New matrix intermediate student book

This is a useful guide for practice full problems of english, you can easy to learn and understand all of issues of related english full problems. The more you study, the more you like it for sure because if its values.

Reading and Vocabulary

Who are the British ?

V : Describing characteristics Phrasa l verbs -bring in, build up, make up, put in, put up with

Exam training: Match i n g h eadi n gs

R: Matchin g head i ngs

4

Brain power

V : Th e br a in a nd pe r ce pti o n

Exam training : Sk im r ead i ng

Exam training : M ultipl e choic e

R : Mu ltipl e c ho ice

16

Ups and downs of the human race

V : D escr i bi g p eople, S u rv i val, P r epos i tions

Exam training: Scann i n g, S umm a r ising

R : Match ing

30 Jobs in the future

V : D escr ibin g g rowth, Pr e po s itions ,

D esc ri b g a biliti es

Exam training : Miss in g s entence s

R: Missi n g se n te n ces

42 Fame and the family

V : Fame

56 Body language

an d r eco m mend a t ion

Present simple and present continuous

Extension: See hear, feel, taste and smell;

Adverbs o f freq u ency

8

Can, have to, may, must, and should

Extension: Ought to, n eed to

Moda l verbs: l og i cal concl u sions

L ogical concl u sions i n the pas t

Extension Because, unless, although

60

P r ese nt p e rf e ct

P rese n t perfect si mp le a nd p r esent per f ect conti n uous

Extension: Al r eady, still, yet

F i rst an d seco n d co n di t ional , wishes

Extension: Would rather, would prefer to, prefer

112

Repo rt e d s p eec h

Extension: S gg e s t and recomm e nd

; I ~ , stening and Speaking

• 1&

Psyc h metric tests

L: ~n ann ouncement A talk

Exam tr a inin g: True I False

F : Say ing what yo u t h i n k, I nv i t i ng pe ople

to speak

Exam training : Role p l ays

S : Role play - finding out abou t a job

1 0

Identi ty parade

L: -\ telephone conversation

Exa m t a i ning : True or false

Exam tr a i ning : Identifying statements

L: Ide ntifyi ng state ments

F -\sking/ ex p laining what someth ing means

S: Ro le play - explaining a theft

Exa m t ra i ning: Match ing infor ma tion

F : Talk ing about the f u tu r e

S: Photo di scuss ion

F : Conve rsation fillers

S: Ro le play - making enquiries

So ng: You con get it if you really want

L: Listeni ng to op ini ons , a news report

F : Ex pressing approval an d d isa pproval

S: P hoto di scuss ion

Son g: Turn

Writing

Writing a letter about yourself Computer penfriends : Descript i ons Exam training: Avo i ding r e et i tio n

12 Writing a letter giving advice

A home- st a y visit: Giv ing advice

Writin g a description Great wal ls: A descriptio n of p l ace

38 Writing a formal letter of complaint Tomorrow 's classroom: Fo r mal a n d informal language

Writing a discursive composition

I wish : Expressi ng personal o pi nions

116 Writing a formal letter of application Applying for a job

Who are the British 7 Phrasal verbs: br ing in, build up, make up, put in, put up with

Jobs Word b i ld i ng Adject i ves

14 Brain Power Crime Phrasal ver bs: put up, make up, set off, find out, drop off

Prepos i tions

26

Ups and d ow n s o t h e hu ma n race Confusing w ords

Phrasa l verbs : put off, take up, put up with,

let (sb) down, fall through

40 Jobs in the fut u re Talk ing about the fut u re Prepos itions Phrasa l ve rbs: bring about, come up against, count on, be up to, work out

52

Fame and the f a mi ly Prepos i tions Expressions Phrasa l verbs: hang on to, put off, carry on, work out, go without

66 Body language Varieties of E ngli s h Adjectives Phrasal verbs: tryout, keep up, look for, find out, fill in

78

New Yo r k Confusing words Uses of get Phrasa l verbs: come up with, set up, make up, keep up with, grow up

92 Measuring the risks Prepositions

D escri b ing risk Phrasal verbs: put ( sb) through, hang up, hold back, get back, call back, get in

P hrasal ve rbs: carry out, give up, hondover, keep on, send in, take on, take up

, Culture Zone / Reading for pleasure

C : Different perspectives on the EU

15

R : A New Sport from joy Luck Club

~ho aTe the Titish?

Quiclcquiz

How much do you know about Britain?

1 What is the name of the political union which includes

England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland7

2 What is the geographical name for England, Scotland

and Wales?

3 What is the shortest distance between England and

France7

4 How can people travel to France?

a by ferry b via a bridge c via a tunnel

SCOT ' EA-NO

r fRELAND WALES

FRANCE

Reading

2 Match words 1-5 to their meanings a-e

1 characteristics a traditional ways of behaving

2 generalisations b different kinds of pronunciation

3 accents c distinctive features or qualities

4 backgrounds d statements based on a few

examples

5 customs e experiences and upbringing

3 Look at the title of the article opposite What information

do you think it includes?

4 Read the text quickly Write the time you start and finish

How long did it take?

5 Match headings a-h to paragraphs 1-7 There is one heading you do not need

a A successful combination

b An independent island

h A necessary industry

6 In pairs, tell your partner what you remember reading Use the headings to help you

7 Answer the questions about the text

1 Whose opi n ions does the writer refer to? Why?

2 What does the writer fi nd i nteresti ng about British cha racteristics?

a behaving as though you are better than others

b ready or likely to attack

3 serious / reserved

a quiet or shy

b thoughtful or unsmiling

4 tolerant / traditional

a accepting something you dislike or disagree with

b relating to an old way of life

5 outgoing / excitable

a quick to show enthusiasm

b friendly and interested in others

' Reading

='JATIONALcharacteristics

We often see other nationalities as having a set of

characteristics which set them apart from others,

particularly ourselves: the Italians are excitable and love

children, the Finns are reserved people who say very little,

and so on But, if you look more closely, the situation

appears more complicated You become aware that the

Italians, for example, have the fewest children per family in

Europe, and the Finns love to talk on their mobile phones

The British are famous for their tolerance and sense of

h mour, yet they don't always say what they think and can

be intentionally rude This amazes Americans, who do not

u derstand such behaviour Britain's nearest neighbours

can be just as surprised as the Americans French writer

.-\ndre Maurois wrote: 'In France, it is rude not to have a

conversation with someone: in England, it is unwise to

have one No one there blames you for silence When you

have not opened your mouth for three years, they will

-hink, "This Frenchman's quite a nice fellow".'

As with the Italians and the Finns, the truth about the

Britsh is, of course, much more complicated However,

erhaps certain generalisations can be made Britain is an

sland - a fact not changed by the construction of the

~ h a nnel Tunnel - and it has not been successfully

conquered since 1066 For this reason, Britain and the

3ritsh remain deeply individualistic

However, the British are not one nationality but four,

'ho all see each other differently To the English, the Welsh

:!re a much more talkative group than themselves, and

_'1deed Wales has produced many preachers and trade

~nion leaders, particularly in the 19th century In contrast,

:"'le Scots are seen as serious and sometimes mean

9 Complete the sentences using words from 8

1 That man is so ' He thinks he is more

important than everyone else

2 Hatty is not very at the best of times

She's normally very quiet

3 He's so He never shouts at the children

when they are noisy and excitable

4 Julia just can't be She always has to

make a joke about the situation

:) Some people become very when they

drive They are really quite dangerous

6 Stella makes friends very quickly She's very

from the West Indies, emigrated to Britain Others came too: Asians came from the Indian subcontinent and Africa,

and Chinese people came from Hong Kong Many of these newcomers have put in a lot of effort to build up successful businesses Together with Arabs and Africans, they make up

6.4% of the population and help to form what is now a multi-racial society

6 Even though the people in Britain all have different

accents, different cultural backgrounds and different views,

and even different languages, they are still all part of an

island race, whose culture and customs are mixed so well

together that they produce a British identity

To understand Britain, however, its people tell you, takes many visits Bearing in mind their inability to say what they mean, this probably translates as: 'Although we regard tourism as rather undesirable, we put up with it because we need the business the visitors are bringing in.'

Based on Br i an Be ll , Insight Guid es - Gr e at Brita i n

'Phrasa\ ve.rbs

10 Underline the correct phrasal verbs in 1-5, then match them to meanings a-e The verbs appear in the text

1 We all put in / brought i n a lot of work for this exam

2 It takes time to make up / bui l d up a successful business

3 Together they make up / put up w i th a group of very interesting people

4 I find it difficult to bring in / put up w i th arrogant people

5 Tourism now brings in / put in a large amount of money

a develop (over time)

b bear or stand

c attract (business)

d form

e spend a lot of time doing

What national characteristics are mentioned in the article? Who do they belong to? Are you surprised by a y of these! Why? Why noU

Why does the writer think the British are individualists? What are your nationality's characteristics? What events and situations have helped to form them?

