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Trang 1UNIT 1: PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIP
I VOCABULARY & FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE
1.1 Vocabulary
Task 1: People in your life
Match the words in the box with the definitions 1 - 10
best friend • acquaintance • fiancé / fiancée • housemate • workmate
ex-girlfriend / boyfriend • ex-husband / wife • roommate • classmate
colleague • relative / relation • (steady) girlfriend / boyfriend • flatmate
1 Somebody you are going out with
2 Somebody you used to go out with
3 Somebody you used to be married to
4 Somebody you are going to marry
5 Somebody you work with (two possible answers)
6 Somebody you share accommodation with (three possible
answers)
7 Somebody you know well and get on very well with
8 Somebody you share lessons at school with
9 Somebody you know, but not very well
10 A member of your family
Task 2: Idioms, colloquialisms and other expressions
Match the sentences on the left with a suitable response on the right Use your dictionary to look
up the meanings of the words and expressions in bold.
1 They were going to get married, but at the last
moment Allison broke it off.
2 I've got lots of friends, but only one real soul
mate.
3 How do you get on with your in-laws?
4 Didn't you meet your future wife on a blind
date?
5 I'm sorry you and Melanie have split up, but
don't worry; there are plenty more fish in the
sea.
6 Don't go out with him; he's a real ladykiller!
7 Sally came to the party with her latest toyboy.
8 Your new secretary is a bit of a flirt, isn't she?
9 Is Meg still on the shelf?
10 Chris and Jo's marriage is on the rocks.
11 How do you get on with your ex-boyfriend?
12 Are you divorced?
A Me too We have similar feelings and get on really well
B She certainly is She likes attracting the attention of all the men in the office
C Not yet, but we are separated
D Yes My friends arranged it for me
E That's true; I should get out a bit and meet more people
F Although we don't go out together any more, we're still good friends
G Poor Ian! He must have been really upset
H Really? I thought they were getting on so well together
I I know He seems to spend all his time chatting up women
J Not well, I'm afraid They've never forgiven
me for marrying their son
K No Haven't you heard? She met the man of her dreams a few weeks ago
L I'm not surprised She's always preferred younger men
Task 3: Fill in the gaps with the suitable adjectives taken from the box.
Trang 2Note: There are more words in the box than you need, and there may be more than one correct answer for each gap.
1 He enjoys unusual and rather dangerous activities like white-water rafting He’s so
2 He’s also very If he hurts himself, he never complains about the pain
3 They gave a lot of money to the earthquake victims They’re
4 IELTS examiners are very They are quite calm even if they have to repeat the same question three times
5 My father is very When he says he’ll do something, he always do it
6 My aunt has lots of fun at parties because she is so and
7 A good friend should be and always tell the truth
8 My youngest cousin isn’t very good at talking to new people She’s quite
9 Their mother is and She’s a helpful person who understands other people’s needs and problems
1.2 Functional language: Linking words
a Look at an answer for speaking part 1 below:
“To begin, I love running outside Furthermore, I try to run for half an hour in the park near
my house every morning In conclusion, moving around outside is an essential activity for me.”
This is an inappropriate response because those linking words are too formal, and, thus, they
sound very unnatural and grating to a native speaker, and the examiner
A better, more natural response would be, “Actually, I love running outside In fact, I try to run for half an hour in the park near my house every morning Honestly, moving around outside is an
essential activity for me.”
In Speaking Part 1, you should use linking words and transition phrases like actually, in fact,
to be honest, you know, well, for example and another thing is that, etc.
b Natural Connectors in Speech
There are several real-life connectors used to keep the conversation flowing naturally
Notice how there are considerable pauses in the conversation filled with “um…” This is
perfectly natural because you are speaking as you consider your responses in real time This kind ofconnector acts like a filler When asked for your opinion, natural fillers include sounds of hesitation,expressions of surprise at the question, or comments that are later followed by an answer
• Um…/Well…/Hmm… (in hesitation)
• That’s a tough/interesting/good question.
• Hmm… That’s difficult.
• Wow, I really don’t know.
Trang 3• Offhand, I’d say…
• Let’s see…
• Good question!
• Well, I suppose…
Another type of connector used by both the examiner and the candidate - a marker for
examples, part of a sequence, or one of many The examiner says “First, let’s consider…” and the candidate responds, “The first thing that comes to mind…” Later he adds to this by saying “Another thing…” Here’s a small list of phrases that carry out this same task and also serve to
• So, what about…?
Finally, notice how the candidate asks, “You can understand what I mean?” This was
probably not meant to be a real question It’s something we naturally do to keep conversation movingand to reconnect with our conversational partners Common conversational “checks” are sometimesincomplete sentences and include examples such as:
• …You know what I mean?
• …, you know?
• Does that make sense?
• …, right?
Trang 4II LISTENING SKILL: Skill A - Understanding main ideas and organization
2.1 Short conversation: Understanding main ideas
a Necessary skills:
• Understanding the overall topic of basic idea of a conversation
• Understanding the speaker’s general purpose in having a conversation
• Inferring the speaker’s purpose or main idea when it is not directly stated
b Example questions:
• What is the main topic of the conversation?
• What are the speakers mainly discussing?
• What is the woman’s main concern about ………?
