Writing – Week 1 Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.. It came Exercise 2: For each of the s
Trang 1SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (ADVANCED)
1 Can you understand what this paper means? sense
=> Can you ……make sense of…… this paper?
2 It wasn’t necessary to meet me at the airport yesterday needn’t
=> You ……needn’t have met… me at the airport yesterday.
3 It was unkind of you to talk to her like that not
=> You …should not have talked… to her like that.
4 I saw the film although I strongly dislike thrillers spite
=> I saw the film in …spite of my strong dislike… of thrillers.
5 It’s not possible to play tennis because of the rain makes
=> The rain …makes it impossible… to play tennis.
6 I’ve never tasted such good food before ever
=> It is the …best food I’ve ever… tasted.
7 Do your parents allow you to watch TV late at night? let
=> Do your parents …let you watch… TV late at night?
8 “Did you write a note for Anna?” I asked my mother she
=> I asked my mother …whether/if she had written… a note for Anna.
9 He gave me the money first, and then he left after
=> He left ……after he had given me/after giving me… the money.
10 I don’t find it difficult to get up early any more used
=> I …am used to getting… up early.
11 He really likes correcting her English pleasure
=> He …takes pleasure in… correcting her English.
12 It’s not necessary to take a lot of luggage when going on holiday much
=> You don’t need much/ needn’t take much/ don’t have to take much luggage when going
on holiday.
13 Perhaps he hasn’t received the doctor’s results yet may
=> He …may not have received… the doctor’s results yet.
14 All I want you to do is to look after my dog care
=> All I want you to do is to …take care of… my dog.
15 She was not certain about the trip decide
=> She …could not decide… about the trip.
16 He locked the gate so that the dog wouldn’t escape prevent
=> He locked the gate …to prevent the dog (from)… escaping.
17 They did not like to pay extra taxes objected
=> They …objected to paying… extra taxes.
18 The day was so nice that we went on a picnic such
=> It was …such a nice day… that we went on a picnic.
19 The only person I didn’t see was Jane except
=> I …saw everyone except… Jane.
20 She decided to visit her friend and tell her the news drop
=> She decided to …drop in on… her friend and tell her the news.
=> We have to …cut down on… our expenses.
22. “Can you please explain this to me?” she asked the teacher if
=> She asked the teacher …if she could explain that… to her.
=> He …may be working… late.
24. Nobody ever told me about it never
=> I …was never told… about it.
Trang 225. “I’ll pick him up from the airport,” she said offered
=> She …offered to pick him up… from the airport.
26. I was so shocked that I couldn’t react wasn’t
=> I …wasn’t calm enough to… react.
27. People say Greek is a difficult language to learn said
=> Greek …is said to be a… difficult language to learn.
28. The police have investigated the crime by
=> The crime …has been investigated by… the police.
29. Without your help, I would never have managed you
=> If …you hadn`t helped me…, I would never have managed.
30. The manager made the employees stay late made
=> The employees …were made to stay late… by the manager.
31 He knows everything about flowers expert
=> He …is an expert on… flowers.
32 If you are not old enough you cannot watch certain films age
=> If you …are under age… you cannot watch certain films.
33 I regret that I gave him the money lent
=> If only …I hadn’t lent… him the money.
34 It was such a boring movie that we left so
=> The movie …was so boring… that we left.
35 People say that the pyramids are worth visiting supposed
=> The pyramids …are supposed to be… worth visiting.
36 John cannot possibly borrow the car tonight question
=> It’s …out of the question… for John to borrow the car tonight.
37 Could I continue what I was doing? get
=> Could I …get on with… what I was doing?
38 Mary is slower at doing things than Jill fast
=> Mary is …not as fast as… Jill at doing things.
39 I can’t make up my mind about the colour decide
=> I …cannot decide on… the colour.
40 There are times when you have to do things by yourself own
=> There are times when you have to do things …on your own…
41. You were late, so you missed the match wouldn’t
=> If you hadn’t …been late you wouldn’t have… missed the match.
42. I am sorry I forgot your birthday wish
=> I …wish I hadn’t forgotten… your birthday.
43. The burglar managed to escape without punishment get
=> The burglar managed to …get away without… punishment.
44. He failed the test because he did not study enough attributed
=> His failure in the test …was attributed to his… not studying enough.
45. I wonder if you can lend me something to wear tonight mind
=> Would …you mind lending me… something to wear tonight?
=> We can’t …make a decision about… where to go on holidays.
47. Can you take me to the station by car? give
=> Can you …give me a lift… to the station?
48. You will miss the bus if you don’t hurry up unless
=> You will miss the bus …unless you hurry up…
49. It is likely that they have already left may
=> They …may have already… left.