Present simple and present

continuous

1 ~1.1 Listen to an interview with Camilla, the girl in the

photo, and choose the correct words or phrases to

complete the sentences

1 Camilla looks a like Posh Spice b amazing

2 She often works as a a model b a look-alike

3 People are offering Camilla more and more a money

b work

4 Camilla is a not studying now b still at university

5 Today, Camilla is a staying at home b working for a

1 Look at the uses of the present simple and present

continuous Match sentences 1-6, about Camilla,

in 1 above to uses a-f

Present simple

We use the present simple for:

a something that happens regularly or is a routine

_ 2 _

b something that is permanent or generally true

Present continuous

We use the present conti nuous for:

c something that is happening at, or around, the

2 Decide whether sentences 1-4 refer to the present

simple or the present continuous

1 We form the negative and questions with do (

does

2 We add an s to the third person singular verb, e.g

works, lives

3 We form this tense with the verb be + the -ing

form of the verb

4 Some verbs are not used in this tense, e.g think,

2 Jamie (not ( play) football every week

3 Look! Why (they ( wear) those Batman costumes?

4 _ _ _ _ _ (you (like) the new Victoria Beckham CD?

5 He _ _ _ _ _ (not sing) It's a recording Look at his lips

6 They _ _ _ _ _ (usually ( not watch) television at the weekend

7 Sheena (always ( phone) really late at night She's so annoying

hotter

3 Make questions from these notes Then ask and answer the questions in pairs

1 what ( you ( usually ( do ( at the weekend?

2 what ( you ( do ( now?

3 you ( read ( anything interesting at the moment?

4 how often (you ( usually (go (to the cinema?

5 who ( be (your favourite ( actor?

6 what kind of music (you (like?

7 what subjects ( you ( study ( this year?

• Non-continuous forms Some verbs which describe states

are not normally used in the continuous, e.g be , lov e,

have , think

• Some v rbs are used to describe either a state or an

action, g Anne has two s isters (state) Sh e's having a

s hower (action)

Look at these verbs and decide which verbs describe a

state and which describe an action

b l ieve go work d isl i ke look hate

stu y know like spend love make

include be live need understand s eak

sleep want do

believe

- Match questions 1-6 to the correct answers, a-f

1 Wh t re you thinking? a He's got very blue eyes and

c Yes, I understand perfectly

d Yes, I'm seeing Michael, but it's n t serious

e He's having a bath

I was just wondering if it

will rain

Read the article about a look-alike couple Put the verb in

brackets in the correct tense, present simple or present

continuous

W hen Michelle Bada 1 (come) home

from work as a sales assistant in New York, she

often 2 (find) her husband, (ory, dressed as

Superman 'He 3 (always do) strange things,

like jumping off the furniture and pretending to fly round

the apartment,' says Michelle What's the reason for his

strange behaviour? (ory 4 (work) as a

look-alike The idea came to him when he was unemployed

He wanted to be an actor, but it was difficult to find work

'People were always saying, "You (look)

Let's activate

lntervie~ a famous person

7 Imagine you are a famous person Decide:

• what you do

• what your us a routine is

• which functions you normally attend, e.g p rties, dinners

• what things are changing in your life

• how you feel when someone recognises you

• what you are doing this week / month

• what you like / don't like about the job / your life

8 In pairs, interview each other to find out the information

of the time, although at the moment he 8 _ _ _ _ _

(appear) in a play In fact, he still 9 (hope) to make it as a serious actor If he does, Michelle will miss being Wonder Woman She became Wonder Woman to keep (ory company 'I was self-conscious at first, but now I

10 (begin) to enjoy it', she says 'It's fun!'

Let's practise grammar

'Present simp\e and present l.ontinuous

1 Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense, present

simple or present continuous

1 Most people (want) to be good at their

job

2 Kate is a supermodel She (travel) all

round the world

3 _ _ _ _ _ David _ _ _ _ _ (do) athletics today?

4 Teenage tennis stars _ _ _ _ _ (get) younger and

younger

5 Tina (always / complain) about having no

money, but she's got more money than me!

6 Paul (save up) to buy a new computer

7 Rachel (always / talk) on her mobile She

even uses it in the cinema!

8 What time you normally _ _ _ _ _

(sta rt work7

9 I _ _ _ _ _ (not understand) these instructions

Something _ _ _ _ _ (seem) to be missing

2 Underline the correct form of the verb to complete the

Example I'm having lunch early today

1 I have lunch early (today)

2 Roger doesn't know Maggie very well (at the moment)

3 I understand you (now)

4 Paul goes to work by bus (this week)

5 jenny spends a lot of time with james (lately)

6 Charlie studies German (this year)

7 The sports programme includes water sports (this month)

4 Complete the sentences using the correct form of have

1 julia brown hair and blue eyes

Would you like one?

3 I think joe _ _ _ _ _ a sleep He said he was tired

4 I a fear of spiders I can't stand them

5 At school we a break for lunch at 12.30 every day

6 Simon looks awful He _ _ _ _ _ a very bad cold and a headache

7 I received a postcard from Sophie this morning She _ _ _ _ _ a wonderful time in Greece

8 jess driving lessons She hopes to take her test next month

'It's not until you go abroa d or meet people

from another country, that you 1 think / are thinking of yourself in terms of having a

national identit y', says Leon Davies We 2 talk / are talking in his new flat in New York Leon

is British but 3 liv es / i s living in New York for a

year, while doing a post -g raduate degree at

Columbia University '14 don't remember / am

not remembering thinking about national differences in England But when you are surrounded b y people from many other

countries, you 5 start / are starting to notice

the way different nationalities 6 express / are expressing themselves, the way they 7 behave / are behaving, an d so on.' I 8 ask / am qsk in g

him if he 9 feels / is feeling British ' That's just it', he says 'Now I'm away from home, I've become a typical Englishman 1 0 have / am

having tea at 4.30, 1 1 talk / am talking about

the weather, and 12 always know / am always knowing the cricket score.'

E xtension

Se e , hear , feel taste and smell (> P134 )

These verbs can be used to describe our senses When used

in this way, we do not usually use them in the continuous

Instead we use them with con

Examp les

can see Jeremy coming down the road

can taste nuts in this chocolate

e use taste,jeel and smell without can to describe the

~'1ing we are eating, touching, smelling, e.g This apple

:as te s had

5 Look at the pictures below and write your own sentences

using smell, taste, feel and see

6 Complete the sentences using see, hear, taste, feel and

4 This dessert wonderful It's so fruity

5 I need new glasses I (not) what that poster says and it's only a few metres away

Adve.rbs of fre.que.nG~ (> P134 )

7 Put the adverb in brackets in the correct position

1 jo is late for work (regularly)

2 Steve plays cricket after school in summer (frequently)

3 My sister is borrowing my clothes (always)

4 Mark doesn't drink tea (usually)

5 They don't watch television in the evening (often)

6 My friend lane is bad tempered (never)

7 I am forgetting my homework (always)

8 Do you visit London? (ever) The ri9ht \'lord

8 Complete the text using the correct form of these verbs write begin look put on appear

hope play be look

The pop star 'king' of rock 'n' roll

Writer Lee Hall's play Cookin~ with Elvis

in the West End Lee

make a name for himself

as a writer His work, which includes the film Billy Efliot,

death in a comical, imaginative

will be as successful as Cookmg with Elvis

Listening and speaking

PsycholDetric tests

Listening

Personality test

1 Try these questions from a personality test and

see what the results show about you Be honest

with your answers

1 Are you more successfu I at:

a dealing with the unexpected and seeing

quickly what you must do?

b following a carefully worked out plan?

2 Are these statements true or false for you?

a People should sort out their own

problems

b I can get more done when I work alone

c I like telling people funny stories

d I show my emotions easily

Ability test

2 Answer these questions to see how good you

are at solving visual problems

1 What's the next shape in the sequence: a, b, c

or d?

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

@ •

2 How many L-shapes are required to fill the

square without leaving any gaps?

