Phat tinh Trong quan nidm Phat giao, con ngudi la chu nhin ciia mgi hanh vi cua chinh ban than minh d d qui khfl, hidn tai va vj lai, la vj Thfle^ng de duy nhit toln quydn thudng, phat c
Trang 1Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao NGHIEN CCrU TRAO DOI
Ban ve tri tue trong dao Phat
LUU THi QUYET THANG
• ^ v flc Phat day ring: 'Tri tue Id sii
^W^ "8hiep", chflng ta cung bidt ring, Iri
^^^ lud chan chinh chi dugc phat suih
trong qua trinh van diing chinh kid'n va chinh
tu duy ciia mdi con ngudi Hidn nay, vdi sfl
phat tridn vugt blc ciia khoa hgc, cung vdi tu
tudng tid'n hoa cua rihin loai, nhiing tu tudng
phi ly, lac hau, phan khoa hgc ddu phai tu
dao thai The ma Phat giao vln tdn tai 25 the
ky, dieu dd chflng minh rang, Phat giao cd
sfle sd'ng manh Udt, bat ngudn tfl mdt gia trj
tinh thin phong phu Tinh thin ly chinh la su
the hidn giao phap trong ddi sd'ng con ngudi
1 Phat tinh
Trong quan nidm Phat giao, con ngudi la
chu nhin ciia mgi hanh vi cua chinh ban than
minh d d qui khfl, hidn tai va vj lai, la vj
Thfle^ng de duy nhit toln quydn thudng, phat
cho chinh euge ddi minh; ngoli minh ra,
khdng bit cfl ai, hoac thin Unh nao khac, cd
kha nang dfla minh ldn thidn dang, hay viit
minh xud'ng dja ngtie
Dfle Phll day:
"Chi cd ta ldm dieu tgi ldi,
Chi cd ta ldm ta d nhiim,
Chi cd ta trdnh dieu tgi ldi,
Chi cd ta got rda cho ta
Trong sach hay d nhiim la tu nai ta,
Khdng ai cd the ldm cho ngudi khac
trong sach "'"
Dfle Phat da tuydn bd: 'Tdt cd cluing
sinh deu cd khd ndng thdnh Phdt" Trong
ljch su lien boa cua nhan loai, tfl so khai cho
den hdm nay, phat minh khoa hgc cung
nhifng thanh qua vinh quang ciia rid da dua
nhan loai ddn tbdi ky vIng son ciia tdi tan
hien dai, do tfl kha nang khdi dc ciia con
ngudi Du vay, theo phan tich ciia Phat gilo,
kha nang dd chi la gieii han mdt phin cua tri
Tinh xa Trung tam, TR Hd Chi Minh
Anh: Vo VSn Tudng
tue, hay ndi mdt d c h khac, con ngudi cua khoa hgc chi mdi van dung dugc d i tri sarig the gian cua minh, chua phai la tri lud ciia mdi con ngudi, nhu Due Phat da chi rd trong Gilo dien Thuat ngfl dd tam ggi la Tri tue Bat nha vl chinh trf lud ly mdi la chia khoa vang duy nhit dd md d n h cfla vd minh cua Nidi Bin tjnh llnh
Tdm lai, ddi vdi Phat giao, con ngudi vd'n
11 mdt chflng smh uu viet, cd rlt nhidu lidm nang phi thudng; ndu chflng la kheo trien khai lhi khdng gi khong thirc hidn dugc trdn cdi ddi nay Nhu vay, chflng ta cd the ndi ring, Phat giao la Phat giao ciia con ngudi, xult phat lfl Dfle Phat thfch Ca, Ngai 11 ding Giac ngg, nhung Ngai la mdt con ngudi; ngiii
Trang 2NGHIEN CQU TRAO DOI Tap Chi Cong tac Ton giao
da d t lidng ndi va cd mdt ddi sdng r& ngudi,
vi con ngfldi ma khai thi chan ly, hfleing din
con ngfldi ddn ddi sdng that sii an vui
