Posterb presentations Đề tài nghiên cứu về cây lúa

Chang Genetic Resources Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Approach and methods used: Twenty rice accessions from the International Rice Genebank IRG at IRRI wer

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IRC14-0370

01a Ex situ conservation and dissemination of rice germplasm

SHOULD THE GENEBANK STANDARDS FOR SEED DRYING PRIOR TO LONGTERM

STORAGE BE CHANGED?

K Whitehouse 1 , F Hay 2 , R Ellis 1

1 Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom

2 Genetic Resources Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines

Purpose:

Despite remaining several decades under genebank storage conditions, over time seed viability declines and regeneration is required to maintain genetic integrity While recommendations for the management of genebank accessions emphasise the importance of seed drying to extend

subsequent seed longevity during storage, there has not been a critical evaluation (impact on subsequent quality / longevity of the seeds) of the conditions that are actually used by genebanks for any species

Approach and methods used:

Seed storage experiments were used to evaluate the relative longevity of seeds of 20 diverse rice accessions (representing five variety groups), following initial drying in a dry room (DR) running within recommended genebank conditions (15% RH, 15°C), or using heated air (45°C) in a flat-bed batch dryer (BD) Seed longevity under real-time genebank storage was estimated by extrapolation from the results of the seed storage experiments

Key results:

The initial rate of drying did not appear to differ between the different drying methods, however initial drying in the BD resulted in significantly greater subsequent longevity compared with initial drying in the DR for 14 accessions, with the difference in longevity (as measured by the time for

viability to fall to 50%; p50) as a percentage of the p50 of seeds initially dried in the DR Initial drying for a single daily cycle (8 hours) in the BD compared with drying in the DR never had a negative

effect on subsequent longevity There were significant (P < 0.01) linear relationships between the percentage difference in p50 (BR/DR) and each of harvest date, harvest moisture content and the

p50 of DR seeds, but not with maturity (days after anthesis) of the seeds at harvest

Synthesis and Applications:

IRRI currently regenerates over 4000 accessions annually; this figure could potentially be reduced due to the greater longevity of rice accessions if IRRI were to routinely use the BD for drying

accessions regenerated at IRRI

Beyond IRRI, if similar results are obtained from, in particular, other cereal species, it may be necessary to change the current genebank standards for drying to ensure seeds have maximum longevity when they are first placed into storage

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IRC14-0445

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC CHANGES IN RICE (ORYZA SPP) SEEDS DURING AGEING

K.A Adeboye 1 , I.O Daniel 1 , J.G Bodunde 2 , M.A Ayo-Vaughan 1 , J.A Adetumbi 3 , E.O Idehen 1 , O.W Adabale 1

1

Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria

2

horticulture, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria

3 grain legumes improvement programme,

Institute of Agricultural Research & Training PMB 5029 Moor Plantation, ibadan, Nigeria

Purpose:

Seed deterioration in terms of viability and vigour has implications on erosion of variability in

genetic resources especially in gene bank seed collections This study was conducted to evaluate physiological and genetic integrity of rice seeds during storage in a controlled deterioration

experiment

Ten accessions of rice sourced from the gene bank of National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB) Ibadan, Nigeria, were subjected to artificial ageing The procedure involved storing the seeds at 45°C and 75% Relative Humidity in a chamber Samples of three replicates of 20 seeds each were randomly drawn from the chamber at 0, 3, 24, 48, 55 and 72 hours These samples were subjected to standard germination tests and DNA analysis Data were collected on seed germination count, percentage germination and seedling length Seed

germination rate and vigour index were estimated Genetic changes during ageing were evaluated

by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) analysis using 5 DNA primers in a Direct PCR kit All

experiments were Completely Randomised and percentage germination data were subjected to arc sine transformation and Analysis of Variance Seed longevity data were subjected to Probit

analysis and genetic profiles were analysed by estimating probability of genetic drift using Nei’s formula Genetic distances were estimated using PASTTM software and percentage genetic

integrity was estimated from the genetic distance matrices

Key results:

A progressive decline was observed in the viability and seedling vigour index and were maximal at