• Why did the speaker mention ………?
c Practice
Exercise 1: Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer for the following questions (Track 1.1)
1 What are the people mainly discussing?
A How many people it takes to play a game
B The steps it takes to register an intramural sports team
C The cost of registration to make a team
D Making an intramural basketball team
2 How many people are required to form the team?
B Where to find journals
C A broken copy machine
D What the woman does
2 Why does the man mention the reference desk?
A The person there can answer the woman’s question
B It is another place to make copies
C The woman must go there first
D Something that the woman needs is located there
3 According to the man, what can the woman find on the fourth floor?
A The reference desk
B The article she needs
Trang 5C A cash card machine
D Copy machines
2.2 Long passages and lectures: Understanding main ideas and organization
a Main ideas questions
Strategies:
• Listening carefully to the beginning of the lecture or talk (for a conversation, listen to the firstfew exchanges), where the speakers mention the topic
• Pay attention to expressions that indicate the topic:
o Today’s talk is on………
o Today we’re going to talk about ………
o Now we are going to discuss ………
• In a conversation, listen for cues that will indicate a speaker’s main purpose
o How can I help?
o What do you need?
o Can you help me with ………?
• Listen for key words that are emphasized or repeated
• Keep in mind that two or more major ideas together may define the overall topic
• Do not choose an answer choice that is too general, not mentioned, or related to only part ofthe information
Example questions:
• What is the main topic of the lecture?
• What is the talk mainly about?
• What are the speakers mainly discussing?
• What aspect of ………does the professor mainly discuss?
• What aspect of the problem does the ……… help with?
• What features of each type of ……….does the professor focus on?
• What concerns does the students have about ……….?
• Why did the professor mention ………?
• What is the student’s motivation for ……….?
b Organization questions:
Necessary skills:
• Recognizing the organization of information in a lecture or a conversation
• Recognizing the sequence of information
• Identifying the main steps of a process
• Summarizing a process with its main steps
Example questions:
• Why does the speaker mention ……… ?
• Why does the professor tell the students about ……… ?
• Why does the professor discuss ………?
Trang 6• Why does the professor make a distinction between …… and ………….?
• How is the discussion organized?
• How does the professor organize the information about ………?
• How does the professor support the idea that ………… ?
• How does the professor clarify her point about ………… ?
Strategies:
• Use diagrams, arrows, and outline format while taking notes to indicate the organization andrelative importance of information
• Listen for transitions that indicate sequencing of information
o First, now the first step is …
o Next, (and) then
o So now
o The last step is ……, finally
• Different types of organization may appear in the answer choices as follows:
o Classifying/ categorizing
o Describing causes and effects
o Explaining causes/ reasons
Exercise 1: Listen and choose the best answer for the following questions (Track 1.3)
1 What aspect of mountains does the professor mainly discuss?
A A particular mountain
B Weather on mountains
C How mountains form
D Countries with different kinds of mountains
2 What is the talk mainly about?
A The talk discussed how K2 is taller than Mount Everest
B The talk explained that more people try to climb K2 than Mount Everest, but fewer people make it
to the top
C The talk looks at how K2 is not the tallest mountain, but it is the most difficult to climb
D The talk discusses how, since 1953, no one has climbed to the top of K2
3 What is the evidence the professor gives to show how difficult it is to climb K2?
A He explains how many climbers have died trying to climb the mountain
Trang 7B He mentions the mountain’s height and weather conditions.
C He lists the dates that famous climbers tried to go up the mountain
D He tells the story of his friend who attempted to climb K2
4 Why does the professor say this:
A To introduce the next part of the lecture
B To see if students understood a point he has just explained
C To check how many students read the material in the book
D To remind students about the focus of the course
Exercise 2: Listen and choose the best answer for the following questions (Track 1.4)
1 What is the conversation mainly about?
A Studying plants in school
B Caring for plants
C Moving plants from outside to inside
D Keeping both pets and plants
2 What is the woman’s main point?
A Houseplants are like pets
B It’s important to research the needs of houseplants
C She has very little free time
D Caring for houseplants takes too much hard work
3 According to the woman, why is the orchid at home where it is?
A There isn’t much light or moisture
B These conditions matched the orchid’s previous living conditions
C The orchid needs moisture but not light
D There is enough light and moisture
4 Listen again to part of the conversation and answer the question
Why does the man say this: ?
A To indicate that he has moved to a new house
B To communicate his intention to change things
C To remind the woman that it is a long time since she visited him
D To explain that she will need a map to get to his house
Trang 8III SPEAKING SKILL: Part 1 – Social Interaction
Task 1: Listen to the recordings and decide which answer is better.
1 Examiner: Do you see your friends very often? (Track 1.5)
A:
B:
Louisa: Yes, I do Louisa: Yes … we meet up most weekends … we all get on
really well and have a lot in common so we’re always happy
doing the same things and going to the same places
● to get on well with: to understand someone and enjoy similar interests
● to have a lot in common: to share similar interests
2 Examiner: What do you like about your close friends? (Track 1.6)
A:
B:
Anna: I think we like each other We agree on
most things We rarely misunderstand each
other
Anna: I think we enjoy each other’s company … we see eye-to-eye on most things
so we rarely fall out with each other.
● to enjoy someone’s company: to like spending time with someone
● to fall out with: to have a disagreement and stop being friends
● to see eye to eye: to agree on a subject
3 Examiner: Have you known each other long? (Track 1.7)
A:
B:
Amy: Most of them I and my closest friend
Carrie began friends at college Some of my
other friendships started long ago
Amy: Most of them yes … although my closest
friend Carrie … we struck up a relationship at college and got on like a house on fire … but yes … my other friendships go back years to
when we were at school
● to get on like a house on fire: to like someone’s company very much indeed
● to strike up a relationship: to begin a friendship
● to go back years: to have known someone for a long time
TIPS:
• Extend your answers instead of answering Yes or No only
Example:
Do you often hang out with friends?
Yes, I do I like hanging out with friends at a café every Saturday morning so that we can chatabout everything It’s so funny and relaxed
Trang 9Do you like reading books?