Trang 350. How much is the bus fare from London to Cambridge? cost
=> How much …does it cost to go/travel… from London to Cambridge by bus?
51 Sally has not come to school because she has been sick absent
=> Sally …has been absent from … school because she has been sick.
52 It is often difficult to find an answer to a problem solution
=> Finding …a solution to… a problem is often difficult.
53 I was lucky you let me stay with you for the night put
=> I was lucky you …put me up… for the night.
54 I advised him to stop smoking suggested
=> I …suggested (that) he… stop smoking.
55 They are going to do up my room have
=> I’m going to …have my room… decorated.
56 Jane doesn’t often see Mike seldom
=> Jane …seldom sees… Mike.
57 I can understand this quite well easy
=> It’s …easy for me to… understand this.
58 My mother doesn’t like us to stay out late approve
=> My mother doesn’t …approve of us/our staying… out late.
59 Mary is employed by IBM, isn’t she? works
=> Mary …works for IBM, doesn’t… she?
60 They could not understand what she said difficulty
=> They …had difficulty in understanding… what she said.
=> We have …run out of… sugar.
62 ‘New World’ Advertising is considering your application is
=> Your application …is being considered by… ’New World’ Advertising.
63 The shelf was so high that he couldn’t reach it enough
=> The shelf was not …low enough for him to… reach.
64 I’ve never seen such a bad film ever
=> It’s the …worst film I have ever… seen.
=> He …warned me not to… open it.
66 She has never told me lies before first
=> It’s …the first time she has… told me lies.
67 “I didn’t start the fire!” he said denied
=> He …denied that he had started/ starting/ having started… the fire.
68 Study hard because you may write a test tomorrow case
=> Study hard …in case you write… a test tomorrow.
69 I’m sure he took the cheque-book with him must
=> He …must have taken… the cheque-book with him.
70 What a pity! don’t know how to dance wish
=> I …wish I knew… how to dance.
71 We would rather stop than continue in this manner prefer
=> We …‘d prefer to stop… than to continue in this manner.
72 Mother told Tom that he had to go to bed early must
=> ‘You to …must go… bed early,’ Mother told Tom.
73 I last saw her at the end of May since
=> I …haven’t seen her since… the end of May.
74 I’ll never be able to persuade her to agree with the idea bring
=> I’ll never …bring her round… to the idea.
Trang 475 She could not understand how they were related connection
=> She could not understand …their connection… to her.
76 I don’t think I can afford to buy this dress have
=> I don’t think I …have enough… money to buy this dress.
77 He is helping his mother so that they can finish quickly order
=> He is helping his mother …in order to finish… quickly.
78 I found my old diary by chance came
=> I …came across… my old diary by chance.
79 He was very rude when he spoke to the old man politely
=> He …did not speak politely to… the old man.
80 She caught the early bus so that she would not be late for work avoid
=> She caught the early bus …to avoid being… late for work.
81 The football match was postponed due to the rain put
=> The football match was …put off… due to the rain.
82 There was no one here except John apart
=> There was no one here …apart from… John.
83 You will have to pay at least £500 to get that watch impossible
=> You’ll find it …impossible to get/buy… that watch for less than £500.
84 I don’t want to eat this now rather
=> I …’d rather not… eat this now.
85 ‘Shall I turn on the light?’ Sue asked Jill wanted
=> Sue asked Jill …if/whether she wanted… the light turned on.
86 Mother walked in quietly so as to avoid waking the baby order
=> Mother walked in quietly …in order not to wake… the baby.
87 It’s possible that she didn’t understand what I had said might
=> She …might not have understood… what I had said.
88 I couldn’t concentrate fully because of the loud music difficult
=> The loud music …made it difficult to concentrate… fully.
89 The tea is too hot to drink enough
=> The tea … isn’t cool/cold enough… to drink.
90 She is certain to have heard about it on the news must
=> She …must have heard… about it on the news.
Writing – Week 1
Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
Example: I expect that he will get there by lunch time
Answer: I expect him to get there by lunch time
a) We couldn't have managed without my father's money
If it
b) I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back
Hardly
c) It was Walter Raleigh who introduced potatoes and tobacco into England
The English owe
Trang 5d) “If my members agree to that I'll be very surprised.” said the union delegate.
The union delegate observed that
e) White I strongly disapprove of your behavior, I will help you this time
Despite my
f) I'm sorry I missed Professor Baker's lecture
I'm sorry not
g) We may not be able to give the concert
The concert
h) I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test
It came
Exercise 2: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible
in meaning to the original sentences, but using the words given in block letters The word must not be altered in any way.
Example: Jonh inllated the typres of his bicycle
BLEW
Answer: John blew up the typres of his bicycle
a) We'd better leave them a note, because it's possible they'll arrive later
CASE
b) Before he came here he worked for Mr Smith
PREVIOUS
c) He speaks German extremely well
COMMAND
d) His criticisms are quite unfair
JUSTIFICATION
e) I can't understand why they are reluctant to sign the contract
BAFFLED
f) I always find chess problems like that quite impossible
DEFEAT
g) This must be kept secret
KNOW
h) I can't afford a new dress; that old blue one will have to do
MAKE
Đáp án
Trang 6Exercise 1
a) If it hadn't been for my father's money, we couldn't have managed
b) Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back
c) The English owe ( the introduction of ) potatoes and tobacco to Walter Raleigh
To owe sb for st = to owe st to sb
d) The union delegate observed that he would be very surpised if his members agreed
e) Despite my strong disapproval of your behavior, I will help you this time
f) I'm sorry not to have heard/ attended Profressor Baker's letter
g) The concert may have to be cancelled
h) It came as no surprise ( to me ) that Harry had failed his driving test
Exercise 2
a) We'd better leave them a note in case they arrive later
b) Before he came here, his previous boss/ employer was Mr Smith
c) He has an excellent command of German
To have a good command of st = to grasp = to master
d) There is no justification for his criticisms
e) I am baffled by their reluctance to sign the contract
Baffled = to be difficult to understand
f) Chess problems like that ( always ) defeat me
g) You mustn't let anyone ( else ) know ( this )
h) I can't afford a new dress; I'll (have to) make do with that old blue one
Make do with = to manage with sth that is not adequate or satisfactory
Writing – Week 2
Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
Example: I expect that he will get there by lunch time
Answer: I expect him to get there by lunch time
a) I only recognised him when he came into the light
Not until
b) That rumour about the politician and the construction contract is absolutely false
There is
c) One runner was too exhausted to complete the last lap of the race
One runner was so
d) My mother was the most warm-hearted person I've ever known
I've
e) They never made us do anything we didn't want to do
We
f) The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of th Prime Minister
Had it not
g) It is quite pointless to complain
There's no
Exercise 2: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible
in meaning to the original sentences, but using the words given in block letters The word must not be altered in any way.
a) You can't possibly expect me to have supper ready by 8 o'clock
QUESTION
Trang 7b) It is my opinion that there is not advantage in further discussion.
SEE
c) Please excuse Jane's poor typing; she's only been learning for a month
ALLOWANCES
d) There is no way that young man can achieve success in this test
BOUND
e) Although the dog appeared harmless, it was, in fact, quite dangerous
CONTRARY
f) If Smith hadn't broken his leg, he would have played football for England
REPRESENTED
g) This hotel is inaccessible in winter
POSSIBLE
h) As far as I know he is still working in Bristol
KNOWLEDGE
Đáp án
Exercise 1
a) Not until he came into the light did I recognise him
b) There is ( absolutely ) no truth in that rumour about the politician and the construction contract c) One runner was so exhausted ( that ) he couldn't/ was unable to complete the last lap of the race
d) I've never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother ( was )
e) We were never made to do anything we didn't want to
f) Had it not been for the death of the Prime Minister the bill would have been passed
g) There's no point in complaining
Exercise 2
a) There is no question of supper being ready by 8 o'clock
b) As fae as I can see, there is no advantage in further disscussion
c) Please make allowances for Jane's poor typing; she's only been learning for a month
d) That young man is bound to fail in this test
e) Contrary to ( its ) ( harmless ) appearance, the dog was, in fact, quite dangerous
f) If Smith hadn't broken his leg, he would have represented England
g) It's not possible to get to/ to reach this hotel in winter
h) To ( the best of ) my knowledge, he is still working in Britol
Exercise 3: Guided sentence building – Week 2
Make all the changes and additions necessary to produce complete sentences from the following sets of words and phrases Note carefully from the example what kind of
alterations need to be made Write each sentence in space provided.