Theo Fhai giao, mgi sai bidl trdn thd gidi
nay ddu luy thudc vao d c nhan duydn ml
sinh khdi; cflng vay, sii khac nhau vd dia vi,
hoan d n h giau sang hay ngheo khd, ngu ddt
hoac thdng mirth,., tit ca hoan loan do hanh
vi lao tac cua mdi con ngudi, chfl khdng phai
do III nhidn hay dflex sip dat theo bit ky meSi
thdng Id hay mdt quy dinh nao Vi dti: con
ngudi tan pha riing, gay d nhidm mdi trudng,
pha buy sinh thai,., khidn cho trai dlt ndng
Idn, gay ra ban ban, lu lut, Id nui, sdng than,
thung ting dzdn, gay ra bidl bao nhidu lai
hga trd lai cho con ngudi
Trai qua han 2.500 nam, dao Phat da
dugc thfl thich vdi thdi gian va khdng gian;
gia tri tac diing cua dao Riai vln nhu xua
Ngay nay, trudc tid'n bei van minh vat chll
qui dd da xd dly con ngudi vao hd thim cua
tham vgng, ban thfl Chid'n tranh vln didn ra
khde Udt trdn thd gidi, ngheo ddi, bdnh tat,
thidn lai vln de dga ddi sdng cua nhan loai
Cang van minh, con ngudi cang cd nhidu ndi
lo ling, sg hai meii Nan cd bac, say nie^u,
nghidn ngap, nan gay d nhidm mdi inidng,
huy didt sinh thai, ap luc kinh id-xa hdi de
nang ldn trdn tam tri cfla con ngudi, lao ndn
flc chd vd tam ly, bang hoa* vd dao dfle, lam
mat thang blng giua dao dfle va hudng thu
Dao Phat vdi con dudng ihoal khd thidl thuc
nhan ban, vdi phuang cham lfl bi hy xa, xoa
bd chap thu, ban thu, se lidp ttic sfl mdnh hoi
giai khd dau cho nhan loai
Phat giao quan nidm ring, ill ca mgi
chung sinh lfl con ngudi cho ddn d c loli cdn
trimg, ddu lidm In mdt kha nang phi thudng
nhu nhau, dd la kha nang thanh Phat (cd Riat
tinh) Nhflng do d c dac llnh cd hflu mdi loli,
vide tridn khai kha nang I'y khd dd, nhanh
cham khac nhau Dfle Phat day: 'Ta Id Phiit
dd thdnh, chung sinh la Phat se thdnh "
Nha vai ly hgc Albel Einsteins cho ring:
"Tdn giao cua tuong lai la tdn gilo cua loan
clu, vugt ldn mgi thin Unh, giao didu va thin hex Tdn giao ly phai bao quit ca phuong didn HI nhidn, lln sidu nhidn, dat trdn can ban
y thflc dao ly xult phat tfl kinh nghidm tdng thd gdm mgi phuong chdn trdn, trong d i nhll thd dly y nghia Chi cd dao Phai dap flng du
d c didu kidn ly"
2 Thirc hanh Phat tinh la con diromg giai thoat
Dao Riai la con dudng do Dfle Riai tuydn
bd, truydn dai; con dfldng ly da dugc ihiic nghidm, thtic chflng Vay cd thd ndi rang, dao Riat II phuang thflc sd'ng, le sdng, Idi sd'ng dd cd dugc hanh phuc chan thuc
Dfle Riat day: Ngudi dat dugc sii thanh tjnh, an lac la ngudi khi cd didu khdng vui, lo
au sg hai lhi khdng bi chung chi phdi, Ilm cho vueing ban; khdng bi chi phdi, vudng ban vdi d i tu duy tham due, san han va ac y Dd cung la ngudi dat dugc mdt trang thai tam dinh nhu so thidn cho dd'n lfl thidn, theo Idi Kinh Riap cfl day "Khdng cd hanh phuc nIo Idn blng su ydn llnh cua tam trf'
Dat dugc giai iholl-Nidl ban, day la mtic dfch ldi hau cua mgi phai tfl, nd chirn dtit mgi elau khd, iholl ly sinh lfl luan hdi, thanh lim tri lud vidn man Ndi khd that su lau dai chfnh la vd minh; nidm hanh phflc chan thtrc
11 vinh cim, 11 sti chIrn dflt vd minh, dd la
dao bi ngan, la "Vd minh diet minh sinh "
Phai ndi:
"Diing tim ve qud khd Didig tuang tdi tuang lai Qud khd dd khdng cdn Tuang lai thi chua ldi Hay qudn chieu sd sdng Trong gid phdt hien tgi" "' Dfle Fhai 6ay:"Cuoc dai la vd thddng, nen nd detn de'n dau khd (vi chdp Id thudng) Cdi vd thudng md ta cho Id cm ta Id ta thi hodn todn khdng hgp lf\ Giai iholl la vueat
iholl mgi ring bucSc bam vfu vao cueSc ddi Riidn nao la nggn lua ludn ludn fl nglm
vl bdc chly trong con ngudi chung ta bit cfl
Trang 3Tap Chi Cong tac Ton giao NGHIEN CQU TRAO DOI
luc nIọ Nd c6 cdng nang thidu đt mgi hanh
llnh, mgi cdng dfle ma chiing ta da laọ Tfl
tap 11 nham tflng budc doan trfl phidn nao
(tham, san, si, man, nghi, ac kidn, ) Vay thi
l^y gi đ doan iriir phidn naỏ Dd la tri tud
Tri tud chii chfla long Tfl, Bi, Hy, Xa, Chinh
dinh va Chinh ld€n Phat giao chi sfl dung
mdt luoi guom la guc»m tri tud va chi cdng
nhan mdt ke thu la vd minh Day la mdt
minh chflng hi&i ihilc va sdng đng, chfl
khdng phai la ldi ndi sudng Dao Phat dat sil
hidu bidt bang thuc nghidm ldn trdn hidu qua
sach vd va suy nghị Phat giao xay dung
cudc sdng an lac, hanh phuc blng tri tud, chfl
khdng phai blng dfle tin Dfle tin đi vdi
Phat giao chi la phuong tidn budc diu, trong
tidn trinh di đ'n giac ngd Cdt tuy cua dao
Phat 11 vaỵ
Trong kinh Di giao, Dfle Phat day: "Ndy
cdc ty khieu, neu ngUdi co tri tue thi khdng cd
tham truac, thudng tu tinh gidc, khdng de
sinh ra tgi iSị The Id trong phdp cda ta cd su
gidi thoat Ngudi co tri tue chdn that, dy Id
chiíc thuyen chdc vugt qua bien gid, benh,
chet; cdng Id nggn den chieu sdng cdnh tdi
tdm mđm; Id cdc mon thudc hay tri cac thd
benh; Id ludi bua ben chdl dia cay phien ndọ
Thénen cdc ong phdi dUng tue: Vdn, Tu, Tu
md tu ldm cho them phdn lgi kh Neu ngudi
CO tri tue chiiu soi, đ cho nhuc nhd lhi cdng
Id ngudi thdy dugc ro rang "
Gilo ly Dfle Phat thuydt giang tuy bao la
tfl nhan sinh đn vu tru, nhflng ttni trung vln
xoay quanh vlh đ con ngudị Lly con ngudi
lam đi tugng quan chidu đ thly dugc vu tm
van huụ D6 cung chmh la y nghia cao ca ma
Diflc Phat nhlm đfn khi mudn giac ngd
chung sinh Miic dich cua dao Phat la giai
t h d t vl gilc ngd, ma chi cd tri tud mdi la
phucmg tidn duy nhit dfla loai ngfldi đn bd
Giai tholt vl Gilc ngd Do vay, vai trd cua
ngudi cd tri vl vai uti cua m' tud, chidm cfl vj
fli then chdt trong mgi ldi day cua Dfle Phat
Chung la cd thd ndi: dao Phat 11 dao cua
ngu&i c6 tri, 11 dao cua tud giac đ tim cho
dugc djnh nghia thoa dang cho dao Phat