Yes, I do I love reading books both for fun and for study When I have free time, I enjoyreading my favourite comic books which make me relaxed Moreover, I also read mytextbooks at university to get information
• Use suitable linking words, such as, firstly, secondly, finally, besides, moreover, what’s more,etc
Example:
Do you like watching TV?
Yes, I do I love watching gameshows because they are very exciting Moreover, thecontestants are very clever so they win very big prizes sometimes
• Paraphrase your ideas: use different words and phrases from what the examiner asks you.Example:
What do you do in your free time?
Well, in my spare time, I enjoy doing various things
• Use compound and complex sentences
Example:
Who are you close to in your family?
Well, I get on very well with my mother She always gives me good advice when I have problem in life Besides, she’s the person whom I tell my secret to
• Being friendly and confident when speaking
Task 2: Discuss with your partner to complete these answers
Trang 10Task 3: Work with your partner to ask and answer these following questions
Family and friends
1 What do you like doing most with your family?
2 Who are you close to in your family?
3 In what way is your family important to you?
4 In what ways have families changed in the last hundred years?
5 Should we rely heavily on our families or is it better to try to be independent?
Friends
1 Do you have many friends? Are they casual acquaintances or close friends?
2 Do you prefer to stay with your family or with your friends?
3 Do you prefer one or two close friends or many friends?
4 Is the time you spend with your friends as much as that you spend with your family?
Trang 115 What do you expect from a good friend?
6 Do you think friendships change as we get older? Why?
Task 4: Work with a partner to make as many questions as possible about people and relationships Then practice asking and answering
Trang 12UNIT 2: LEISURE ACTIVITIES
I VOCABULARY & FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE
1.1 Vocabulary
Task 1: Name the activities below
Task 2: Look at the boxes below.
In the first box, you will see a list of verbs in bold, and some of the words we use with them These arethe things that people do in their free time
In the second box, you will see a list of verbs to say that we like something
In the third box, you will see a list of adjectives that we use to describe why we enjoy differentactivities
Write sentences to say what you enjoying doing in your free time, and why you enjoy doing them
Some common expressions:
Trang 13Task 3: Look at the following dialogue from Part 1 of the Speaking test Match the examiner’s questions with the candidate’s answers
Trang 14Okay For the first part of the test, I’d like to talk
to you about free time How much free time do
you have?
IIISure Here you are
D
What do you usually do in your free time?
IVApart from studying, I like to chat with myfriends online for fun, and I also love going tothe movies to relax
E
Do you think people these days should have
more free time?
V
I am studying quite hard at the moment, so Idon’t have a lot of free time!
Task 4: Work in pairs to ask and answer.
1 How much free time do you have each week? Is it enough?
2 How much free time do you have today? Is it enough?
3 Do you think most people have enough free time?
4 Do people have more free time than 100 years ago?
5 Will people have more free time in the future? Why/ Why not?
6 What do you like to watch on TV in your free time?
7 What do you like to read in your free time?
8 Why is having too much free time a bad thing?
9 What exercise do you do in your free time?
10 What did you do for fun last weekend?
11 What is your favorite hobby? Why do you like it?
12 When was the last time you saw a movie in a movie theater?
13 About how many hours do you go online each day?
14 What do you plan to do for fun next weekend?
15 Do you have any free time after this class?
16 Do you ever study English in your free time? Why/ Why not?
1.2 Functional language: Purposes
Task 1: Look at the following adverbial phrases Can you divide them into two groups? Which grammatical pattern do you notice?
Trang 15Task 2: Look at these sentences
I like to chat with my friends online for fun.
I also love going to the movies to relax.
I like to take photos for fun.
I use Facebook to keep in touch with my friends.
I read novels in my spare time for relaxation.
I study English in my free time to get good marks.
I play computer games to have fun.
Can you write 5 more sentences about what you like to do in your leisure time Use an adverbialphrase in each sentence to say why you like doing the activity
Trang 16II READING SKILL: Skill A – Understanding
1 Tips:
• Choose a key word in the question
• Skim in the appropriate part of the passage for the key word or idea
• Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully
• Eliminate the definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remainingchoices
• Identifying negative facts:
o Recognizing incorrect information as well as information not mentioned in the text
o Identifying paraphrases that do or do not correctly summarize information from thetext
2 Example questions:
• According to the passage, who/ when/ where/ what/ how/ why …?
• According to the paragraph …, ………….because …
• In paragraph …, the author states that …
• In paragraph …, what does the author say about …?
• The author mentions …….as an example of …
• According to the passage, which of the following is true about …?
Negative facts questions:
• All of the following are mentioned in paragraph … EXCEPT …
• According to the passage, which is NOT …?
Lake Baikal, which today is located near the center of the Asian peninsula, is most likely theworld’s oldest lake It began forming 25 million years ago as Asia started splitting apart in a series ofgreat faults The Baikal Valley dropped away, eventually filling with water and creating the deepest of theworld’s lakes