72 hours of ageing with seed viability value for all accessions averaging 54.25% Probit analysis

revealed that NERICA 1 had the best storage potential (P50 = 82 hours) compared with other accessions Variation observed in the genetic integrity was revealed by primer RM 178, which

showed significant probability (p < 0.05) of genetic drift for all the accessions Percentage genetic

integrity calculated ranged from 99.45 in NERICA 1 to 100 in IR 64 and deterioration was maximal

at 72 hours of ageing when percentage seed germination was 54.25

In order to maintain optimal genetic integrity during storage, a seed viability benchmark of 54% is recommended for regeneration of stored rice seeds

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IRC14-0552

ASSESSMENT OF VIABILITY, GERMINATION POTENTIAL AND DORMANCY BREAKING METHODS OF SRI LANKAN ENDEMIC WILD RICE SPECIES ORYZA RHIZOMATIS

G Rajkumar 1 , J Weerasena 2 , K Fernando 3 , Y Liyanage 4

1 Department of Botany, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka

2 Institute of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka

3 Agricultural Biotechnological Centre, University of Peredeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka

4 Seed Testing Laboratory, Deaprtment of Agriculture, Kandy, Sri Lanka

Purpose:

Oryza rhizomatis is an endemic wild rice species of Sri Lanka Seeds of O rhizomatis may have a

special structure and dormancy to tide over unfavorable conditions of dry zones of Sri Lanka Studies carried out to findout prediction of viability, germination and dormancy breaking methods

for the seeds of O.rhizomatis Commercial cultivated variety Bg352 was used as a control

The experiments were carried out on pure seeds Four hundred seeds from each seed lot were used for viability, dormancy breaking and germination test with eight replicates of 50 seeds and these were subjected to various treatments separately The seeds were soaked in distilled water for 3-18 hours before staining and a cut was made through the middle of the embryonic axis of the seeds The seeds were immersed in 1% TZ solution These were incubated in darkness for 2-36 hours for the viability test Viability of each seed was interpreted according to the topographical staining pattern of the embryo and the intensity of the colouration Heat, mechanical and chemical

treatments were done to break the dormancy of seeds The germination of O rhizomatis was

tested using germination boxes containing sterile soil First and the final counts were taken after 5thand 14th days respectively by visual observation Germination and the mortality rates were

calculated

Key results:

O rhizomatis seeds used in the study were found to be 80% viable However, only 5% of seeds

germinated under the optimum laboratory conditions From this study, it was confirmed that O rhizomatis seeds are dormancy thus proper treatments are required to break the dormancy as

compared to Bg352 Experiments carried out to break dormancy showed that seeds subjected to heat treatment at 50oC for 96 hours followed by removing husks and soaking them in 0.1 M HNO3for 24 hours increased the germination up to 76%

Therefore, these studies provide rapid, effective and valuable techniques for prediction of seed

viability, breaking of dormancy and for optimum germination of the seeds of O rhizomatis The

present studies will pave the way for successful cultivation and multiplication of this species, which

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IRC14-1056

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF IRANIAN RICE GERMPLASM THROUGH AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

M Jahani 1 , M.H Fotokian 2 , B Nakhoda 3 , G Mohammadi-Nejad 4

1 agronomy and plant breeding, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

2 agronomy and plant breeding, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of molecular physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran

4 Plant Breeding, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

Purpose:

Genetic diversity constitutes the raw material for plant improvement, and provides protection against genetic vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses Iran has diverse agronomic landscape and potentially preserves high level of genetic resources for rice genotypes The major objective of this study was to quantify genetic diversity of Iranian rice genotypes

Morphological characterization of 36 rice genotypes using 17 agro-morphological traits was done in

a field experiment by a lattice design with 3 replication Analysis of variance, Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were carried out

generally were clustered into the different groups or subgroups

The importance of the conservation in on-farm landraces of Oryza Sativa and its wild relatives was

proposed in order to ensure the genetic resources for further breeding and conserve biological diversity

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IRC14-1122

CAN CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE BE USED TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMAL TIME TO HARVEST RICE SEEDS FOR LONG-TERM GENEBANK STORAGE?