3 Tri tue va tri thirc Trudc hdt chflng la ndn phan bidl gifla ngfldi cd tri thflc nhu d c h hidu thdng thudng v l ngudi cd tri lud nhu dao Phat thudng djnh nghiạ
Ngudi cd tri thdc II ngudi cd thd cd kidn
thflc uydn bac vd mdt vah đ, cd thd phan tfch trinh biy vlh đ ly mcit d c h khflc triel
va tridl đ, nhung II ngudi chi cd bidl chfl khdng cd hanh va đi vdi vlh đ ly, ngudi tri thflc cd thd bj chi phdi, khdng dflgc tu lai, hidu mgu gdm cd nhifng chll lidu gi, tac d<!ing cua rugu đn vdi co thd nhu thd naọ Ngudi áy ggi la ngudi cd tri thflc vd mgu, nhimg ngudi ly udng rugu vln bi say mgu, vln bj rue;ni chi phdị Nhu vay, ngudi ly chua cd tri lud vd rugụ
Trai lai, ngudi hidu rd dugc mgu 11 gi, bidt
rd dugc sti nguy hai cua mgu, lai cd kha nang khdng bj mgu chi phdi, khdng ud'ng mêu, khdng nghidn mgu, khdng say mgu, vugt khdi su chi phdi cua mệ Nhu vay ngudi ly dugc xem la ngudi cd tri tud vd mêụ
Cd ngudi hdi, ndu cd ngudi khdng cd tri thflc vd mgu, nhung khdng ud'ng mgu, ngudi
ly dugc xem 11 ngudi cd tri tud khdng? Lc dl nhidn 11 khdng Ngudi ly vln hueing dugc
nhflng lgi fch do khdng udng rugu dua đ'n,
nhu khdng say mgu, khdng nghidn rugu do cfl chi khdng ud'ng rugu cua minh Nhung rlt
cd thd trong meSt tmdng hcfp dac bidl nao đ,
vi thidu kha nang đi trj vdi su d m đ cua mou, ngudi áy bit diu udng mgu di đn say
rugu va nghidn rugụ
4 The nao la nguoi c6 tri tue Vdi su phan bidt nay, chting la meii hidu dinh nghia ngudi cd tri nhu da dugc Dfle Riat djnh nghia rat rdng rai trong nhiing ldi day cua ngaị Sii phan bidt nay giup chung la nhan dinh hai hang ngudi Irong nhflng phat ni: Mdt hang ngudi rlt uydn bac trong dao Phat, hidu bidl vd kinh didn rll nhidu, nhung vln khdng duex la ngudi cd tri lud Hang ngudi nay cd rll nhidu trong d c hex gia
Trang 4NGHliN CQU TRAO DOI Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao
thuIn tuy nghidn cflu dao Phat, uydn tham
trong ba tang giao didn, ca ba tang nguydn
thuy va ba tang phat tridn, nhtmg chi cd
nghidn cuu chfl khdng cd hanh tn, chi ndi
hanh thidn gidi nhflng khdng hanh Ihidn, tiinh
bay hay vd didu dung cua tri md, nhung
khdng phat tridn tri tud; nhfl vay cung chita
dugc ggi la cd tri tud Vi du, khi Dfle Riat cdn
tai thd, Ngai Anan thfldng hlu can Thd' Tdn,
thly a'y rlt thdng mmh, gin gifl kho tang
chinh phap dly du, nhung vln cdn d dia vi
hifu hgc (cIn phai hex), cdn bi tham ai, san,
han, si md va sg hai chi phdi E)o dd, khi Phat
nhap n i a ban, Ngai Ca Didp la Td thfl nhit
ciing d c dai ty kheo thdng nhit se kdl tap
kinh tang, da tim 499 vi La Hin, cdn thidu
mdt vi thi du 500 vi, d c ty khidu ddu tan
ddng mdi thly Anan, rihflng Tdn gia Ca Didp
bao: "Anan cdn d dja vi d n phai hgc (huu
hgc), cdn bj tham ai, san, ban, si md, sg hai
chi phdi, khdng ndn cho tham du" Mdt ty