1 What is stated in paragraph 1 about the shape of Lake Baikal?
A It is wider than it is long
B It is circular in shape
C Its width is one-half of its length
Trang 17D It is shaped like a new moon
2 It is indicated in paragraph 1 that the area of Lake Baikal
A is less than the area of eight other lakes
B is one-ninth the area of Siberia
C is greater than the area of any other freshwater lake
D is equal to the area of the five Great Lakes
3 According to paragraph 1, Lake Baikal
A holds one-fifth of the world’s water
B holds five times the water of the Great Lakes
C holds one-ninth of the world’s water
D holds 20 percent of the world’s fresh water
4 According to paragraph 1, the Olkhon Crevice is
A outside of Lake Baikal
B 400 meters below sea level
C the deepest part of Lake Baikal
D 5,000 meters deep
5 It is mentioned in paragraph 2 that Lake Baikal
A is not as old as some other lakes
B formed when sections of the Earth were moving away from each other
C was fully formed 25 million years ago
D is today located on the edge of the Asian peninsula
Exercise 2: Read the text and choose the best answer
The study of control processes in electronic, mechanical, and biological Systems is known ascybernetics The word was coined in 1948 by the American mathematician Norbert Wiener from theGreek word meaning pilot or steersman Cybernetics is concerned with the analysis of the flow ofinformation in both living organisms and machines, but it is particularly concerned with Systems that arecapable of regulating their own operations without human control
Automatic regulation is accomplished by using information about the State of the end productthat is fed back to the regulating device, causing it to modify or correct production procedures ifnecessary The concept of feedback is at the very heart of cybernetics and is what makes a systemautomatic and self-regulating A simple example of a self-regulating machine is a thermostat, which reacts
to continual feedback ab-out the outside temperature and responds accordingly to achieve the temperaturethat has been programmed into it
The applications of cybernetics are wide reaching, appearing in Science, engineering, technology,sociology, economics, education and medicine Computers can keep a patient alive during a surgicaloperation, making instantaneous modifications based on a constant flow of information In education,teaching machines use cybernetic principles to instruct students on an individual basis In the home,automation is present in such everyday products as refrigerators, coffee makers and dishwashers In
Trang 18industry, automation is increasing its applications although it is currently applied primarily to the scale production of single units In industries in which a break in the flow of production can ruin theproduct, automatic controls are invaluable Chemical and Petroleum plants are now almost completelyautomatic, as are Industries involved in the production of chemicals and atomic energy Automation hasbecome the answer when human safety is the number one priority.
large-1 Which system is NOT the study of control process of cybernetics?
3 According to the passage, cybernetics is primarily concerned with system that
A are controlled by humans
B analyze flaws of information
C are self-regulating
D have wide-reaching applications
4 According to the passage, how is automatic regulation accomplished?
A By modifying and correcting production procedures
B By feeding information to the regulatory device
C By analyzing the flow of information to the organism
D By making modifications in cybernetic principles
5 According to the passage, what makes a system automatic and self-regulating?
7 According to the passage, automation in industry is primarily used in producing
A Large quantities of a single unit
B Everyday household products
Trang 19C Small amounts of many different products
D high tech surgical instrument
8 According to the passage, automation is extremely important when the top priority is
On any collecting trip, obtaining the animals is, as a rule, the simplest part of the job As soon
as the local people discover that you are willing to buy live wild creatures, the stuff comes pouring in;ninety percent is, of course, the commoner types, but they do bring an occasional rarity If you wantthe really rare stuff, you generally have to go out and find it yourself, but while you are devoting yourtime to this you can be sure that all the common local animals will be brought in to you So one nightalso say that getting the animals is easy: the really hard part is keeping them once you have got them
The chief difficulty you have when you have got a newly caught animal is not so much theshock it might be suffering, but the fact that being caught forces it to exist close to a creature it regards
as an enemy of the worst possible sort: yourself On many occasions an animal may take beautifully tobeing in a cage but getting used to the idea of living with people is another matter This is the difficultyyou can only deal with by patience and kindness For month after month, an animal may try to biteyou every time you approach its cage, until you despair of ever making a favourable impression on it.Then, one day, sometimes without any preliminary warning, it will trot forward and take food fromyour hand, or allow you to tickle it behind the ears At such moments you feel that all the waiting inthe world was worthwhile
Feeding, of course, is one of your main problems Not only must you have a fairly extensiveknowledge of what each animal eats in the wild state, but you have to work out something else whenthe natural food is unavailable, and then teach your animal to eat it You also have to provide for theirindividual likes and dislikes, which vary enormously I have known a rat which, refusing all normal ratfood – fruit, bread, and vegetables – lived for three days on an exclusive diet of spaghetti I have had agroup of five monkeys, of the same age and types, who displayed the oddest individual characteristics.Out of the five, two loved hard-boiled eggs, while the other three were frightened of the strange whiteshapes and would not touch them, actually screaming in fear if you put such a terrifying object as ahard-boiled egg into their cage These five monkeys all adored oranges but, whereas the four wouldcarefully peel their fruit and throw away the skin, the fifth would peel his orange equally carefully andthen throw away orange and eat the peel When you have a collection of several hundred creatures alldisplaying such curious characteristics, you are sometimes driven mad in your efforts to satisfy theirdesires, and so keep them healthy and happy
Trang 20But of all the irritating tasks that you have to undertake during a collecting trip, bringing thebaby animals up by hand is undoubtedly the worst To begin with, they are generally stupid overtaking a bottle and there is nothing quite so unattractive as struggling with a baby animal in a sea ofwarm milk And then they have to be kept warm, especially at night, and this means (unless you takethem to bed with you, which is often the answer) you have to get up several times during the night torefill hot-water bottles After a hard day’s work, to drag yourself out of bed at three in the morning tosee to hot-water bottles is an occupation that soon loses its charm.
1 What does the writer say about getting hold of animals?
A The best solution is to collect most of them yourself
B Dealing with local collector takes a lot of time
C Collecting large numbers of animals is usually no problem
D Local people may not understand how rare some animals are
2 What is the main problem with an animal that has just been caught?
A It is frightened to be near humans
B It has been badly shocked by its experience
C It does not like being with other animals
D It will try to break out of his cage
3 How does the writer treat new animals in his collection?
A He keeps away from those that bite
B He tried to build up a relationship with them
C He feeds them by hand every day
D He keeps them separate for several months
4 How does the writer make sure the animals have a good diet?
A He collects food for them from their natural home
B He gives them a variety of fruit, bread and vegetables
C He mixes food they dislike in with their favourites
D He finds alternatives to their natural food if necessary
5 What do we learn about the five monkeys?
A Some of them did not want eggs in their cage
B One of them did not know how to peel an orange
C Some of them were too frightened to eat anything
D One of them threw his orange at the others
6 The writer says that with a large collection of animal, it is …
A impossible to keep them all in cages
B a problem to control their natural curiosity
C crazy to expect them all to be healthy
D hard work to give each one what it wants
7 What problems does the writer have at night?
Trang 21A He has to work with the baby animals until 3 a.m.
B He keeps the baby animals’ cages in his bedroom
C He has to keep getting up to look after the babies
D The babies have to be given regular warm disks
Exercise 4: You are going to read an extract from a book about collecting animals for zoos For questions 1 – 5, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
Today, people from many different professions must give presentations For example, businesspeople might present their new product to an audience of potential clients in order to convince theaudience to buy Medical doctors might present the findings from their research to an audience of othermedical professionals Indeed, the career success of a business person or researcher may depend on his
or her ability to communicate effectively during such a presentation Often, these presentations aredone in front of a large group of people in a large room When this is the case, it is generally necessary
to use a microphone Unfortunately, using a microphone can make some presenters nervous However,
if one keeps in mind a few basic tips about using a microphone, the presentation will go much moresmoothly for presenter and audience alike
The first tip every presenter should remember is to arrive early to the conference room It isnecessary to test the system before actually standing in front of the audience To do so, the presentershould stand about six inches from the mike and say, "testing—testing." If the speaker is too close tothe microphone, it will pick up his or her breathing and high tones in the speaker's voice may cause anannoying, high-pitched noise The person controlling the volume of the sound system can makeadjustments If it is too loud, the volume can be turned down, and vice-versa
Also, a presenter should not lean over the microphone Mikes are sensitive enough to pick upone's voice from a short distance Bending over the mike will not help the presenter sound betterInstead, it will probably make the presenter look awkward In fact, by bending over the mike, thepresenter makes himself or herself appear smaller and less confident It is important to project aconfident appearance to conduct a successful presentation
Finally, presenters should remember not to touch the microphone with their mouths or fingers.Accidentally bumping the mike can make an unpleasant sound Again, by standing six inches away,the presenter will avoid this problem By following these tips, any presenter will feel comfortable onthe day of his or her next presentation
1 According to the passage, when is it necessary to use a microphone?
(A) When the presenter has a soft voice
(B) When the presenter is nervous
(C) When a presentation lasts longer than 30 minutes
(D) When a presentation is given to a large audience
2 Which is true of preparing to use a microphone?
(A) A person should lean over the microphone
(B) It is necessary to test the microphone system first
Trang 22(C) No early preparation is needed in most cases.
(D) Most people don’t like to use microphones
3 The word “potential” could best be replaced by which of the following?
(A) Researchers often have to present their findings to large groups
(B) Some tips can help improve your use of microphones
(C) The audio system should be tested before the presentation
(D) If it’s too loud, the volume can be lowered
(E) Microphones are very sensitive to sound
(F) Don’t stand too close to the microphone and be careful not to bump it
Trang 23III WRITING SKILL: Task 1 – Writing emails/ letters (informal)
3.1 Checklist:
Before you write an informal letter, ask yourself the following questions
1 Who are you writing to?
2 What do you want to tell/ ask your recipient? Why?
3 Is there anything you would like your recipient to do? If so, what is it?
3.2 Useful phrases and vocabulary for Informal Letters
Opening Remarks:
• How are you? I hope you are in the pink of health
• Thank you for your interesting letter
• I received your letter yesterday/ a few days ago
• What a surprise! It’s really good to hear from you
• How is everyone in the family? Well, I hope
• I am really glad to hear from you
• How are you? I am sorry I couldn’t write earlier
• This letter will probably come as a surprise to you
• What a pleasant surprise it was hear from you after such a long time
Extending Invitations:
• Would you like to join me on a trip to Pantai Remis?
• How about coming over to my place next weekend?
• I would like to invite you to my brother’s wedding that will take place on the 16th of August
• My friends and I are planning to go camping during the holidays Why don’t you come along?
• If you have not made any plans for the holidays, perhaps you would like to join us on a trip to Cameron Highlands
Responding to Invitations/ Accepting Invitations:
• I’d be glad to join you and your friends on the trip
• I’d love to come over to your house
• Thank you for your invitation I’d be glad to come to your birthday party
• Of course I would love to attend your brother’s weeding Thank you for inviting me
Declining Invitations:
• Thanks for your invitation However, I am sorry I will have to turn it down as I have already promise my father that I’d join him on a fishing trip
• Although I’d love to join you, I am sorry to say that I will not be able to make it
• I am sorry to inform you that I will not be able to attend your sister’s wedding
To express Appreciation/ Gratitude:
• Thank you for your advice
Trang 24• It was really thoughtful of you to help us in our time of need.
• How kind of you to think about us!
• I truly appreciate your kindness
To express thanking (thank you letter):
• Thank you so much for …
• I want to thank you for …
• I want to express my gratitude …
• I am grateful for …
• I deeply appreciate …
• I feel touched that you …
• Your gesture was extremely …
• Your gift was incredibly …
• Your thoughtfulness was truly …
To express Places of Interest:
• You may like to stop at …
• You may like to visit …
• You may be amazed by …
• You may be fascinated by …
• You may be interested in …
• It may interest you to know that …
• It may surprise you to discover that …
• You may like to drop by …
Keeping in Touch:
• How long has it been since …
• It has been ages since …
• I cannot believe we have not heard from each other since …
• I am sure you would be surprised to know that …
• You may be interested to know that …
• Can you recall the time when …
• Do you remember when …
Closing remarks:
• That will be all for now I shall write again when I have the time
• Please convey my warmest regards to your family
• Best wishes to you and your family
• Please give my love to Grandma
• Good luck in your coming examination
Trang 25• Do write soon.