Example: Andrea / get along very well / new job.//
Answer: Andrea is getting along very well in her new job
a) New machinery / put in / this year / with a view / increase output.//
b) Ragards / your application / regret to infrom / vacancy / already / fill.//
c) Regard / complaints / afraid / nothing / say.//
d) Addition / have considerable experience / new secretary / bilingual.//
e) Stand to reason / apply for a job / person / use a computer / advantages / those / cannot.// f) Parens / once / well-off / go out of business.//
Trang 8g) Keep / eye / baby / while / buy / milk.//
h) Speak / louder / he / hard of hearing.//
i) Sorry / slip / tongue.//
j) Wait / tip / tougue.//
k) He / cannot afford / small flat / suburb / let alone / big house / city centre.//
l) January / alone / forty break-ins / outskirts / city.//
m) They / advantage / hospitality / stay / whole week / without / pay.//
n) I / be used / get up early / don't mind / leave / 5 o'clock / morning.//
o) He / used to / go hunting / forests / younger.//
Đáp án
a) New machinery has been put in this year with a view to incresing output
b) As regards your application, I regret to inform you that the vacancy has already been taken c) With ragard to your complaints I'm afraid I have nothing to say
d) In addition to having considerable experience the new secretary is aslo bilinggual
e) It stands to reason that when applying for a job a person who can use a computer has
advantages over those who cannot
f) His/ her parents were once well-off but they went out of business
g) Please keep an eye on my baby while I buy some milk
h) Can you speak ( a little ) bit louder; he is hard of hearing
I) I'm terribly/ awfully sorry, that's only a slip of the tongue
j) Wait! It's on the tip of my tongue
k) He cannot afford a small flat in the suburb, let alone a big house in the city centre
l) In January alone, there were forty break-ins on the outskirts of the city
m) They took advantages of my/ our hospitality and stayed the whole week without paying n) I'm used to getting up early so I don't mind leaving at 5 o'clock in the morning
o) He used to go hunting in forests when he was younger
Writing – Week 3
Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
a) The workers only called of the strike after a new pay offer
Only after
b) He was sentenced to six months in prison for his part in the robbery
He received a
c) She wore a hearing-aid, even though she could hear phone ring perfectly well
She wasn't so
d) You will never meet anyone more generous than Mrs Jones
Mrs Jones is
e) My parents let me go abroad alone for the first time last year
I was
f) It was his incompetence which led to their capture
If
h) I'm certainly not going to give you any more money
Trang 9I have no
Exercise 2: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible
in meaning to the original sentences, but using the words given in block letters The word must not be altered in any way.
a) I don't think there will be any applicants for this post
LIKELIHOOD
b) It was difficult for Susan to believe the good news
HARDLY
c) You must make allowances for his inexprience
ACCOUNT
d) This contract is not binding until we both sign it
BOUND
e) He wasn't to blame for the accident
FAULT
f) You shouldn't take his help for granted
ASSUME
Đáp án
Exercise 1
a) Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike
b) He received a sentence of 6 months for his part in the robbery
c) She wasn't so deaf/ hard of hearing that she couldn't hear the phone
d) Mrs Jones is the most generous person you will/ could ever ( be likely ) to meet
e) I was allowed to go abroad alone for the first time last year
f) If he hadn't been so incompetent they wouldn't have been captured
g) I have no intention of giving you any more money
Exercise 2
a) There is little/ no likelihood that there will be applicants for this post
b) Susan could hardly believe the good news
c) You must take his experience into account/ You must take account of his experience
d) Neither ( one ) of us is bound by this contract until we both sign it
e) The accident was not his fault
f) You should not assume ( that ) he will help you
Exercise 3: Guided sentence building – Week 3
Make all the changes and additions necessary to produce complete sentences from the following sets of words and phrases Note carefully from the example what kind of
alterations need to be made Write each sentence in space provided.
a) Hardly / I / water / garden / begin / rain.//
b) Who / take / minutes / last meeting?//
c) Permanent members / United Nations / Security Council / hve a veto / proposal.//
d) I / take / granted / she / take shorthand.//
e) She / furiuos / he / take / notice / her.//
f) No point / join / club / full of eccentrics.//
Trang 10g) She / never / fail / word / so far.//
h) His account / far / true.//
I) He / mortage / house / start / bussiness.//
j) They / pay / house / monthly installments.//
k) I / call / police / resort.//
l) Standard practice / pay a deposit / order.//
Đáp án
a) Hardly had I wanted the garden when/ before it began to rain
b) Who took the minutes of the last meeting?
c) Permanent members of the UN Security Council have a veto over a proposal
d) I take it for granted that she can take shorthand
e) She was furious because he took no notice of her
f) There's no point in joining tht club because it seems to be full of eccentrics
g) She has never failed to keep her word so far
h) His account was far from ( being ) true
I) He mortgaged his/ the house in order to start his own business
j) They ( have ) paid for the/ their house by monthly installments
k) I only called the police as my/ a last resort
l) It is standard practice to pay a deposit with one's order
Writing – Week 4
Exercise 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
a) Our hotel booking hasn't been confirmed
We haven't received
b) The salesman told me that my new car would be delivered next Wednesday
According
c) The Yeti has very rarely been seen at this attitude
There have
d) It's not certain that Jones will get the job
It is open
e) Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made
No sooner
f) As I get older, I want to travel less
The older
g) Alan worked too hard at the office, and this led to his illness
Alan's illness
Exercise 2: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible
in meaning to the original sentences, but using the words given in block letters The word must not be altered in any way.
a) Mr Bill managed to repair the garage roof only because his neighbour helped him