kheo ngudi xfl Bat Ky ngdi thidn q d n chidu
thly Anan cdn d bac hihi hex lidn ddn va dgc
ldn bli kd:
"Ngdi dudi chd cay vang
Tdm hudng de'n Nie't bdn
Thien dinh chd phdng ddt
Ndi nhieu cd ich chi? "
Anan nghe kd, bidt vide Ca Didp khdng
cho minh tham du kdl tap kinh tang, ndn ca
ddm ddu sidng nang di kinh hanh, mong clu
dugc giai thoat, nhung vln chua dai dugc
Dd'n Iflc nfla ddm, than binh mdi mdt cflc dd,
Thly dinh nam nghi mdt chflt, Udn nghidng
diu xud'ng gd'i, khi diu vfla chim gdi thi
bdng dung hdi lau hoac Cac ty khidu bidt thd
lidn thua vdi Ca didp: ddm qua Anan da dugc
giai thoat, ndn cho thly vao sd ngudi kdt tap
kinh tang, Ca Did'p lidn cha'p thuan dd nghi
Bly gid 500 vi La Han ddn thanh Vuong Xa
md beSi nghi kdl tip kinh lang va cfl Tdn gia
Anan kdl tap kinh lang, Tdn gia Uu Ba Ly kdl
tap luat tang Tfl dd, mdi cd d c Bd Dai Tang
kinh Itm tmydn dd'n nay
Mdt bang ngudi khIc, cd long tin thanh
hanh tri theo nhiing gidi d i n trong dao Phat, nhung chi c6 long tin, chua chuydn long tin thanh tri, ndn ciing khdng thd xem la ngudi
cd tri tud dugc, vi ngudi a'y vln cd kha nang
bi tham, sin, si chi phdi; va do vay, chua dugc xem la ngudi co tri tud
Ngudi cd tri dugc Dfle Phat didn ta nhu mdt thfl luong tri, giup chung ta phan bidt chinh ta, thidn ac, tinh udf, lac khd, thing lidt Didu quan trgng tri tud d day khdng cdn la mdt dac tinh hy hthi, cd mdt khdng hai, ma trd thanh nhu mdt thfl lucmg tri ludn ludn cd mat trong chflng ta, tac ddng nhu mdt nggn den soi sang chflng ta bidt phan bidt chgn lua giua thidn va ac, gifla chmh vdi ta, khid'n chflng ta cd thd tu hudng din minh tidn ddh
an lac va giai thoat Didu dung nay duex Dfle Phat kheo leo didn ta dac tinh, nhiing thai dd, nhiing vide lam cua hai hang ngudi, duex ggi
la ke ngu va ngudi tri
Mdt phan bidt td'nhi nfla la, ngudi cd tri
ua thfch im lang nhu bidn ldn khdng sdng gid, nhu d i gi dly Iran, nhu ao dly nudc, cdn ke ngu thi dn ao nhu khe nfli, nhu d i gi trdng rdng
Trong kinh Phap cu, Phat day:
"Ngudi ngu si thie'u tri Chuyen ddi sdng phong ddt Ngudi tri khong phong dgt Nhu giu tai sdn qui"'^'
"Ngudi tri dep budng lung Vdi hanh khdng phdng ddt Leo lau cao tri tui
Bdc tri khong du lo Nhin chdng sinh sdu mugn Chdng khac ddng nui cao Nhin ke ngu ddt bang!"''"
D6i vdi ddi, ngudi ngu ke tri c6 thii dd
sai kblc:
"Hay den nhin ddi ndy Nhuxe vua long lay Ngiidi ngu mdi tham dam Bdt tri ndo ddm say"^^
Trang 5Tap cbi Cong tac Ton giao NGHIEN CCrU TRAO DOI
Nhidu su sai bidt giua ngudi tri, ke ngu
chi bang gang t & tidfn tdi thanh ngu, dflng
lai 11 tri:
"Ngudi ngu nghi minh ngu
Nhd vdy thdnh co tri
Ngudi ngu tuang co tri
That xdng goi tri ngu " '*•
Ndi dung ndu ro su sai khIc mdt Uidi mdt
vuc gifla ngudi ngu va ngudi trf: 'Thdnh tuu ba
phdp, ngudi ngu dugc biet den The ndo la ba?
