side môn hóa học xanh đại học bách khoa

Linear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linearLinear programming refers to problems in which boththe objective function and the constraints are linear

GREEN CHEMISTRY

Dr Nam T S Phan Faculty of Chemical Engineering

HCMC University of Technology

Office: room 211, B2 Building Phone: 38647256 ext 5681 Email: ptsnam@hcmut.edu.vn

be renewable

rather than depleting

wherever technically and economically practicable

Renewable

energy

Solar power is the

name given for using the energy of the sun

to provide electricity

or to heat water

Wind power harnesses the power of the wind

to provide electricity

Geothermal power

Geothermal energy is the

natural heat of the earth

which can be used to heat or cool buildings and provide hot water

Biomass is

a collective term for all animal and plant

material

Biomass

energy is produced

by burning

or

digesting some

forms of

these

materials

Hydrogen fuel:

Hydrogen (H 2 ) is being aggressively explored as

a fuel for passenger

vehicles It can be used

in fuel cells to power

electric motors or

burned in internal

combustion engines

(ICEs).

Disadvantages

• Technologies still under development

• Costly

• Needs more space

• Low-intensity energy production

Nonrenewable energy

Oil is most often used to make gasoline, the liquid that powers vehicles and other internal

combustion devices

• Coal is a combination of carbon and trace amounts of other elements such as sulfur.

• It is mined out of the ground and used to create

electricity and for burning

• Biofuel is any fuel with an 80% minimum content by volume of materials derived from living organisms

harvested within the 10 years preceding its manufacture

extracted from atmospheric

burning it does not result in a net increase of CO2

• Solid biomass

• Liquid biomass

17

There are mainly two ways of producing ethanol:

synthesis of hydrocarbons and from biomass Only the

second approach deserves the terminology

"bioethanol"

Bioethanol production process

20

21

Production of bioethanol from corn

Production of bioethanol from sugarbeet

Production of bioethanol from cereals

Biodiesel

Biodiesel Æ ester (more generally methyl ester)

usually produced from vegetable oil

26

If free fatty acids are present

Production of biodiesel from rapeseeds

Production of biodiesel from jatropha

Production of biodiesel from sunflower

Production of biodiesel from waste oil

Production of biodiesel from algae

Is biodiesel better for the environment than

petrodiesel?

Biogas

• Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of biomass

occurring in the absence of oxygen.

• The products of biomass pyrolysis include biochar, bio-oil and gases including methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.

• Pyrolysis will yield mainly biochar at low temperatures, less than 450 0 C, when the heating rate is quite slow, and mainly gases at high temperatures, greater than 800 0 C, with rapid heating rates

• At an intermediate temperature and under relatively high

heating rates, the main product is bio-oil

Biomass pyrolysis

37