The building which was destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt.. He was the last person who/that left the room unlocked last night... Grammar: Relative clauses replaced by participles or
Trang 2Combine each pair of following sentences, using “ who ”,
“ which ” or “ that ”
1 The man is wearing the red tie He is my old friend.
The man who is wearing the red tie is my old friend.
2 The building was destroyed in the storm It is being rebuilt.
The building which was destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt.
3 He was the last person He left the room unlocked last night.
He was the last person who/that left the room unlocked last night.
Trang 41.The man who is wearing the red tie is my old friend.
Example:
a) Present participle:
I Grammar: Relative clauses replaced by participles or to
infinitives
1 Relative clauses replaced by participles:
The man wearing the red tie is my old friend.Who is wearing wearing
2 The dog which barks noisily is very intelligent.
The dog barking noisily is very intelligent.Which barks barking
Formula 1
Noun/Noun phrase + who/which/that + verb
(Subject)
Noun/Noun phrase + V- ING
V-ING
Trang 51 Relative clauses replaced by participles:
a) Present participle:
b) Past participle:
V-ING V- ED / V- 3
Example:
1 The building which was destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt.
Which was destroyed destroyed
2 The man who was kidnapped last night has been released.
The building destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt.
The building destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt.
Who was kidnapped kidnapped
Formula 2
Noun/Noun phrase + who/which/that + to be + V-ed/ V-3 Noun/Noun phrase + V-ed/ V-3
Trang 6Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang
1 Relative clauses replaced by participles:
2 Relative clauses replaced by to infinitives:
a) Active infinitive: To + verb
Example:
1 He was the last person who left the room unlocked last night.
He was the last person to leave the room unlocked last night.The last who left the last to leave
2 This is the only animal which survives in the forest fire.
This is the only animal to survive in the forest fire.
The only which survives the only to survive
Formula 3
The first/second/only/biggest + who/which/that + verb The first/second/only/biggest + to + verb
Trang 72 Relative clauses replaced by to infinitives:
a) Active infinitive: To + verb
a) Passive infinitive: To be + V-ed/V-3 Example:
1 This is the second novel which was written by Shakespeare.
This is the second novel to be written by Shakespeare.The second which was written the second to be written
2 He is the last man who was rescued from being drowned.
He is the last man to be rescued from being drowned.The last who was rescued the last to be rescued
Formula 4
The first/second/only/biggest + who/which/that + be + V-ed/V-3
The first/second/only/biggest + to be + V-ed/V-3
3 The sentence that I have to read is very long.
The sentence to be read is very long.
That I have to read to be read
Trang 8Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang
SUMMARY
1 Relative clauses replaced by participles:
Formula 1 Noun/Noun phrase + who/which/that +
Noun/Noun phrase + V- ING
Formula 2 Noun/Noun phrase + who/which/that + be + V-ed/ V-3
Noun/Noun phrase + V-ed/ V-3
2 Relative clauses replaced by to infinitives:
Formula 3 The first/second/only/biggest + who/which/that + verb
The first/second/only/biggest + to + verb
Formula 4
The first/second/only/biggest + who/which/that + be + V-ed/V-3
The first/second/only/biggest + to be + V-ed/V-3
Trang 9II PRACTICE
Task 1: (pair work) Use the formula 1 and formula 2 to rewrite each
of following sentences:
1 The boy who is playing football is Ben.
The boy playing football is Ben.
2 They work in the hospital which was sponsored by the
government.
They work in the hospital sponsored by the government.
3 Do you see the dog which is waving its tail?
Do you see the dog waving its tail?
4 The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood
The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.
5 Do you know the people who were kidnapped last year?
Do you know the people kidnapped last year?
Trang 10Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang
4 5
3 7
6
2 1
Trang 111 This is the last exercise that I have to do.
This is the last exercise to be done.
Trang 12Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang
2 The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.
The last person to leave the room must turn off the lights.
Trang 133 The patient that they must cure has a serious disease.
The patient to be cured has a serious disease.
Trang 14Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang
4 John is the only man who can help her to overcome all difficulties.
John is the only man to help her overcome all difficulties.
Trang 155 She is the second woman who wins the champion.
She is the second woman to win the champion.
Trang 16Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang
III CONSOLIDATION
Choose the best answer to replace the underlined part.
1 The letter that you must read is on the table.
A To read
B reading
C To be read
2 He is the man who can solve the problem easily.
A solving
B To solve C To be solved
3 The last victims who were rescued have returned home safely.
A rescued
B rescuing
C To be rescued
4 The biggest castle that was destroyed in the earthquake has been
rebuilt.
A destroyed
B To be destroyed
C to destroy
5 Do you remember the woman who danced with you yesterday?
A To dance
6 Is this the most difficult problem B dancing that they have to solve.C To be danced
A To solve
B To be solved C solving
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.B
Trang 17IV HOMEWORK
• DO THE EXERCISES IN THE HANDOUTS
AND IN THE TEXTBOOK.
• PREPARE FOR TEST YOURSELF D.
Trang 18Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang