vocab lesson 2

aid noun that helps Example ADJ + emergency + humanitarian + cash, development, economic, financial, food, legal, medical, military, relief + federal, government, state + bilateral, e

acquisition noun Thing you have

obtained

Act of obtaining

ADJ latest, new, recent data, language, property

Language acquisition begins

in the first months of a baby's life

V + ACQUISITION complete, make The company has just made

another acquisition

2 Adjust – adjusted – adjusting – adjustment – adjustments – adjusts – readjust – readjusted – readjusting – readjustment – readjustments – readjusts

adjustable adj

ADV fully The straps are fully adjustable to fit any size

adjust verb

change sth slightly

new situation

Example

ADV

+ slightly + finely + automatically + carefully + accordingly + downwards, upwards

+ It is important to have equipment that can be

finely adjusted

+ Children are sensitive

to disapproval and adjust their behaviour

accordingly

+ This estimate may have to be adjusted

downwards

+ quickly, rapidly + gradually, slowly

PREP for Salaries are adjusted

+ She will gradually

adjust to her new

role

V+ ADJUST

+ be difficult + be hard to + need + take time to + try to

+ It may take a little

time to adjust to the

climate here

adjustment noun

small change made

ADJ

+ delicate, fine, minor, slight, small + important, major, significant + appropriate, necessary + automatic + financial

+ successful

+ emotional, personal, social

V + ADJUSTMENT

+ make + need, require

+ The mechanic

made the necessary adjustments to the

engine

PREP

+ for + in + to

+ a cut of 1.5% in real terms (after

adjustment for

inflation)

+ adjustments in

the exchange rates + a few minor

adjustments to the

timetable

+ to

+ The company's

adjustment to the new

markets has been successful

PRASES

+ a period of adjustment + the process of adjustment

+ There was a long

period of adjustment

under the new boss

+ The process of adjustment to life in

another country can be very difficult

3 Affect – affected – affecting – affective – affectively – affects – unaffected - affection

affect verb

Make somebody sad/angry

Example

ADV

+ greatly, materially, radically, significantly, very much + barely, hardly, not unduly -không quá mức

+ slightly + clearly + directly + indirectly + adversely, badly, seriously, severely

+ Sales did not seem

unduly affected

+ deeply, profoundly

Her death affected him deeply

V+ AFFECT + be likely to

developments that are

likely to affect the

environment

unaffected adj

V + appear, be, seem

+ remain

ADV

+ altogether, completely, entirely, quite, totally, wholly

+ almost, virtually + largely

+ comparatively, relatively + apparently, seemingly

She was seemingly unaffected by

his presence

this experience

affection noun

ADJ

+ deep, genuine, great, real, special, strong, warm

+ mutual

V + AFFECTION

+ feel, have, hold sb

in, retain + display, express, give sb, show (sb) + get, receive + crave, neead, want

+ gain, win + alienate

+ He was held in great affection by hundreds of students + He just wants a bit of affection

+ She had tried hard to win his affection

PREP

+ with + for + to/towards

+ He'll be remembered with genuine affection

+ I have a deep affection for his mother

+ The teacher showed affection towards all her pupils

PHRASES

+ a display of affection + a feeling of affection + love and affection + the object of sb's affections

+ a sign of affection,

a show of affection

+ I don't go in for public displays of affection

+ a strong feeling of affection + I yearn for the love and affection I once had

+ The object of his affections was a young opera singer

4 Afraid - aide – aid – bridesmaid – first aid – maid – paid – raid- staid - unpaid

afraid adj

V

+ be, feel, look, seem + become, grow + make sb

+ What has made you so deeply afraid

of your boss?

ADV

+ deeply, desperately, extremely, horribly, mortally, really, terribly, very

+ a bit, half, a little, rather, slightly + almost

+ just, simply + genuinely + physically + suddenly

+ She was tense, almost afraid to

open the letter

+ He was half afraid to look at her

+ You do know, don't you? You are

just afraid to tell me

+ He stopped abruptly, suddenly

afraid to say the words out loud

PREP + for

+ of

+ Roger was very afraid for her

+ Charlie is afraid of marriage

PHRASES nothing to be afraid of Don't worry There's nothing to be

afraid of

aid noun

that helps

Example

ADJ

+ emergency

+ humanitarian

+ cash,

development,

economic, financial,

food, legal, medical,

military, relief

+ federal,

government, state

+ bilateral, external,

foreign,

international,

overseas

+ Legal aid (=

government money for legal

advice) is a fundamental part of our system of justice

+ The country

foreign aid

+ effective, essential, excellent, important, useful, valuable

+ classroom, teaching, training + audio-visual, computer, visual

+ hearing, walking + memory + buoyancy (nổi)

PREP

+ In, of + with/without the

+ collecting

money in aid

of charity

+ She is now able to walk

with the aid

of a stick

To

+ essential

aids to

learning

V+ AID

+ appeal for, call for

+ extend, give (sb),

grant (sb), provide

(sb with), send (sb)

+ get, receive |

depend on, rely on

+ promise

+ cut (off), suspend,

withdraw, withhold

+ The country's president has

appealed for

international aid

in the wake of the disaster

+ The British government has

now suspended

humanitarian

aid to the area

+ ask for, enlist + come/ go to sb's (= to help

someone)

+ We enlisted

the aid of John and his family

screamed loudly and two

people came

to her aid

AID + N

+ agency, worker

+ budget, package,

programme

+ a $14 million

aid package

aide noun

Example

ADJ

+ close, trusted + senior, top + junior + personal, presidential, royal

one of the prime minister's closest

aides

PREP To He served as an aide to the former

president

V+ AFFECT act as, serve as, work as

Bridesmaid noun

Example

V+ BRIDESMAID toast

The bridegroom asked the guests to stand and then toasted the

bridesmaids

first aid noun

Example

V+ FIRST AID

+ administer, give + receive

+ be trained in

+ While one of you gives first aid, the other should call an

ambulance

+ At least one member of staff should be trained in first aid

FIRST AID + N

+ box, kit, manual + course

+ post

+ Medics were bringing casualties to the first-aid post

maid noun

Example

ADJ

+ dairy, kennel, kitchen, laundry, parlour, scullery + lady's, personal + daily

+ They had a daily maid, but no live-in servants

paid adj

Example

ADV + highly, well

+ badly, poorly

+ a well-paid job + poorly paid workers

staid adj

Example

V + be, feel, look, seem

+ become, get, grow + He had grown staid and dull

ADV + positively, very

+ rather

+ The locals were a very staid lot

+ a rather staid and old-fashioned hotel

unpaid adj

Example

V

+ be + remain + leave sth

+ customers who leave their bills unpaid till the last minute

ADV + virtually + the virtually unpaid labour of large peasant families

raid noun

Robbery from a building

Example

Surprise visit by police

Example

ADJ

+ daring

+ destructive, heavy,

major

+ punitive,

retaliatory, revenge

+ dawn, daylight,

night

+ border,

cross-border

+ air, bombing

+ commando,

guerrilla

+ táo bạo + phá hoại, nặng, chủ yếu + trừng phạt, trả đũa, trả thù + bình minh, ánh sáng ban ngày, đêm + biên giới, qua biên giới + không khí, đánh bom + commando,

du kích

+ bank, post office, shop + armed, smash-and-grab + dawn, daylight, night + daring

+ dawn, early morning

+ police

+ drug/drugs

PREP

+ during/in a/the

+ on a/the

+ against

+ by

+ on

+ Five civilians

died in the

raid

+ He led his

men on a cross-border raid

+ The raids

against Norway

continued

+ The town suffered several

raids by

Vikings

+ air raids on

Liverpool

+ during/in a/the

+ on

+ The jewels

stolen in the

raid

+ She was shot during an

armed raid on

a security van

+ during a/the

+ in a/the

+ by

+ on

+ He was

injured during

a police raid

nightclub + The drugs

seized in last

night's raid

+ A raid by

drugs squad detectives

+ Raids on

Catholic areas

of the city

V+ RAID

+ carry out, conduct,

make

+ launch, mount,

stage

+ lead sb in

+ suffer

+ bombers

carrying out

daylight raids

over northern France

+ plan + carry out + foil

Two customers

have foiled a

smash-and-grab raid on a

local shop

+ carry out, launch, stage

staged an early

morning raid

premises

5 Allocate – allocates – allocation

allocate verb

Example

V

+ for + to

+ More money should be allocated for famine relief

+ More funds will now be allocated to charitable organizations

ADV + efficiently

+ randomly Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently

allocation noun Process of

giving sth out

ADJ

+ efficient, inefficient + random + budget, grant + housing, land, resource, time

+ big, generous, large + modest + total

V+ ALLOCATION + make

+ The allocation must

be made according to a

strict set of criteria

+ give + get, receive + increase, up + cut, reduce

+ The school gave

them a generous

allocation of money

purchase books

+ The charity is trying

to get its allocation

upped for next year

6 Alter – alteration – alterative - falter

alteration noun

Example

ADJ

+ dramatic, extensive, fundamental, major, material, radical,

significant, substantial + minor, slight, small, subtle

V +ALTERATION + make

+ need, require + The leaflets require no alteration from year to year

PREP + in

+ to

+ There will be no alteration in corporation tax

+ We will have to make a slight alteration to the plans

alternative noun

Example

ADJ

+ attractive, constructive, effective, good, radical, useful + acceptable, available, credible - đáng tin cậy, possible, practical, real, realistic, reasonable, satisfactory, serious, suitable, viable

+ clear, obvious + cheap, healthy, interesting, safe

+ Is there a viable alternative to prison?