1 Psychometric tests can be compared to a questionnaire

2 The tests are used by 18% of UK employers to recruit new staff

3 The tests are sometimes expensive and take a lot of time

4 The results of the tests are always reliable

5 If you prepare well for the tests, you are more likely to get the job you want

6 If you can't answer a question, you should try to guess the answer

:> Some of these words were in the talk In pairs, decide

what the difference in meaning is between each pair of

5 recruit / make redundant

6 Complete the sentences using one word from each pair in

5 in the correct form

1 Many nowadays have the right to strike

2 When asked questions, are always

nervous about their answers

3 Jim has been looking for a _ _ _ _ _ for several

months now

4 The problems in the company have been caused by the

bad of the company directors

5 Jenny lost her job but a company in town is

_ _ _ _ _ more staff at the moment

?r onunc.iation

~ Look at the underlined part of the verb This marks

the stressed syllable Which syllable is it for most of

the verbs? In pairs, practise saying the words

Make nouns from the verbs in 1-10 in 7 using the endings

below You may have to change some letters

· o ur -ment -ion -ance

~1.4 In pairs, say the nouns you made in 8 and decide

which syllable is stressed Are the stressed syllables in the

nouns the same as those in the verbs? Listen and check

our answers

o c.abu\ar'l

Here are some qualities people need for different kinds of

jobs Complete the words

6 the abil to work alone

ability to co-oper _ with others

to the recording and fill in the gaps

Saying what you think / Inviting people to speak Ben Personally, I don't think that you need a sense of

humour to be an artist 1 Anna? Anna It seems to me that a sense of humour's essential

for anything you do 2 it helps you

to deal with all sorts of problems What do you think, Joseph7

Joseph Well, generally speaking, 3 that it

helps, but I'm not sure it's essential

Disc.ussion

12 In pairs, decide what jobs the people in the pictures do, then talk about what qualities people need to do them Use the list in 10 and the expressions in 11 to help you

\

-.x:.,ID traInIng j - - - _

Role plays Use your personal experience and the experience of people you know to help you imagine the situation and pretend you are actually in it

13 Student A: You have seen an advert for a summer job in a hotel and are phoning the hotel about the job Find out about:

• experience or qualifications needed for the job

• payment offered

• hours and days of work Student B: look at the information on page 141 and answer Student A's questions

Writing a letter about yourself

1 Listen to your teacher read out a paragraph in English

Write what he / she says, including the punctuation Can

you see any differences between how you punctuate in

English and your language? What are they?

Studying the sample

2 Read the advertisement and answer the questions

Simply complete the application form below and email it to us together

with a short description of yourself We ' ll do our best to match you on

our computer to someone you ' ll really click with!

3 Sam is writing to Compu-pen-friends to introduce herself Add the correct punctuation to her email

3 i m quiet but i have a sense of humour i enjoy going to discos and we have beach barbecues in summer i ve always been interested in music but my passion

is jazz

• my family live in a bungalow outside town my parents are teachers i have two sisters

the most interesting school subject for

me is history i can speak french but i am not good at maths

5 i intend to visit the usa as i find it fascinating i m looking forward to having

a penfriend yours sincerely sam dunsford

4 Now match these headings to the paragraphs in Sam's email

- Look at the adverbs below and complete 1 and 2

ve ry extremely rather completely

quite absolutely really

1 Put the adverbs in ord e r in the table according to how

much they strengthen adjectives

m oderate degree A large degree Completely

2 Whic h two adverbs can be used befor e ungradable

a djectives like right or correct but cannot be used with

g radable adjectives lik e nice or pretty?

U se one of the adverbs in 7 to complete each sentence

"I ore than one answer may be possible

1 My n ew neighbours seem to be a nic e

co upl e

2 Lon don is a ( n ) popular place with

to urist s Millions visit the city eac h ye a

3 Th e British hav e a ( n ) different kind of

d i e t from the French

co uldn 't beli eve my eyes

3 A lthou g h we think walking is a boring

t hi ng to do , we need th e exercise

6 ' Five plus fiv e i s ten ' ' That is right '

,', hi ch of these prepositions can you use with words 1-7

SD me words take more than one

10 Match words 1-8 to their opposites, a-h

1 qui et a s low to make friends

3 I think I ' m quite towards other people

4 I sometime s find it difficult to be _ _ _ _ _

5 I ' d lik e to think I was a(n) p rson

Writing a letter about yourself

You are going to send a letter to Compu-p e n-friend s introducing you r se lf

'P\annin9

12 In pairs use these points to plan your profile Decide what order the paragraphs will be in

• futu re plan s

• character and intere s ts

• phy s ical de s cription

• hom e and sc hool Writin9

13 Now write your letter following your plan Use some of the adjectives and adverbs in this section

C.hec.~in9

14 Check that:

• your punctuation and grammar ar e correct

• you h ave spelled words corr ec tly

• your letter i s interesting

• you have included so me of the adjectives and adverbs

you have studied

• you have written b etwee n 120-150 words

,

''''

~

Word focus

Who are- the- ~ritish?

1 Put the correct form of the word in brackets in a suitable

place in the sentences

1 The Welsh are thought to be a group of people (talk)

2 People in Britain come from many different

backgrounds (culture)

3 Do you think men are more than women? (aggression)

4 I like Tom but he always seems very when you talk to

him (reserve)

5 Nowadays, people all over the world need to be towards

one another (tolerance)

6 My mother's always telling my sister not to be so and to

try to keep calm (excite)

'Phrasa\ ve-rbs

2 Complete the replies to questions 1-5 using the correct

form of these phrasal verbs

bring in build up put in put up with

make up

1 • How hard do I need to work to pass the exam?

o I think you will need to a lot of work

2 • I can't work with all that noise going on!

o I'm sorry but you'll just have to it for

the moment

3 • What exactly does the United Kingdom consist of?

o It's of England, Wales, Scotland and

Northern Ireland

4 • What are the real advantages of tourism?

o Well, for one thing, it a lot of money

5 • Do you think Sam's business will ever be successful?

o Oh yes, when he's more trade

Words l.onne-l.te-d with jobs

3 Put the letters in 1-8 in the correct order to make words

to complete the text

I w~nt for mi fir5t I vie\>linter for a job tl1~ otl1~r aai· {\\ t ~

otl1~r 'eef>vieter\>lin wl10 w~r~ waiting in tl1~ room loo¥:~a

~'l-tr~m~li n~rVOU5, but I au.ia~a tl1at I woula t~ to 5tai Galm

1h~ wmpani l1aa aUiMa to ' ture-ire two n~w

4 \epemo~ef> 5traigl1t from 5G11001, f:,O w~ w~r~ all about tl1~

5am~ ag~ w~ tal¥:~a for about l1alf an 110ur, ana I wa5 tl1en

ta¥:~n to m~~t 50m~ of tl1~ ~'l-i5ting S f>afft I mU5t 5ai tl1~i w~r~

all v~~ fri~nali ana ~v~n maM 50m~ jO¥:~5 about tl1~1r

" p\o~emerf> ana tl1~ 1 bojf> tl1~i ao tl1~r~ I qUlt~ ~njoi~a tl1~

wl1ol~ ~'l-p~rienG~, 50 I 110p~ I'm going to b~ IUG¥:i enougl1 to

a accepting something you dislike

b behaving as though you are better than others

c something which has been done for years

d being different from others

e feeling of wanting to attack others state of being sensible or important

6 Now complete these sentences using adjectives in 5 in the positive or negative form

1 I am sorry that I'm to come to your party

4 The cashier at the bank was to h lp the

customer She simply refused to serve the woman

5 I think sending an email is a rather way

of thanking someone

6 Ja ne is n ice when you get to know her but she seems rather at fi rst

7 Tony is too He's always losing his temper

8 Don't depend on Sally She's very She

may say she'll help you, but she probably won't

Culture focus

Acting like a huge umbrella, the European Union reaches over the lives of all who live in it: through the

creation of common laws, regulations and markets, there is no one it doesn't affect The number of hours

we work, the amount of holidays we have, the money many countries use, the system of agriculture, and the level of environmental protection are all decided to some extent by the EU Its creation also means

that people are much freer to live and work where they want to within the EU

A recent survey of 1,225 people between the ages of 21 and 35

in Germany, France, Italy and

Britain found that a majority of young

a dults stili identify themselves with

th eir native countries But close to

one-t hi rd prefer to call themselves

E u ropean; in Ital y, the number is over

40%

ex istence of the EU means that

I n dividual countries within it are losing

h eir uniqueness: their own identity 'It

w as very different when I travelled

a cross Europe 17 years ago', says

Fr an<;oise, who lives in Paris 'Each

co untry was very different from the

oth ers Now you walk through Paris or

L ndon and you see the same shops

U nity is good but maybe we are losing

so mething special.'

Others, however, think they have

ga ined something Julia, a young Brit

w h o lives in Brussels says, 'People in

Br ussels speak several different

l an guages, so you don't think about

an yone's nationality You can get used

o that and so when you go to places

w here you don't have that mix, you

!e el you are missing out on someth ing '

Constantine, who was born in Greece, has also experienced the same feeling in his home vi llage He has lived

in several different European capitals, and says that because he works for international companies, and has friends in many different countries, he feels at home in an international environment So when he visits his parents, he feels a bit like a tourist these days However, that doesn't stop

has children 'Of course I want my children to grow up in my own country,

uncles', he says

The idea of a united Europe was

developed by France and Germany after the Second World War Both powers feared that another war would

destroy the continent again Today, young people in western Europe have grown up with a Europe that is firmly united With the expansion of the EU, more countries wi ll be added to the cultural mix Optimists hope that this will enrich us all Pessimists fear that the countries entering the Union for the first time wi ll become more and more like all the rest

Read the article and answer these questions Talking about your country

What effect has the EU had on job seekers?