• I hope to hear from you soon
• Do write again when you have the time
3 Practice
Task 1: Complete the 15 sentences with the words given below
Coffee shop Computer game Go for a drive Go for a walk Hang out
1 Every weekend, my sister and I go to a swimming pool near our home We love to ………
2 I don’t do anything special in my free time I just stay at home and ……… I like cookingshows
3 My cousin likes to ……… You can read her poems in our school newspaper
4 I have a new computer I like to ………
5 My favourite ……… is window shopping!
6 I like to ……….in my car
7 There’s a small ……… near our school
8 My friends and I just like to ……… together and chat We like spending time together
9 I study and I have a part-time job, so I’m usually very very busy In my free time I like to
………
10 Do you like to ………? I do I like to listen to classical, pop, and rap music Anything,really
11 I love to exercise and play sports I especially like to ……….with my friends
12 ……….s are a lot of fun! My brother and I always play them together I got the high scoretoday
13 My uncle likes to ……… pictures of animals and plants They’re really beautiful
14 I like to ……… news magazines
15 There’s a nice park in our neighbourhood My family and I like to ………there every evening
Task 2: Read the letter and underline all the connecting devices.
Trang 26Task 3: Make a list of activities, real or imaginary, that you plan to do this summer Try to think
of three for each of these topics.
a Travel
b Sports and hobbies
c Work and study
d Time with friends
Task 4: Make a paragraph plan Choose the most interesting of your ideas for each topic in Task
3 Then add notes to give more details of times, places, people, etc.
Task 5: Imagine you received a letter from an English-speaking friend, Chloe Read one part of the letter and use your plan in Task 4 to write a reply to her.
Anyway, that’s enough about me What are your plans for the
summer? Please write and tell me.
Best wishes, Chloe
Trang 27UNIT 3: WORKS AND JOBS
I VOCABULARY & FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE
1.1 Vocabulary
Task 1 Look at these different types of jobs Work with a partner to add some more.
Now, think about each of the above jobs What would you have to do every day if this wasyour job? The first two have been done for you as examples
Task 2: Verbs
Read the text in the box below and match the words in bold with their definitions underneath
1. To give up a job
Trang 282. To ask for a job, usually by writing a letter
3. To be removed from a job, usually because you have done something bad
4. Same as 1
5. To stop work and take a permission, usually when you are in the late middle age
6. To write in the empty spaces on a form
7. To be given a better job in the organization you work for
8. To be questioned by one or more people when you are applying for a job so that they candecide if you are suitable for that job
9. To travel to work from home each day, usually from one town to another
10.To be dismissed from your job for a time until more work is available
Task 3: Nouns
Read the text which follows and fill in the gaps with an appropriate word from the box below.
Qualifications Shortlist Pension Salesman
A computer company had a (1) for position of (2) , and decide toadvertise for a new (3) A lot of (4) with good (5) and (5) and (6) applied for the job, and after all the interviews had finished, thedirectors made a (7) of the best (8) , then invited them to come back foranother interview
The person who eventually got the job was very happy After all, he would receive an annual (9) of 25,000, with a 5% (10) twice a year, a 15% (11) for eachcomputer he managed to sell, excellent (12) such as private health insurance and acompany car, a company (13) to make sure he would be well-off when he retired, and thechance of (14) from salesman to sales (15) if he was successful All in all,his future (16) looked very good
1.2 Functional language: Contrast
Task 1: Fill in the blank with despite, in spite of, although or eventhough
1 we are a small company, we sell almost a hundred machines a month
2 all the difficulties, the project started on time and was a success
3 we were warned against doing so, we went ahead with the project
4 his lack of experience, he became a successful businessman
5 being by far the oldest player, he scored three goals
6 he’s a millionaire, he drives a second-hand car
7 it rained a lot, I enjoyed the holiday
8 working for the company for six months now, he never seems to know what to do
Trang 29II LISTENING SKILL: Skill B – Understanding details and facts
2.1 Short conversation: Understanding details and facts
a Necessary skills:
• Taking notes of major points and important details of a conversation
• Listening for signal expressions that identify the details, such as: for example, the reason is, onthe other hand, I would say
• Eliminating incorrect answer choices
• Identifying a statement that is not mentioned
b Example questions:
• According to the speaker, what is …?
• What does the speaker say about …?
• What does the man/ woman suggest/ advise/ want …?
• According to the speaker, why/ how/ where/ who/ how many …?
• What is the evidence/ example for …?