Thdn ldm dc, mieng noi dc, y nghidc Thdnh
tm ba phdp, ngudi tri dugc biii den The ndo
Id ba? Thdn ldm thien, miing ndi thien, y nghi
thien "^ Dfle Phat ndi thdm: "Phdmco sghdi
ndo khdi lin, ndy cdc ty khiiu, tdt cd siisg hdi
dy khai lin tit ngiidi ngu, khdng phdi td ngudi
hien tri Phdm nhdng tai hga ndo khdi len, tdt
cd nhung tai hga dy khdi lin tii ngudi ngu,
khong phdi id ngudi hien iri,
Nhu vdy, ngudi ngu co sg hdi, ngudi tri
khong sghdi Ngudi ngu co nguy hiem, ngudi
tri khong co nguy hiem, ngUdi ngu co lai hga,
ngudi tri khdng co lai hog Ndy cdc ty khieu,
khdng CO sg hdi din vdi ngudi tri Khdng cd
nguy hiem din vdi ngudi iri, khdng cd lai hga
din vdi ngudi iri"
That la mdt su xlc chflng qua rd rdt vd su
sai bidt giiia ngfldi ngu va ngudi hidn tri, dudi
d i nhin cua Dfle Phat
Ngudi ngu khi gap khd thg vd than
thudng slu mudn, than van, khde leic, dap
nguc di ddh bit tinh, Cdn bac tri ddi veii khd
thg vd than thdi khdng slu mudn, khdng than
van, khdng kheic lde, khdng dap nguc, khdng
di ddn bit tinh, Dfle Phat day vi l y dugc ggi
11: "Bgc ihdnh di lUnghe nhieu dd diing tren
bd vuc ihdm, dd dgt ldi chd chdn ddng an
loan " •"
Dfle Phat day: "Ndy cdc ty khieu, bi vo
minh che day, bi iham di irdi budc, than ndy
cUa ngudi ngu dugc sinh khdi Vd minh dy
ngudi ngu khdng dogn tdn Tham di dy ngudi
ngu khdng lan trd Vi cd sao? Ndy cdc ty
khiiu ngudi ngu sdng phgm hanh khdng phdi
vi chdn chinh dogn tiin kJiddau Do vdy, ngudi ngu khi thdn hoai mgng chung di di'n thdn khac Do di din mgt thdn khac, vi dy khong ihodl khoi sinh, gia, benh, chel, sdu bi kJid lai ndo Ta ndi rang vi dy khong thoat kJid daii*\ Ndy cdc ty khieu bi vo minh che day, bi iham di trdi budc, thdn ngudi hien tri dugc sinh khai Vd minh dy ngudi hien tri dogn tan, tham di dy ngudi hien tri tan trd Vi cd sao? Ndy cdc ty khieu, ngudi hien tri sdng pham hanh vi chdn chinh dogn trd khd dau
Do vdy ngudi hien tri khi thdn hoai mgng chung, khdng di de'n mot thdn klidc, do khdng
di den mdt thdn khde, vi dy gidi thoat khdi thdn gid benh chit, sdu bi khdiai ndo Ta ndi rang vi dy thoat khdi khd dau " ""'
Lgi fch cua lud la giup cho chung ta nhin thly rd nhan sinh vl vu tru dung nhu that vdi ban chll cua chflng; dd la thly dugc duyen sinh linh, vd thudng tinh, vl vd nga tfnh qua
d c gilo ly cua Dfle Phat Do thly dugc nhu vay, ndn chung la tu tin noi minh chuyd'n md khai ngd Tri lud md cfla di dd'n tii do (tu lai),
xa Iia khd dau do chip thu, khdng thly cd la
vl HI nga cua la Tfl dd ma ihd nhap chan ly,
dd 11 chan nhu, la tud giac cua tu tam, cita ban lai didn muc, 11 Phat tfnh blng chuydn Gieii-Dinh-'Ilid 11 ba mdn hgc can ban nhal trong hd thdng gilo diic Phat giao; bdi
vi, toln h6 gilo ly Riat giao khdng nlm
ngoai pham vi gidi dinh tud Do vay, hgc phat
la hgc Djnh-TUd, lu phat la tu Gidi-Dinh-Thd
Chu thich;
(1) Kinh Ptiap cii cdu 345 (2) Kinli Trung B6 (3) Phap cu 26 (4) Phap cu 28 (5) Phap cii 7 (6) Phap cu 64 (7) Trang 113 (8).TU(JngungIV, tr212 (9) Tuong ung II tr 28 (10) Tuong ung II, tr 29 •