+ a healthier alternative to fizzy drinks

V +ALTERATIVE

+ have + offer, provide + seek

+ find

+ We have two alternatives

+ His idea seemed to offer a possible alternative + seeking alternatives to nuclear power

+ We'll have to find an alternative

PREP + for

+ to

+ There is no alternative for those with no car of

their own

+ Is there an alternative to surgery for this

complaint?

PHRASES

+ have little/no alternative (but to)

+ leave sb with no alternative (but to)

+ She had no alternative but to do as he said

+ He was left with no alternative but to hobble to

the nearest telephone box

alter verb

Example

ADV

+ considerably, dramatically, drastically, fundamentally, greatly, radically, significantly, substantially + slightly

+ He had not altered greatly in the last ten years

PHRASES not alter the fact

that

Unemployment has come down slightly but this does not alter the

fact that it is still a major problem

falter verb

Example

ADV + slightly

+ never + His courage never faltered

V+ FALTER begin to The economy is beginning to falter

7 Advocate

advocate noun

Somebody who support sth

ADJ

+ ardent, enthusiastic, firm, great, outspoken, powerful, staunch + chief, leading, main, principal

thẳng thắn, mạnh mẽ, kiên cường

+ She's a staunch

advocate of free trade defence

PHRASES

PREP

+ for + of

+ He is one of the

leading advocates for a

more modern style of worship

+ an advocate of

pacifism

advocate verb

Example

ADV + seriously,

strongly + Heart specialists strongly advocate low-cholesterol diets

PHRASES + be widely

advocated + These policies have been widely advocated

8 Ambitious – ambiguity -

ambiguous adj

Example

ADV

+ highly, very + rather, slightly, somewhat + deliberately, intentionally

+ cố tình, cố ý

+ I suspected that he was being deliberately ambiguous

V

+ be + remain + make sth, render sth

+ The paragraph is rendered ambiguous by the writer's

careless use of pronouns

ambiguity noun

Example

ADJ + possible, potential

+ moral, sexual

QUANT degree, element + There is a degree of ambiguity in this statement

V + AMBIGUITY

+ lead to + avoid + reduce + remove, resolve (loại

bỏ, giải quyết)

+ Incorrect choice of words leads to ambiguity for the

reader

+ The document has been carefully written to avoid

ambiguity

+ They had to change some of the wording in the document

to resolve the ambiguity

AMBIGUITY + V arise, occur + Ambiguity arises when students' spoken English is very

limited

PREP + about

+ in

+ There will always be some ambiguity about what actually

happened

+ There was some ambiguity in what he said

PHRASES a source of ambiguity

9 Analyse

Example

ADV

+ carefully, critically, fully, in depth/detail, painstakingly, scientifically, systematically

+ The results must be analysed in detail

V + ANALYSE

+ attempt to, try to + be difficult to, be impossible to + be possible to

+ The precise reasons for the disaster are difficult to

analyse

10 Anticipate

anticipate verb

Example

PHRASE

+ be eagerly/keenly anticipated

+ be widely anticipated

+ one of the most eagerly anticipated arts events of the

year

+ It is widely anticipated that she will resign

anticipation noun

Example

ADJ

+ great, keen + eager, excited, happy, pleasurable + growing

+ We look forward to your lecture with eager anticipation

a feeling of pleasurable anticipation

+ There is growing anticipation that the prime minister will

have to resign

V + ANTICIPATION be full of + We are full of anticipation, and can't wait to visit you

PREP + in

+ of

+ People are buying extra groceries in anticipation of

heavy snowstorms

PHRASES

+ a feeling/sense of anticipation, a shiver/thrill of anticipation (hồi hộp)

+ The unexpected news sent a thrill of anticipation

through the group

11 Amend – amendment -

amendment noun

Example

ADJ

+ important, major, significant

+ minor, slight, small + draft, proposed + detailed + constitutional

+ A major amendment was introduced into the

legislation

V+ AMENDMENT

+ introduce, make + draft

+ move, propose, put forward, suggest, table + withdraw

+ accept, adopt, approve, carry, pass, ratify, support, vote for (Chấp nhận, thông qua, phê duyệt, thực hiện, thông qua, phê chuẩn,

hỗ trợ, bình chọn ) + oppose, reject (phản đối, từ chối)

+ be subject to ( chống lạI)

+ The committee does not adequately consult others when

drafting amendments

+ He moved an amendment limiting capital punishment

to certain very serious crimes

+ She withdrew her amendment and left the meeting + Parliament accepted the amendment and the bill was

passed On a free vote, the amendment was carried by

292 votes to 246

+ The programme is subject to amendment

PREP + without

+ to

+ The new clause was accepted without amendment + an amendment to the Clean Water Act