c Practice
Exercise 1: Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer for the following questions (Track 3.1)
1 What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A the woman’s dorm
B the campus bus service
C walking at night
D taking evening classes
2 How often does the shuttle bus run at night?
A On a ten-minute schedule
B On a fifteen-minute schedule
C About every half hour
D Once every hour
3 Where is the woman going?
1 What is the discussion mainly about?
A Why students are not doing well in the class
B How to download lecture notes from the internet
C The professor’s ideas about the class project
Trang 30Study tips suggested by
D What the student can do to prepare for class
2 What did the student want to do?
A She wanted to introduce herself to her professor
B She wanted help understanding the class material
C She needed to find out how to get a better grade
D She wanted to read a different book
3 According to the professor, what is true about his web page?
A It has lots of questions on it
B It will help her understand the textbook
C It has materials to help preparation
D It has some sample test questions on it
4 Fill in the blanks to complete the organizer
2.2 Long passages and lectures
a Strategies
• The answer to questions are generally found in order in the passage, so it is helpful to takenotes in order of what you hear
• Detailed questions do not require inference Choose what speakers actually say
• There are negative questions that ask which answer choice is NOT true
• Detail questions are about the information related to the following: new facts, descriptions,definitions of terms/ concepts/ ideas, reasons, results, examples
• Listen to the transitions that indicate emphasis, examples, cause and effects, etc
• Incorrect choices may repeat some of the speaker’s words but do not reflect information youhave heard
b Practice
Trang 31Exercise 1: Listen and choose the best answer (Track 3.3)
1 What is the lecture mainly about?
A How to organize an essay
B How to submit an essay
C Using the computer to write an essay
D Tips for effective essay writing
2 According to the professor, what is included in the first step in writing?
4 Listen again to part of the talk Then answer the questions
What does the speaker mean when he says this: ?
A The essay should be understandable to others
B The essay should be perfect
C The essay should be typed
D The essay should be written by hand first
Exercise 2: Listen and choose the best answer (Track 3.4)
1 What does the professor say about the elements in the body?
A Ideally, there should be different amounts of each
B The amount of each in the body is not very important
C They can be out of balance
D Different people have different elements
2 According to the professor, what are yin and yang?
A They are opposite forces
B They are what make a person healthy
C They are our different elements
D They are the land and the ocean
3 What does the professor say about yin and yang?
A They are always in balance
B They are always changing
C They don’t need to be in balance
Trang 32D They compete with each other.
4 Listen again to part of the lecture Then answer the questions Why does the professor say this: ?
A To correct something she said earlier
B To explain a term she just introduced
C To explain what is wrong with a particular theory
D To remind the students of something discussed earlier
Trang 33III SPEAKING SKILL: Part 2 – Solution discussion
Task 1: Ask and answer these questions
1 Do you work or study?
2 What do you study?
3 Do you enjoy your study?
4 What is your typical day like?
5 What is the most difficult part of your study?
6 Do you study English?
7 What are the advantages and disadvantages of studying English?
8 What is the most difficult part of learning English?
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS TO EXPRESS YOUR OPINION
● My view / opinion / belief / impression is that
● I would say that
● It seems to me that
● I have no doubt that
● I am sure / I am certain that
● I think / consider / find / feel / believe / suppose that
Task 2: A friend asked you to give him/ her some advice to help him/ her learning English better There are three options to be considered: learning at a language centre, learning with friends and self-studying What do you think is the best choice for him/ her?
a Work in groups to make notes about each of the three options’ advantages and disadvantages
b Choose the best option and explain your choice to your partner
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING
• Words and short phrases used to compare: like, likewise, same as, as well as, also, too, …
Ex: You can’t buy everything you want, likewise, you don’t have enough time to do
everything you want to do
• Words and short phrases used to contrast: unlike, in contrast to, as opposed to, differentfrom, whereas,…
Ex: Unlike time or money, desire is an unlimited resource
• As…as…, Comparative and Superlative
It isn’t as easy as you think
Employment issues are more important than political problems
Dedication is the most important factor in success at university
• Conjunctions and Connectors: Though, although, even though, however, nonetheless,despite, in spite of,
Ex: Despite the difficulty, students will soon see the benefit of this topic of study
Trang 35UNIT 4: CITIES AND TOWNS
I VOCABULARY & FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE
1.1 Vocabulary
Task 1: Match the words with suitable number
Task 2: Read what Tom says about his home city, Bradford, and fill in the chart
Trang 361.2 Functional language: Paraphrasing
a Six tips for paraphrasing:
1 using synonyms
2 not changing all words
3 avoiding mistakes
4 changing word forms
5 changing sentence structure
b Practice
Task 1: Look at the example and paraphrase the following sentences.
Ex: The reasons for increasing levels of pollution are the development of industry and air travel
The causes of rising levels of pollution are the growth and expansion of industry as well as the number of people travelling by air.
1 Many people are unhealthy because they fail to eat well and exercise
2 Many countries aim to improve their living standard by economic development, but some importantsocial values are lost as a result
Trang 373 In many countries, people are moving away from rural areas and towards urban areas.
4 With the development of modern society is the loss of traditional ways of life
5 The population of most cities is growing as people move to cities to find work and new
opportunities
II READING SKILL: Skill B – Identifying topics and paraphrasing
2.1 Skimming for topics/ main ideas
a Necessary skills:
• Read the first line of each paragraph
• Look for a common theme or idea in the first lines
• Pass your eyes quickly over the rest of the passage to check that you have really found thetopic sentence
• Eliminate any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remainingchoices
b Common questions:
• Which of the following would be the best title for this article?
• What is the main idea of paragraph …?
c Practice
Exercise 1: Read the text and choose the best answer
One identifying characteristic of minerals is their relative hardness, which can be determined
by scratching one mineral with another In this type of test, a harder mineral can scratch a softerone, but a softer mineral is unable to scratch the harder one The Mohs' hardness scale is used torank minerals according to hardness Ten minerals are listed in this scale, ranging from talc with
a hardness of 1 to diamond with a hardness of 10 On this scale, quartz (number 7) is harder thanfeldspar (number 6) and is therefore able to scratch it; however, feldspar is unable to make a mark
