

virtually get information (2) _ verything from pin to piano with the help ofcomputers It has added speed and multimedia to the information (3) _ was earlier available only in the print format Also, anyone can voice their opinions through computers Computers have added a new breakthrough in the mass media by(4) _ human intelligence with the cutting edge technology

Internet

It’s the most important (5) _ of the new age media The discovery of Internet can be called the biggest invention in mass media In the earlier days, news used to (6) _ people only with the morning newspaper But today, live updates reach us simultaneously as the events unfold For example, the royal wedding

of Kate Middleton and Prince William was watched live on the Internet (7)

_ millions of people around the world It’s inspired interaction and

connectivity through its social networking medium

Websites

Internet has a plethora of websites (8) _ to various people, companies, brands, causes, activities, etc The most significant utility of these websites is for providing information, search engines, downloads through libraries, and interaction through the (9) _ networking sites Because of these websites, carrying oute-commerce transactions has also become easy

Podcasts

Podcasts are mediums of mass communication that include short video or audio files.They can be seen and heard on mobiles, computers, and (10) _ media instruments They are engaging devices of communication

1 A impossible B possible C probable D unable

4 A supporting B combining C associate D joined

5 A device B equipment C machine D tool

7 A for B by C to D at

8 A similar B addicted C devoted D dedicated

10 A possible B portable C suitable D probable

3 Read another text and choose the best answer.

Today 97% of teens in the U.S play video games, and sales of games are growing Thedomestic video game industry brings in nearly $12 billion a year This popular form of media has both positive and negative effects on children

The most widely acknowledged “positive” impact is that video games may help

children improve their manual dexterity and computer literacy Ever-improving technology also provides players with better graphics that give a more “realistic”

virtual playing experience

This quality makes the video game industry a powerful force in many adolescent lives.When a video game is “pro-social” and rewards players for building a town or helping others, children tend to show more empathy and helpfulness in their daily lives,

according to a 2014 study by Douglas Gentile, Ph.D., associate professor of

psychology at Iowa State University

However, studies also show that video games with violent content are linked to more aggressive behaviour in teens This is a concern because most of the popular video games contain violence

Part of the increase in aggressive behavior is linked to the amount of time children are allowed to play video games-and daily media use by children is increasing

Gentile & Anderson (2003) state that playing video games may increase aggressive behaviour because violent acts are continually repeated throughout the video game This method of repetition has long been considered an effective teaching method in reinforcing learning patterns.

Research has also found that, controlling for prior aggression, children who played more violent video games during the beginning of the school year showed more aggression than other children later in the school year

1 What’s the text mainly about?

A Tips on Managing Teen Media Consumption

B The Entertainment Software Rating Board

C Impact of Video Games on Adolescents

D Impact of Video Games on Children

2 Which sentence shows that selling video games is big business in the USA?

A Today 97% of teens in the U.S play video games

B This popular form of media has both positive and negative effects on children

C Video games may help children improve their manual dexterity and computer literacy

D The domestic video game industry brings in nearly $12 billion a year

3 What adjective is used to describe video games in Paragraph 1?

A Negative B Popular C Positive D Domestic

4

C Virtual playing experience D Adolescent lives

5 What does the violent content in video games lead to, according to some studies?

A Powerful adolescent lives B It rewards players

C More aggressive behaviour in teens D Less violence

6 How long a day do American teenagers spend on entertainment media?

A Between 8 and 18 hours B Half an hour

C Seven and a half hours D Seven hours

7 What benefit do players get as your character masters skill and wins in interactive video games?

A Players are encouraged to identify with their favorite characters

B Players are encouraged to role play their favorite characters.

C Players win fights or battles

D Players move up in game levels as their character masters skill and wins

8 Why may playing video games increase aggressive behaviour, according to Gentile

& Anderson?

A Players directly benefit from engaging in acts of violence

B Continual repetition of violent acts throughout the video game

C It’s an effective teaching method

D Daily media use by children is increasing significantly

WRITING

1 Look at the pie chart and the description below it Use the phrases in the box to complete the description.

less than a quarter accounting for A significant majority

social media websites considerable difference proportion

second most visited most visited website

Using Social Media By Adult Internet Users As Of January 2014

This chart shows how adult Internet users are using (1) as of January 2014 At first glance it is clear that the (2) is Facebook (3) of adult Internet users, at 71%, access Facebook The (4) social media website is LinkedIn Only 22% of adult Internet users browse it, (5) over one third of those using Facebook LinkedIn is followed closely by Pinterest in the (6) of adult users, at21% Twitter users account for (7) of all adults, at 19% The least visited website is Instagram where 17% of users visit as of January 2014

In conclusion, Facebook users account for a significant majority There is not a (8) in the proportion of the users of the remaining websites

2 The pie chart shows various means British people used to access the internet in

2010 Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features of fhe chart Write at least 140 words.

How the British accessed the Internet in 2010