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Trang 1Brief History of Forest Vegetation management
Before 1858: Shifting cultivation
19858 – 1945: Colony/ forest mining
1945 – 1954: Forest exploitation
1954 – 1975: Forest exploitation
Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Republic of Vietnam
After 1975:
Government forestry/ forest enterprise
Social forestry/Modern forest management
Trang 2
2
A functional unit consisting of
all the living organisms (plants,
animals, and microbes) in a
given area, and all the
non-living physical and chemical
factors of their environment,
linked together through nutrient
cycling and energy flow
An ecosystem can be of any size-a log, pond, field, forest, or the earth's biosphere-but it always functions as a whole unit
Trang 3Forest Ecosystem
Ecosystems are
commonly described
according to the
major type of
vegetation, for
example, forest
ecosystem,
old-growth ecosystem, or
range ecosystem
Forest is an Ecosystem
Trang 4Ecosystem management
“Management guided by explicit goals, executed by policies,
protocols, and practices, and made adaptable by monitoring and
research based on the best understanding of ecological
interactions and processes necessary to sustain ecosystem
composition, structure, and function over the long term” (USDA
Forest Service)
4
Trang 5Ecosystem management occurs at the convergence of these components Ecosystem management
Trang 6 Ecological values AND
commodities
Forests managed as
complex ecosystems
Ecosystem resilience is
key to long-term
ecosystem productivity
6 Ecosystem management
Trang 7How to do ecosystem management?
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Trang 8How to do ecosystem management
With ecosystem management we change from emphasizing uses
needs as an outcome of that management (Nyland, 2010)
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Trang 9Manage forests for healthy ecosystems
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Ecological: A healthy forest maintains its unique
species and processes, while maintaining its basic structure, composition and function
Social: A healthy forest has the ability to
accommodate current and future needs of people for values, products and services (USDA Forest Service)
Trang 10Manage forests for healthy ecosystems
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A forest condition that is naturally resilient to damage; characterized
by biodiversity, it contains sustained habitat for timber, fish, wildlife, and humans, and meets present and
management objectives
Trang 11Manage forests as complex ecosystems
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Trang 12Complex systems
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Consisting of many diverse and autonomous but interrelated and interdependent components or parts
linked through many (dense) interconnections Complex systems cannot be described by a single rule and their
characteristics are not reducible to one level of description They exhibit properties that emerge from the interaction of their parts and which cannot be predicted from the properties of the parts
Trang 13Complex systems
13
Trang 14 Strictly controlling
the forest through
intense
management is
likely to result in
unpredictable
and undesirable
results…
Better to gently guide the forest towards our
desired goal and maintain forest resilience
Accept and embrace diversity complexity and
unpredictability
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Trang 15Adaptive management
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Implementation
Assessment
Decisions
Monitoring Collecting/evaluating information
Identifying problems
Planning to achieve objective
Changing conditions
Trang 16Active Adaptive management
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A
B
C
D
Trang 1717
Trang 18Ecosystem management aspects
It deals with ecosystem functions and balances at a landscape
scale
It focus on changes and development on an ecological time
scale
It tempers current uses and treatments to maintain an array of
options for future time (Nyland, 2010)
18
Trang 19Landscape scale planning
The processes at one scale influence the processes at other scales
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Trang 20Ecosystem management…
Diverse objectives
Accept and embrace complexities of ecosystem
management
Stand-scale silvicultural techniques may appear to be
similar to traditional systems
Adaptive management
Landscape-scale planning
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