2 In the countries that took part in the survey, where did

most young adults feel they belonged?

3 What negative effect do some people think the EU has

1 Do people travel to find work where you live7

2 How strong are national feelings in your country7

3 What do you think is the benefit of being part of an organisation such as the EU?

4 Do you think it is possible to be part of a larger organisation, like the EU, and still keep your national identity?

5 What aspects of your national identity do you want to protect?

1 Follow the instructions

1 Look at these numbers and objects for 30 seconds and

try to memorise them

2 Now close your books and write down the numbers

and objects you can remember

3 Compare your list with a partner's Which were easier

to remember: the figures or the pictures?

Reading

2 Match adjectives 1-5 to their meanings a-e

1 embarrassing a feeling sure about your own abilities

2 observant b extremely good or excellent

3 outstanding c making you feel uncomfortable

11 -Skim reading

This helps us to understand what a whole text is about

Before you start to answer questions about a text, read it

through quickly to get a general idea of what it is about

Do not worry about the meanings of individual words

3 Skim read the article and think of a title for it Then, as a

class, compare titles and decide which one is best

Title:

Have you ever found yourself in the embarrassing po i

of meeting someone you think you have met before b u~ :'

being able to remember their name, or even where or \ ::

you saw their face? Well, you're not the only one! But =

needn't worry - help is on the way You see, a good merr; depends on how observant you are So if you know ho'

use your powers of observation, you can common memory problems like remembering name faces

Many people, when introduced to others, know

reason, they go through a whole series of introduCt:!

without really looking at the faces of those they are introduced to Their fear of failure actually guarantees they won't succeed Even those who do look at new will often tend to see them as a general picture, and do

really look at specific characteristics However, because

.-memory works by making connections between ideas

also by noticing anything outstanding, it's essential when you see a new face, you look at it properly so that ~

peering rudely at the person's face, but simply taking active, intelligent interest

You can practise this by looking at people in pu

places and giving yourself different parts of the face to '

at On one day you might concentrate on noses, day on eyebrows, another day on ears or general shapes, etc You will be surprised to find that each par-each face varies enormously from person to personthat your increasing ability to notice differences will h e~~ remind you of the new people you meet

To help you even further, you can use this remembering names when being introduced If

it's appropriate, ask for the name to be

:peated, and then use it politely in the conversation you

~Ye It's far more polite to use the name of the person

u've just met than to refer to them as 'you', or 'he' or

-e' when talking to a third person

Another good idea is to ask about the meaning of the

::::'Son's surname Most people have some knowledge of, or

-, interested in, the meaning of their names and are happy

talk about it During the conversation, if there's anything

~us ual about either the face or the name, try to link it with

:nething else that will help you to remember The

:"'antage of this is that the more successful you become at

-::nembering names, the more confident and happier you

~ be about meeting new people

Tony Buzan, Make the Most of your Mind

1 What do a lot of people often find difficult to remember?

3 If we have a bad memory, what should we try to do in

our everyday lives?

4 What are most people interested in7

~~crl.nt,crl I"!J ~~ -~

Multiple choice

\ Read the first part of the question and each possible

answer carefully If you are not sure about an answer, try

to work out why the other answers are incorrect

find the right answer

1 When people are introduced to others, they often

a remember only the faces of the people they see first

b give up trying to remember names and faces too

easily

c are afraid of meeting people they do not know

d remember the specific characteristics of only one

person's face

2 The writer suggests that the best way to train yourself to

remember names and faces is to

a try to meet as many new people as possible

b stare hard at any new face you see

d look for differences in one particular facial feature

3 What does the writer suggest you do when meeting others?

a Avoid comments which require using someone's name

b Repeat a person's name as often as possible

c Show an interest in the meaning of a person's surname

d Explain the meaning of your own name

4 What is the writer's conclusion?

a People will find the methods he is suggesting work

b Not everyone will be successful at remembering names and faces

c There may be other more effective ways of remembering things

d Confidence has very I ittle to do with memory

Vocabulary

The brain and perc.eption

crowded places

problems

name

most important?

than we ever imagined

behaviou r?

bad with dates

What are you very good / bad at remembering7 What kinds of things bring back memories for you, e.g sou nds, smells, sights?

What do you remember doing during your summer / winter holidays as a child7

In what other areas of your life could having a better memory help you?

e

Grammar

Modal verbs: ability, permission,

obligation and recommendation

1 Match cartoons a-f to conversations 1-6 Then complete

the conversations using a suitable verb

1 A You mustn't your mobile in here

B Oh, sorry I forgot

A And you mustn't food either!

2 A Dad, can I to jane 's party on

Saturday?

B No, you can't I told you , we ' re going to Auntie jo 's

3 A You shouldn't ' s bad for your health

B I can't , I ca n never remember phone

numbers

5 A You may into see the vet now

B Thanks

6 A What should I to the party?

B How about your n ew black jumper )

2 Decide whether the words in bold in 1 express ability,

permission, obligation or recommendation

Modal verbs Uses

1 Match can, can't, must, mustn't, should, shouldn't,

and may to the correct use

a obligation to do something: muM

b obligation not to do someth ing: _ _ _ _ _

c recommendation to do someth ing : _ _ _ _

d recommendation not to do something:

e ability to do some thing: _ _ _ _ _ permission to do something: _ _ _ _ _ and

Forms

2 Complete the sentences

1 We use modal verbs can, must, mustn't, shou ld , may + the form of the verb , e.g

work, he , have

2 Modal verbs don ' t usually add an s for he,

Have to in affirmative sentences has a similar meaning to

must The negative form of have to is don't have to, which means something isn ' t necessary

3 Underline the correct verbs to complete the sentences

1 jeff can / can ' t play the gu it ar, but he wants to l earn

2 You may not / shouldn't eat ch ip s every day It's not go od

for you

3 Mum, can / should I borrow some money from you?

4 You mustn't / don't have to come if you don't want to

5 I can't go out because I have to / may mend my bike

6 Loo k at the sign You don't have to / mustn ' t park here

Moda\s in the past (~P13S)

4 Look at the examples and answer the questions

Sue can speak Chinese Sue could speak a lot of langua ges

She has to adapt to She had to adapt to lif e life in the UK in China

She doesn ' t have to She didn't have to go to school

go to sc hool in China

She must work hard She had to work hard

1 What are the past forms of can and can ' t?

2 What are the past forms of have to and don't have to?

3 What is the past form of must!

Rea d about Sue's childhood memories and underline the

c orr ect words to complete the text

: ou ng we lived in a lot of different countries Now, I liv e in

; afld a nd I 2 don ' t have to / didn't have to learn any new

;Jage s However , s uppose I just got into the habit of learning

~ , an d so I never s topped Living in different countries was

out it was also really difficult Every time we moved to a new

-:r I 3 have to / had to learn a new language and I 4 must /

- ,0 a apt to a new way of life Did 5 I have to / I had to learn

re a ll y difficult languages! Yes, Chinese! When I arrived in

_ fi g I 6 can't / couldn't speak any Chinese , not a single word,

: ,w a s completely different from any other language I knew

: o f course, the writing is so different I 7 can / couldn't read

:: ch ara cters , or write them at first I really hated being there for

-'le But the good thing was that I 8 don't have to / didn't have

;:a to school! I had a teacher at home I called him 'Mr Must'

-:-:::aus e he was always telling me what I must do 'To learn

- '1e se y ou must practise drawing your characters, you must do

: h u rs of homework everyday ', and so on Actually , he was a

:: good teacher When I left China 19 can / could speak Chinese

~::fltly and I 10 can / could read and write over a thousand

Ta\\(ing about ru\es and regu\ations

7 ~2.1 Listen to what these teenagers say about the laws, rules and regulations in their countries , schools or homes Make notes about what they say

• leav e s chool • a pply for a pa ss port

• vot e in an el e ction • ride a moped / drive a ca r

• drink a lcohol • open a b a nk a cc ount

• get married • s tart sc hool

• own a cred it c a rd

9 What about your parents? Could they do the things in 8 at the same age?

Let's practise grammar

Gan, have to, ma~, must and shou\d

1 Underline the verbs to complete the sentences

1 Kerry should / may work harder if she wants to pass the

exam

2 You can / have to train every day if you want to be in the

school hockey team

3 You mustn't / don't have to use your mobile phone on a

plane It isn ' t permitted

4 Sylvia is very artistic She can / may paint very well, and

she writes poetry too

5 lan doesn't have to / mustn't help at home, but he

usually does some cooking

6 Bill shouldn ' t / can't play basketball, but he's going to

learn next year

7 Students may / must use the library after school this

week if they want to

8 You don't have to / shouldn't go to bed so late - I'm not

su rprised you're ti red!

2 Complete the dialogues Use the correct form of can,

can't, must, mustn't, should, shouldn't or may

Nurse You 1 go in and see the patient now

He will be tired so you 2 talk too

much, you 3 let him rest Oh, and

you 4 give him anything to drink

Absolutely nothing to eat or drink He

5 get out of bed at the moment, but

he 6 sit up for a little while

OK What does this sign mean? I 7 _ _ _ _ _

understand it

It's the hospital regulations It means you

8 leave by 8 p.m

Mum,9 I go to John's barbecue and

then stay the night?

When is it?

Saturday

Yes, you 10 _ _ _ _ _ go to the barbecue, but

_ _ _ _ _ be home by midnight

3 Rewrite the following sentences using the verb in brackets

in the correct form

1 Were you able to play the guitar when you were three? (can)

2 It was necessary for me to go home from school yesterday, because I was ill (have to)

3 Jack wasn ' t able to play football because he had a broken arm (can)

4 It wasn't necessary for us to be home early because it was Saturday night (have to)

5 Which languages were you able to speak when you were younger! (can)

6 Eating in the library is not allowed (must)

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of must /

mustn't, have to / don't have to or had to

1 Clare isn't coming out tonight She revise for her exams

2 'My brother is a TV newsreader.' 'Oh, he _ _ _ _ _ memorise his news reports?'

3 It was raining yesterday, so we _ _ _ _ _ to cancel the picnic

4 You talk during the exam It's forbidden

5 When I was you nger, I to sha re a room with my sister

6 I remember to buy a present for my parents tomorrow! It's their anniversary

5 Correct the mistakes in these sentences

1 When I was at school, I have to wear a uniform

2 John have to go to school until he's 16

3 I couldn ' t to speak English when I was 7 years old

4 I can stay at Jill's house on Saturday, Mum?

5 Celia doesn't have to drive a car by herself She hasn't taken her driving test

6 I don't have to forget to ring Tim tonight It's his birthday

7 We went out last night because we hadn't to do any homework

E xtension

Ou ght to, need to (~P134)

6 Read examples a-e and answer questions 1-4

a You ought to visit the Museum of Modern Art when you

are in New York

b We need to go shopping; there isn't any food at home

c Jane doesn't need to learn French because she already

speaks it very well

d Sam needs to get a new mobile phone card; his old one

doesn't work

e Do you need to have a visa to visit your country?

1 Which modal verb do we use to give advice?

2 Which modal verb do we use to talk about necessity to

do something?

3 Which modal verb do we use to talk about something

which isn't necessary to do?

4 How do we form the third person singular of need to?

Rewrite the sentences using need to, don't need to or

oug ht to

Example

Do we have to hand our projects in this week?

Do we need to hand our projects in this week?

1 You must bring proof of your age to get into the disco

2 You don't have to bring anything to the party; we've got

5 Mark should do more exercise if he wants to get fit

-on h s no future or infinitive form Instead, we use be abl e

e.g Y o u mu s t b e able to r e ad a car numb e r plate at 20 S m

D ass y our drivin g test

Complete the sentences using can or be able to

over 16; his parents won't let him

:; You won't drive after only two lessons,

but you will soon learn

_ _ _ you understand Einstein's theory of

relativity?

9 Read the article about dreaming and choose the correct words, a, b or c, to fill in the gaps

us solve our problems and tell us about ourselves

We've all woken up trying hard to remember the dream that seemed so important the night before However, we 2 remember anything, except perhaps an image or a feeling It's frustrating,

so how do we solve this problem? In fact, we

3 to worry because it's possible to learn to remember our dreams Once we know how to

do this, we 4 programme our brain to solve our problems through our dreams

The best way to try to understand your dreams is

to keep a journal If you do this - and you

5 do it on a regular basis - after a while, you notice that you often have the same dream over and over again

Every night before you go to bed, train yourself to take several deep breaths and relax Then say to yourself , 'Tonight I want to remember a dream and I will remember a dream As soon as I wake up, I

6 write it down.' Go to sleep with paper and pencil beside your bed, expecting to remember It probably sounds silly, but it actually does work!

If you don't normally remember your dreams - but only have a feeling of what you dreamed about, for example, anger or calm - you 7 write down your feelings

After a few weeks, this routine will start producing results Then, you 8 look back at what you've written and try to match what happens in your life with the dreams you've had

ED

Listening and speaking

4 Distinguishing marks

2 Which of the means of identification in 1 do you think is

the most and which the least reliable? Why?

Listening

3 ~2.2 You are going to hear part of a radio programme about identity parades Before you listen, read the notes carefully Then listen and complete them

p te\ephone c.onversation

4 ~2.3 Listen to part of a telephone conversation with Alex Seelig, who takes part in identity parades in his

Correct those which are false

1 The phone call is from a police officer

2 There is an identity parade on Tuesday afternoon

3 They haven't given Alex much notice

4 It starts at 3.50

5 Alex can make it

Identifying statements

Listen ca refu Ily beca use the spea ker may ma ke a

statement which is similar to but not exactly the same as

the one given

~2.4 You are going to hear part of an interview with

1 I saw an advert for the job in a local newspaper

2 I ' ve taken part in over 15 parades

3 I'm not allowed to wear my own clothes

4 I'm paid extra to work at short notice

:; I sometimes find it difficult to stand still

6 I'm often asked to put on a false beard

We don't see the witness

8 I ' ve never been identified as the suspect

(;)2.4 listen again If you have written no next to a

Why not?

~-o n unc.iation

~2.5 These words appear in the interview with Alex

" rite out the parts of speech asked for in 1-7 and

nderline the stressed syllable

1 the verb form of application

2 the adjective form of definitely

3 the verb form of committed

.! the adverb form of additional

:; the nou n form of interested

- the verb form of suspect

Joe It means something that you pay to kidnappers

to get the person they kidnapped back

_ _ _ _ _ what a verdict is?

Sandy No, I can't Let's 6 _ _ _ _ _

12 In pairs, discuss the meaning of these words, using the expressions in 11 to help you

a criminal kidnapping murder a suspect

a witness speeding a burglar fraud manslaughter arrest a thief a mugger

13 Underline the words in 12 which refer to people

14 In another pair, discuss what these punishments are Then discuss which crimes in 12 they are suitable punishment for

• a prison sentence a fine community service

\2.o\e p\a'f

15 Student A: You have had your bike stolen while shopping You are in the police station reporting the crime to an officer (Student B) Answer the officer's questions

Student B: You are a police officer look at the information on page 141 and ask Student A about their bike

WANT TO IMPROVE YOUR ENGLISH?

Try a home-stay course in London

Stay with a host family

Study in the comfort of someone's home

Individual lessons daily

Full board and accommodation provided

1 look at the advert and answer the questions

1 What is a home-stay visit?

2 What might be the advantages of doing a course like

this?

3 What might be the disadvantages?

Studying the sample

Maria is going on a three-week home-stay course in London

She would like to visit places outside London, but she doesn't

know where to go She has written to the host family for

suggestions The host, Sally Martin, has replied

2 Read the extract from Maria's letter

Wnile of London I'm in but I Sngland don't know vef'j mUGn about 17ritain and ne'f.t montn I'd like to 5pend a long weekend out I'm not I

5ure e'f.adli wnere to go ~ome friend5 told me tnat tne Lake Di"trid •

i5 vef'j beautiful Do iOU know tni5 area? Could iOU tell me wnetner it

i" ea5i to get tnere and find "ome-wne-re-to 5tai? I've-al50 ne-ard it i5

ve-f'j wet c.ould iOU tell me- if tnat i5 true-?

Thank iOU in advanGe for iour nelp

17e-5t wi5ne-5,

Maria

3 Read the reply Maria received from Sally Martin; ignore

the missing words Is Sally's letter written in a formal or

informal style? How do you know?

Y

.~~

Dear Maria,

Thanks for you I t

r e ter It was nice to hear 1

~e~ot~e Lake District is a ~onderful place I'm glad YOU w

ar ar ar ar ar a VISit You can travel there 3 '

you should take the tral'n train or coach I think

, as Its much quO k

comfortable We can d rop you off IC er and more

4

station It would be bette t - - - the

5 r 0 travel on Friday morning

avoid the weekend h If ticket book it 6 rus you want a cheap

- - - places to st I h' eaper

youth hostel They're chea an ay, t Ink you ought to try a

people p d good places for meeting

Most people go there to walk or do

also visit the home of th f water Sports, but you can

e amous P t W"II'

ta e some waterproof cloth' s 0 ten wet, so

Looking forward 9 Ing and wal.klng boots

Sa,II~

Steps to better writing

4 Make notes on the contents of Sally's letter using these headings

Transport: train, car {ram station

" us e the conditiona l w ith the imperative to give adv ic e

= ample

- ou want so m e excit e ment t ry bungee jumping

Find an example of a conditional in Sally's letter and

M atch ideas 1-4 to activities a-d

1 If you enjoy walking ,

2 If you like c limbin g

3 If you are keen on sa ilin g

4 If you are interested in English poetry,

a v isit Wordsworth's house

b hire a boat on Lake Windermere

c go to the mountains round Scafel l

d buy a map showing footpaths

I n pairs, take turns to tell your partner your problem and

gi ve advice

' I don't feel wel l '

2 ' I don 't have enough money for lu nch '

3 ' I ' d like to make more friends.'