on quartz
1 Which of the following best states the subject of this passage?
A The hardness of diamonds
B Identifying minerals by means of a scratch test
C Feldspar on the Mohs' scale
D Recognizing minerals in their natural state
2 The main idea of this passage is that …
A the hardness of a mineral can be determined by its ability to make a mark on other minerals
B diamonds, with a hardness of 10 on the Mohs' scale, can scratch all other minerals
C a softer mineral cannot be scratched by a harder mineral
D talc is the first mineral listed on the Mohs' scale
Exercise 2: Read the text and choose the best answer
Trang 38Hurricanes generally occur in the North Atlantic from May through November, with thepeak of the hurricane season in September; only rarely will they occur from December throughApril in that part of the ocean The main reason for the occurrence of hurricanes during this period
is that the temperature on the water's surface is at its warmest and the humidity of the air is at itshighest
Of the tropical storms that occur each year in the North Atlantic, only about five, on theaverage are powerful enough to be called hurricanes To be classified as a hurricane, a tropical stormmust have winds reaching speeds of at least 117 kilometers per hour, but the winds are often muchthan that; the winds of intense hurricanes can easily surpass 240 kilometers per hour
1 The passage mainly discusses …
A How many hurricanes occur each year
B The strength of hurricanes
C The weather in the North Atlantic
D Hurricanes in one part of the world
2 The best title for this passage would be …
A The North Atlantic Ocean
B Storms of the Northern Atlantic
C Hurricanes: The Damage and Destruction
D What happens from May through November
Exercise 3: You are going to read an article about fashions shows Choose the most suitable heading for each part of the article by circling A, B, C or D.
FASHION SHOWS
Putting on a fashion show is not as glamorous as it looks - Sharon Stansfield finds out whatthe stress is all about
(0) - The shows – Milan, London and Paris – are over for another season Fashion journalists
can put down their notebooks with a sign of relief, and buyers can return to their offices For thedesigners, there is hardly time to congratulate themselves or lick their wounds before the wholebusiness starts all over again In just four months they must have their next collection of clothes readyfor the March shows
(1) - Over the next few months, designers and their creative teams will work together to create
a spectacle that will hopefully fire the imagination of the fashion journalists and wake up the buyers Ifthe show's a failure and no-one wants to buy, the designer could be out of work There's more thanmodels' bad moods to worry about-show-time is nerve-racking for everyone involved, from thedesigners to the wardrobe people
(2) – Designer Paul Frith describes the nightmare of working on a show “It can be pure
madness backstage That’s the only time I ever wonder why I’m doing it It just becomes chaos
Trang 39There’s just so much to think about I spend the whole time in a state of high anxiety But when it’sfinished, I just can’t wait for the next one The shows are the reason I do what I do and I get a realthrill out of them.
(3) - Paul Frith's last collection was well received But after taking a short break, it was not
long before he began to think about his next collection Designers work a year ahead, so right nowthey will be working on collections that will be in the shops this time next year However, inspiration
is not a thing that can be turned on and off whenever you like, and though designers work to tightschedules, Paul Frith explains how creativity can't be timetabled to suit "All of a sudden I get thisfeeling in my head, then I sit down and sketch and it just pours out of me"
(4) - Once the designs are on paper and the designer has chosen the fabrics he or she wants to
work with, the sample collection for the shows can be produced This is carried out by the design teamunder the designer's supervision Firstly, the cutter makes an initial pattern of the garment from thedesigner's sketch Then a model is made, which is then altered by the designer until it is exactly howthey want it Finally, the perfect patterns are passed over to a machinist
(5) - While the garments are being made, the designer starts to work with a stylist Together
they decide on how the collection is going to be presented at the shows This involves deciding whathats, bags, belts, etc should be used, and the hiring of the creative team-choreographer, producer, hairstylist and make-up artist The more money a designer has available, the more experts he or she canemploy to create a successful show
(6) - About a month before the show is due to take place, the stylist will begin to visit
modeling agencies Getting models with the right look is extremely difficult if the budget is tight.Fashion shows have a reputation for being badly paid, and often models chosen for a show will dropout at the last moment if they get a better paid job, like an advert However, a show that gets a lot ofpress coverage can make a new model's name
(7) – When things aren’t certain even up to the last minute, it’s no wonder there’s an
atmosphere of panic backstage While the designer may be wondering why he she didn’t take uppainting instead of fashion, it is up to the stylist to remain calm and in command As head of thecreative team, the stylist must make sure that everyone knows exactly what they’re doing There isonly one run-through before the real thing and this is when the stylist has to get everyone organized.Whether the show is a triumph or a disaster depends on that
1 What is the most suitable heading for paragraph 1?
A Everything depends on the show
B Keeping things under control
C Who’s going to wear the clothes?
D Disappointments to overcome
2 What is the most suitable heading for paragraph 2?
A No time off for designers
B Having new ideas
Trang 40C It’s worth all the stress
D Making the clothes
3 What is the most suitable heading for paragraph 3?
A Making it all look attractive
B No time off for designers
C Disappointments to overcome
D Having new ideas
4 What is the most suitable heading for paragraph 4?
A Who’s going to wear the clothes?
B Making the clothes
C Keeping things under control
D Disappointments to overcome
5 What is the most suitable heading for paragraph 5?
A Having new ideas
B Making it all look attractive
C Keeping things under control
D No time off for designers
2.2 Identifying paraphrasing
a Necessary skills:
• Understand the original sentence accurately
• Read around the original sentence for clear understanding The sentences before or after theoriginal sentence often contain key words or phrases that the original sentence refers to
• Identify a paraphrase that most accurately restate the key information in the original sentence
o Recognize different sentence structures that keep the meaning of the original sentence
o Recognize different vocabulary words that keep the meaning of the original sentence
b Common questions:
• Which of the following best states the essential information in the highlighted sentence in thepassage?
• In the 1st paragraph, what best paraphrases the sentence …?
• In paragraph …, what does the writer mean by saying,….?