4 'I never get any exercise.'

:; 'I ' d like to spend more time studying.'

_si n9 artides

.3

:

L ook at the first two paragraphs of Sally's letter again and

fi nd the names of places and ways of travelling

1 Which use the definite art icl e the?

2 Which don ' t use the article?

Co mplete this table

the no article

wa y s of travelling when used with by D D

1 How do people usually trav e l in your country?

2 Which areas or districts are wel l- known in your country 7

3 Wha t are they famous for?

4 What are the most important cities in your country7

Writing your letter

Understandin9 the tas\(

Jim is a young person from Britain

who i s coming to your country to

do a course in your language He is

stay i ng with you and has a fe w days free before his cours e begins

He has written to you aski ng for

advice about a good place to visit

You are going to write a reply

• how you are going to give advice in each paragraph

• the best order for your paragraphs

• how to begin and end your letter

Writin9

15 Now write your letter Use these points to help you

• Start a different paragr a ph for each new point

• Use some words and expressions from Sally's letter

• Your letter shou ld b e about the same len gth as Sally 's letter (120-150 words )

• If possible, try to find a picture or a postcard of the place

to send with you r letter

c.hec.\(in9

16 Imagine you are Jim reading the letter and check that:

• it is easy to understand

• you have included all th e information Jim needs

• your punctuation and grammar are correct

• you have spell ed word s corr e ctly If necessary , s e a

dictionary

• your letter is written in an informal , friendly style

• you have used artic l es ( a / an and the ) correctly

• you have written 120 - 150 words

Word focus

~rain power

1 Complete the text using these words

has an amazing ability to store information He can tell you

every little detail of what he did years ago His

He doesn't need photos to recall his childhood

better than Bob's I've got fantastic eyesight!

Words c.onnec.ted with c.rime

2 Write a word which has the same meaning as the

definitions in 1-6 The first letter of each word is given

2 driving more quickly than the limit s _ _ _ _ _

6 the act of stealing

Sally 2 getting money illegally

Ted Actually, I think robbery's a very serious crime,

Don't you think a short one 8 _ _ _ _ _ ?

Well, maybe for the 9 _ _ _ _ _

Extension 'Phrasa\ verbs

4 Underline the phrasal verbs in 1-5 Then match them to

the meanings a-e

1 Pete put me up last weekend

2 I can't make up my mind which film to go and see

3 We set off early to miss the rush hour

4 Can you find out what time the plane leaves?

5 We'll drop you off at the station

a discover

b give someone a bed for the night

c leave on a journey

d decide

e take someone somewhere by car

5 Complete this letter using the phrasal verbs in 4

I!Jhel'l YOtA .fe~ve I f YOtA ~re I:.O~il'l.~ by

-cr~il'l., l!Je l!Ji.f.f I'I.eetl- -Co 3 ~ .fi -C-C .fe

e~r.fier, ~s -che S-c~-ciol'l is ~botA.-c h~.ff ~I'I hOtA.r's tl-rive

fro~ I!Jhere l!Je five As 5001'1 ~s YOtA h~ve

y YotA.r ~rrivo f -ci~e, .fe-c tA.S kl'l.ol!J We I:.~I'I I:.er-c~il'l fy 5 YOtA for -CI!JO or

~ ~

r(;j2.7 Read the extract from a novel by Amy Tan and

answ er the questions

1 W h at persuaded Vincent to let his s i ster join in t h e chess

game?

2 How do yo u think Vincent felt about hi s s ist er? Why?

needs in th e e nd ga m e?

:) W h at did s h e d ec ide was the power of c he ss?

the game!

:l e untangled

_et m e! Let me!' I begged between games when one brother

- '" ) h er annoyed, unable to let go of the outcome Vincent at

~.- er s as replacements for the buttons that filled in for the

er could eat both

: 2S f or the steamed dumplings that would be our dinner that

: "1i g hts, two castles, and eight pawns The pawns can only

- : :: fo rw ard one step, except on the first move Then they can

-: = w o But they can only take men by moving crossways like

~ exc ept at the beginning, when you can move ahead and

= ano t her pawn.'

- _ -= st e ps?'

=-=cau se they're pawns,' he said

=-.= w h y do they go crossways to take other men Why aren't

7-= any women and children?'

~ i s the sky blue? Why must you always ask stupid

=-:::'on s? ' asked Vincent 'This is a game These are the rules I

: m a ke them up See Here In the book.' He jabbed a page

- " o aw n in his hand 'Pawn P-A-W-N Pawn Read it

-;;elf '

=: _ nd out about all the whys later I read the rules and

",:J u p all the big words in a dictionary I borrowed books

=,,'1 ed about opening moves and why it's important to

, ' s s traight down the middle I learned about the middle

- = ,nd w hy tactics between two ~adversaries are like

ort

clashing ideas; the one who plays better has the clearest plans for attacking and getting out of traps I learned why it is essential in the endgame to have foresight, a mathematical understanding of all possible moves, and patience; all weaknesses and advantages become evident to a strong adversary and are obscured to a tiring ~opponent I discovered that for the whole game one must gather invisible strengths and

see the endgame before the game begins

I also found out why I should never reveal 'why' to others A little knowledge withheld is a great advantage one should store for future use That is the power of chess It is a game of secrets

in which one must show and never tell

I loved the secrets I found within the 64 black and white squares I carefully drew a handmade chessboard and pinned it

to the wall next to my bed, where at night I would stare for hours at imaginary battles Soon I no longer lost any games or

Life Savers, but I lost my adversaries Winston and Vincent decided they were more interested in roaming the streets after school in their +Hopalong Cassidy cowboy hats

* Life Saver = kind of sweet that looks like a lifebelt from a boat

~ adversary/opponent = the person you are against in a situation

+ Hopalong Cassidy = a popular fictional co w boy

Amy Tan, Joy Luck Club

Your reactions

2 Do you lik e ga m es which rel y on s trat egy, s uch as c hes s,

lik e th ese?

4 Do you think ga m es of stra t egy ca n h e lp yo u in other

a r eas of your lif e!

Let's revise units 1 and 2

2 When people see Andy for the first time, they think / are

thinking h 's David Beckham

3 Jim i s needing to / needs to practise if he wants to win

the tennis tournament

4 Why isn't Greg at the party?

He' s doing / does his homework

5 Rob is always complaining / always complains about his

job He should do something about it

6 Mark prefers / i s preferring to play football to basketball

7 Who does this mobile phone belong to / is this mobile

phone belonging to ?

8 More and more people become / are becoming

dependent on the Internet for their shopping

2 Correct the mistakes in the answers

1 Do you want to go to university?

Yes, but I can pass my exams first

2 Is it true that Peter broke his leg?

Yes, he doesn't have to windsurf for three months

3 Can I smoke in here?

No, you don't have to smoke in the waiting room

4 Did you enjoy going camping?

Not really I must get up at six every morning

5 Do you need to make a phone call?

Yes, I do Can't I borrow your mobile phone?

6 I've got earache

You should to go to the doctor's

3 Choose the best answer, a, b or c, to fill in the gaps

1 a waking up b is wake up c wake up

2 a feel b feels c were feeling

3 a didn't know b aren't knowing c don't know

4 a is recovering b recovers c has recovered

5 a contact b contacting c to contact

7 a a re sitti ng b was sitting c sits

9 a could b can c can't

10 a see b am seeing c sees

11 a am thinking b thi nks c think

12 a tries b are tryi ng c to try

13 a may not b couldn't c might not

14 a am knowing b can know c know

15 a is retu rn i ng b returns c returned

16 a have to b may be c might

3 these people

This is what happened to 38-year-old Pam Halliday

At the moment, Pam 4 from a bad car accident which has caused damage to her long-term and short-term memory When she woke up Pam wanted 5 her parents, but both her parents had died several years before In fact, she has completely lost the last 15 years from her memory For example, she 6 remember marrying her husband, who 7 by her bed every day The last thing Pam 8 remember was working in a hotel as a waitress when she was 23 years old

'When I asked for my parents someone told me they were dead,' says Pam 'I thought, "That

9 be true" It was an awful experience I'm horrified when I 10 myself in a mirror,' she adds 'I 11 of myself as a 23- year-old and can't believe I look so old.'

Friends and family 12 to reconstruct Pam's past for her 'I have seen photographs of my family - thousands of photographs - at first I

13 recognise the people,' says Pam 'But

now I 14 who is who.' Pam's doctor is optimistic 'There are signs that Pam's memory 15 " he says 'Over the next few years she 16 regain the majority of her past experiences.'

'Thankfully, my husband Simon 17

-very supportive,' says Pam 'When I 18 to him talk about things, I feel happy.'

ocabulary

friendly customs nationalistic culture

fasci nati ng independent identity

~o pl e who go to Scotland love it It is a 1 p l ace It

_' "1e of the wildest scenery in Britain, with lakes (lochs), mountains

pty beaches It also provides a 2 welcome for

pe o ple are strongly 3 and proud of their country

• 'la y ), language and music They see themselves as being different

ei r s outhern neighbours Indeed , it is a different country

~ an d ha s always been more 6 of England than

_ For e xample, the Scottish legal and education systems are different

- os e in England and Wales

= 'n de pendence may explain why Gaelic , the original language of

- d is not so important to the Scottish sense of 7 as

e sh la nguage is to the Welsh In Wales, people want to speak their

''1g ua g e, too, whereas in Scotland they don ' t

ewrite the sentences replacing the underlined word with

a phrasal verb with up or off

aria was surprised how her mother tolerated her

brother's bad behaviour

~ England, Scotland and Wales form Great Britain

3 Brian's father spent years developing the family

business

.j 1ark offered to drop Pam off a the station

:i Sue left for the airport early, because she wanted to miss

3 Paul has an excellent m _ for names and faces

4 When Nicky meets someone for the first time, she feels

7 Put the word in brackets in the correct form

1 When the witness made a positive _ _ _

(identify), the criminal was arrested

2 It's difficult to have a (converse) with Rob

He's so shy

3 The actor's (perform) had good reviews in

all the national papers

4 The (construct) of the new bridge over

the River Thames took two years

5 Karen completed her university (apply)

form and sent it off

6 The Red Cross is a charitable _ _ _ (organise) which helps people around the world

7 Many people agree that capital _ (punish)

\

Quiclcquiz

1 What do you know about nutrition?

1 Which of the following are good for your bones)

a chicken b sardines c poppy seeds

2 Which food has the most vitamin C?

a red peppers b kiwi fruit c oranges

3 Which do you need most of for a healthy diet?

a protein b fat c carbohydrate

4 If you are tired, which of the following is best to

increase your energy level?

a chocolate b bananas c coffee

2 Give examples of these different kinds of food

• meat herbs fruits berries crops junk food

Reading

3 Read the article Too big for our boots Time yourself How

long did it take you? _ _ _

Scanning

This means reading through a text quickly and stopping

when you find the information you are looking for when

answering questions This helps you to ignore what is less

important in the text

4 Scan the text and answer these questions

1 What are human beings returning to?

2 What effect did the invention of agriculture have on the

diet of the human race?

3 What effect has climate had on human development?

4 According to some experts, what might happen to people

in future? (There are two possible answers.)

Summarising

A summary sentence picks up the main idea of the whole paragraph Read the whole paragraph before deciding which sentence is an accurate summary

5 Read the article again and decide which sentence, a or b,

is the best summary of paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 4

1 a Humans are now becoming taller

b Humans are returning to the height they were long ago

2 a Our ancestors had a healthier, more varied diet

b Our ancestors were never short of food

3 a Agriculture provided humans with more than enough food

b Agriculture affected the way human beings developed

4 a Humans change their size and shape according to thei r envi ron ment

b Global warming may have an effect on the development of humans

6 Now write a sentence summarising paragraph 5

a a lazy person who sits a lot

b relatives who lived before us

c people in general

d relatives who will live after us

e people who collected and hunted their own food

It eading

- Every ten years, the height of the average person in

Europe increases by 13 millimetres Every year, more

and more big people are born However, we are not

becoming taller than we've ever been before In fact,

'\ye are really only just becoming as tall as we were

thousands of years ago

height, it is necessary to look back on our history - to

Paleolithic times For most of our past, our ancestors

: ot their food from a wide variety of sources: while

women were gathering herbs, fruits and berries, men

were killing wild animals One study found that these

'hunter-gatherers' used to have a diet of 85 different

plants

2 ,Then, about 9,000 years ago, agriculture was invented

- with disastrous results Most of our planet's forests

and natural green places were taken over by farmers

This meant that instead of living off many plants just

three - wheat, rice and maize - became the staple diet

_ of the human race This left us smaller and less

healthy Still, agriculture spread because a piece of

farmland could support ten times more people than

land used by hunter-gatherers

During the last ice age, which ended 10,000 years ago,

'" eople were slightly rounder and taller - an answer to

the cold Larger, round bodies are better at keeping in

the heat! When our climate began to get hotter, we

appear to have become slightly thinner and smaller As

glo al warming begins to take effect, we may shrink

_ even further Mankind's future could be that of a

couch potato, a lazy creature, with a taste for far too

much junk food, comfortable sofas and home

entertainment Some scientists say that not enough

exercise will result in humans developing smaller

:E skeletons and bodies which are too fat

On the other hand, there is some hope Nowadays, in

Europe, America and Japan, diets are beginning to be

\\'hat they were before As a result, heights in some

countries are increasing The question is, where will it

- all end? Will we continue to grow upwards or

a coming together 6 support (line 22)

b storing

c collecting

3 living off (line 18)

a eats as main food

b eating what one produces 7

c moving away from one's home

4 staple (diet) (line 19)

c provide with the

necessities for life developing (line 34)

a growing gradually

b becoming greater

c expanding

9 Complete the sentences using these prepositions

• with for on • off • to • in

1 When I look back _ _ _ _ _ my childhood, always

feel happy

2 Eating too much junk food can result _ _ _ _ _ people becoming overweight

3 We can be healthier by adding more fresh fruit and

4 These shoes are too big _ _ _ _ _ me

5 It is difficult to come to terms _ _ _ _ _ losing the

What other problems does a poor diet cause?

Do you think it is safe to eat food produced using chemicals? How can we make sure that we have a healthy diet?

W

'lilt

§

The past - narrative tenses

Today, the Loch Ness monster is famous round the world, but not many people realise that the

stories about it started as long ago as AD 565 The

first report described how St Columba, a monk,

punished Scotland's most famous monster after it had

attacked a man

The story took place when Columba was living at

Fort Augustus at the southern end of the loch One day

Columba asked one of his monks to swim across the

loch and fetch a boat The monk had heard people in

the village talk about the monster but he wasn't

frightened It was a good day for a swim Although it

was very cold, the sun was shining and the water was

calm However, as he was crossing the loch he

suddenly saw a strange creature It was huge and had a

long neck He had not seen anything like it before It

was swimming not far away but didn't seem to notice

the monk at first A few minutes later, it suddenly

stopped and looked at the swimmer Then it rushed

towards him and opened its frightful mouth in a roar

The man was terrified Columba hurried down to the

water's edge, got into a boat and rowed out into the

lake When he was near the monster, he cried out, 'Do

not touch that man! Go!' and ordered the monster not

to attack again The monster looked at Columba for a

moment, then turned and disappeared The monster

has not attacked anyone since Indeed, for many years

it was not seen in that part of the lake Of course,

nowadays no one knows if the story is true, but

reported sightings of 'Nessie' continue to this day

(>-P135 ~

Past simple, past continuous and past perfect Forms

describe look hurry swim hear see

Uses

of the following uses

Past simple

a an action which happened at a particular time:

b a series of actions which take place one after the other in the past:

Past continuous

c an action / state that continued for some time:

d describing the setting of a story:

e an action that was taking place when another action (past simple) interrupted it:

Past perfect

f an action that happened before another action:

3St Simp\e or past l.Ontinuous?

., Put the verb in brackets in the correct form of the past

si mple or past continuous

(arrive)

2 It (be) a cold winter's day The sun

(notice) a poster for the marathon

(meet) Kevin?

5 He (start) the car and

(d rive off)

(take) the car to a garage

~3St Simp\e or past perfeGt?

Read the sentence and answer the questions

Bef ore I went to India, I had read se v eral guide book s

Which event happened first? What tells you?

2 Could before I went to India be at the end of the

sentence?

P ut the verb in brackets in the correct tense

_ _ _ _ _ (get) dressed

2 After we _ _ _ _ _ (finish) shopping, we

_ _ _ _ _ (decide) to go to the museum

3 When we _ _ _ _ _ (arrive) in the town centre, we

realised we _ _ _ _ _ (leave) the map behind

_ _ _ _ _ (not fill up) the tank before leaving

5 When they _ _ _ _ _ (arrive) at the beach, it

_ _ _ _ _ (start) raining

\ ord

- fe w years ago I 1 camping with a friend in

-e Rocky Mountains in the USA People 2 us

~ o ut bears before we left, so we did all the right things

e 3 next to the tent and we cleaned our

:JO k ing equipment after we 4 our meals

=.ery night we 5 all the food in a bag and

- n g it from a tree One night, I 6 peacefully

e n I suddenly woke up because I 7 a

Let's activate ieUin9 a stor~

7 Work in small groups and make up a story about a

journey or holiday that went wrong Use the points below and one of the pictures to help you

• where you were

• who you were with

• what the weather and the place were like

• what you were doi ng

• what preparations you had made before

• what went wrong

• how you solved the problem

• how you felt at the end of the experience

Example

A f e w y e ars ag o, I went t o Lak e Ma m r y on a saili n g h o lid a y

I went with my cou s i n s

8 Write the story

strange noise My heart started beating fast It was a bear and it 8 to reach the food in the bag! I didn't know what to do, so I 9 to wake my friend, but he wasn't there 10 the bear -~ 7 :11'

my friend? I slowly 11 outside

bear My friend had got hungry in the middle

so he 12 the tree to try and Unfortunately, he had got stuck!

- - - -

-Let's practise grammar

'Past simp\e sPe.\\in9

1 What is the past simple of these verbs? Put them in the

right column according to their past simple ending

• realise start describe attack live

• sh i ne cross stop hurry try see

swim fetch know

'Past simp\e or past £.ontinuous?

2 Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense

1 When the teacher (talk) about her

weekend, someone (ask) her a question

2 Tom (walk) down the street when he

_ _ _ _ _ (see) jane

3 Mike (not work) when Tina

_ _ _ _ _ (arrive) He (watch) TV

4 Clare (look) different when I

_ _ _ _ _ (meet) her at the party

5 The supermodel (fall over) as she

_ _ _ _ _ (walk) along the catwalk

6 While they (climb) the mountain, it

_ _ _ _ _ (begin) to snow

7 We (drive) to London when we

_ _ _ (have) an accident

8 (swim) in the lake when I _ _ _ _ _

(get) a pain in my leg

2 We went to Chile We went to Brazil first (after)

3 I never did anything like white-water rafting I decided to

try it (so)

4 We didn't see each other for a long time We met for a

drink (when)

5 We walked for many miles We saw the village (when)

6 Sarah knew the road very well She travelled that way

many times (so)

'Past simp\e., past £.ontinuous or past pe.rfe.£.t?

4 Complete the text using these verbs in the correct tense

walk notice put on • live meet cross go

• stop blow not see scream rain

ne winter evening many years ago, I

O was in London 1 1 In a

small village at the time, but I

~ h-a-d-a-m-e-e-t-Ing After the meeting, I had a

couple of hours before my train left It d I

and it was cold and Win y, so

3 - - - I I 4 _ down was feeling mlserab e -

Oxford Street when quite by chance I

5 an old friend We 6

-h ot-her for years, so we decided to go for a

~~~ee She seemed very different and her hair much darker than I remembered We

was the road when suddenly there

7 f 'nd My friend

was a strong gust 0 WI h

and started to run down t e

road The traffiC ' ntil I understand what was happening u b dl The

10 a strange black furry un e

it down the street and my

friend was chasing it It was her hair - a ;I~as

actually She's an actress you see, and s e

on her way to a rehearsal and she

the wig an hour earlier to get

1 2 _

-used to it

5 Correct the mistakes in these sentences

1 When they were playing tennis, it was beginning to rain

2 Tom wasn't knowing that he was being followed

3 When I lived in Hollywood I was sometimes seeing

famous actors

4 Paul was cooking dinner when the fire was starting

5 I drove past the bank when I was seeing the robbery

6 When Sue walked down the street, she was hearing someone call her name

1

Ex tension

?ast simple and prepositions of time

Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense Fill in the

Tuesday Her train was due to arrive _ _ _ _ _

~, when and while (> P135 )

b As I was closing the door, I dropped my keys

c The phone rang while I was sleeping

d I was reading a book when Jack arrived

e While Sarah was swimming, Tom went for a walk

homework

1 As can mean when or becau se

Underline the correct words to complete the sentences

2 As / When we listened, we began to feel frightened

3 While / When I looked at the hitchhiker, I saw he was

holding a gun

4 The hitchhiker was telling us where to go as / when we

saw a police car

=> The police car followed us as / while we were driving too

fast

6 It finally caught up with us while / when we ran out of

petrol

1be ri9ht 'IIord

9 Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense

CInema

more people 2 (want) to see the moving pIctures Louis and Auguste LUnUere directed this first

silent picture

While the LUnUere brothers 3 (make)

famous science-fiction novel The Time Machine It was

the first novel about time travel and it 5

-(become) an instant best-seller In the book, a Victorian

scientist used a machine he 6 ( )

1l1vent to

travel to 1917, 1940, 1966 and 802701! Although Wells

7 (complete) the book in 1895, it wasn't made into a film until the 1960s When it

8 _ _ _ _ _

(come out), audiences 9 _ _ _ _ _

(rush) to see it

Thirty years after The Time Machine, other time

travellers 10 (begin) to appear at the

C1l1ema In 1990, while Michael J Fox 11 _ _ _ _ _

Schwarzenegger 12 (search) for his past in

Total Recall Both fums were box office hits, and both

13 (use) special effects to create the

Reliving the past

Histo,-yquiz

1 Describe what you can see in the pictures What

period in history do they show?

2 How much do you know about this period? Talk to a

partner about:

• what language the people spoke

• what the people were like

• what everyday life was like

• what kind of things the people built

• what kind of entertainment they enjoyed

po ta\\(

4 ~3.2 Listen and decide if these statements are true

or false

1 Jeff has always done work connected with history

2 Jeff took time off from his job to study Roman history

3 Jeff got somebody else to make his Roman clothes and weapons

4 Jeffs original idea was to work mostly with tourists

5 Jeffs talk helps people to understand why the Roman empire was so large

6 Jeff has a special small-sized uniform for school children

to try on

5 ~3.2 Now listen to part of the talk again and number the events in the order in which you hear them beginning with 1 and ending with 6

a D Jeff paid to have special outfits made for his job

b D Jeff began to give talks to students

c D Jeff left his job to set up in business on his own

d D Jeff started to advertise for customers locally

e D Jeff developed his interest in history while working in

a museum

D Jeff had various jobs before he became a tour guide

"Pronunc.iation

6 ~3.3 Look at the words in bold Are the vowel sounds

of the other words the same? Which are different? Listen and check your answers

8 clothes cloth both

S peaking

?nrasa\ verbs ~ith taICe and 9ive

, Answer the questions with a partner

1 What took off when Jeff worked in the museum?

2 What other things take off?

3 What sorts of things can you take alP

4 What did Jeff give up?

5 What other things do people often give up?

6 What do children try on during Jeff's talk7

7 What other things can you try on?

8 Complete the sentences using take off, give up or try on in

the correct form

It ' s always a good idea to shoes before

buying them

2 I don't think my uncle will ever be able to

_ _ _ _ _ smoking

3 The plane _ _ _ _ _ late because of the storm

4 After several months of hard work, Simon's computer

company really _ _ _ _ _

5 After an hour, he waiting for the train

and took a taxi

Sr-pressions

9 ~3.4 Listen and answer the questions

1 What does Jeff mean when he says:

I felt I could make a living out of bringing the Romans to

Pam Maybe, but 2 physically

3 difficult than today

Marty But there 4 _ _ _ _ _ pressure

_ _ _ _ _ there is in the modern world and there 6 _ _ _ _ _ things to worry about

Great ""aIls

In 55BC, the Romans 1 _ Britain

and occupied most of the country for

around 300 years But they never

and most of Scotland remained outside

people in Scotland, so life near the

border was not very safe In AD122, the

the north of England from the east to

the west coast: a total of 117

is still a lot left to see Nearby you can

Housesteads

Studying the sample

2 :~~~eth: description o~ the left about one of these walls

factfil~ ig S :~r~nrge~hde' wr.lte the missi~g information in the

mlssmg words m 1-6

1 Who built:it~:

-2 Why it was built:

3 When it was built:

4 Length of wall:

5 What you can see today:

3 Read the description again and choose the best

b, cor d, to fill gaps 1-6 in the talk answer, a

Steps to better writi ng

The definite artide ( > P136 )

We use the indefinite article when we refer to something for

the first time and the definite article when we mention it

again, e.g Today we are going to see a very famous wall The

Romans built the wall in Ao122

4 Read the rules for using the definite article, the Then

decide which of the places a-h needs a definite article

• We use the when there is only one of something, for

example the Roman Empire, the 18th century

• We do not use the with eau ntries except when they have

the words States, Kingdom or Republic in their name

• We use the with named geographical features e.g the

Black Sea, the River Thames , except the name of

small groups, decide on the places to be included

1'\annin9

• When was it bu i It?

• What was life like then?

• What famous events are associated with it?

• What is it used for;

Writin9 and c.hu\(in9

• given a brief history of the place

• explained why the place is important

• described everyday life in the place

• thought of ways of making your description interesting, e.g by including a map, poster or pictures