S Timple 1 , F.R Hay 1 , B van Duijn 2

1 T.T Chang Genetic Resources Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños,

Twenty rice accessions from the International Rice Genebank (IRG) at IRRI were planted during the 2013 dry season and harvested at 24, 31, 38 and 45 days after peak flowering After threshing and drying, half of each seed lot was hand-sorted by genebank staff Comparative longevity

experiments were conducted with and without hand-sorting at 10.9% moisture content and 45°C Samples were taken every 3 days for up to 60 days for viability monitoring through a standard

germination test and the time for viability to fall to 50% (p 50), as a measure of seed longevity, determined Hand-sorted and non-sorted samples of the seed lots were subjected to CF analysis using the SeedAnalyser

Key results:

Seed longevity generally increased during seed development, with p 50 increasing by between 42.8 and 348.6% between the first and last harvest CF curves (number vs pico-amps) showed distinct peaks but were significantly skewed The position of the peak and area under the curves (total CF) varied with accession, maturity and whether or not the seeds had been manually sorted Total CF was generally highest in the least mature seeds and decreased with increasing maturity (by

between 0.25 and 6.30%, depending on accession) The position of the peak shifted downwards by between 60 and 1050 pA as maturity increased between 24 and 45 DAF

Harvesting seeds at optimum maturity is extremely important to obtain seeds of high quality with maximum potential longevity It is therefore essential to have an effective and reliable technique to

be able to determine optimal harvesting time of rice seeds for conservation in long-term storage Based on the CF and comparative longevity results, the potential use of CF to improve genebank operations will be discussed

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IRC14-1291

USE OF FUNGICIDES AND RELATIONS WITH THE QUALITY AND CONSERVATION OF RICE SEEDS

I.S.N Dario 1 , A.D.L.C Novembre 1

1 Crop Science, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil

The experiment was developed at the Laboratory of Seeds Analysis, Crop Science Department, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brasil The research consisted of 72 treatments and 4 repetitions: nine seed lots of three important cultivars of rice produced in Brazil, treated with the fungicides Penflufem + Trifloxystrobin, Thiabendazole + Metalaxyl + Fludioxonil and Pyraclostrobin + Thiophanate-methyl + Fipronil, at doses of 50, 100 and 150 ml / 100 kg seed of rice, respectively, having a control without treatment, these seeds were stored for 120 days in two environments: natural and dry cold room (10 °C and 20% RH) The seeds were evaluated 1, 15, 30, 60 and 120 days after treatment To determine the seed quality were evaluated water content, germination, vigor (first count of germination, seedling length, accelerated aging and cold tests) and sanity The experimental design was completely randomised, with analysis of variance for each cultivar and comparison of average by Tukey test (5%)

It is vital that the rice seeds are stored in period and environment appropriate to maintain their quality for a longer period of time, and are treated with fungicides to ensure their sanity, preventing the spread of disease in producing areas

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IRC14-1361

THE INTERNATIONAL RICE GENEBANK: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MANAGING THE WORLD RICE COLLECTION

F De Guzman 1 , R Reano 1 , M.S Almazan 1 , G.L Capilit 1 , N.R Sackville Hamilton 1

1 TTC Genetic Resources Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines

IRG, through the support of the Global Crop Diversity Trust (GCDT) is continuously renovating its facilities and improving protocols The Seed Physiology section with modern equipment was

established to conduct research to optimize procedures and practices focusing on seed

development, drying, storage and dormancy

New applications and modifications were added to the Genetic Resources Information

Management System (GRIMS) to cope with the improvement in protocols It was linked to the International Rice Information System (IRIS) for better documentation, genealogy and germplasm tracking The genebank has implemented the use of barcoding and Android technology not only for precise inventory of stocks and accurate seed dissemination but also for efficient paperless data collection for plant monitoring and characterization activities

Biosystematic studies are being done to verify relationship between and among species, and molecular research activities are conducted to enhance germplasm utilization

Key results:

The improvements in facilities and procedures, and shift to automated data collection resulted to a more efficient and cost effective conservation, regeneration, characterization and distribution strategies to handle the increasing collections (e.g GCDT regeneration and Gatsby collection projects, genetic stocks) and requests The collection is now more secured with approximately 98% backed up at National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation (NCGRP) and Svalbard Global Seed Vault (SGSV)

The recent genebank developments have greatly helped in managing the huge collection and facilitated the seed distribution process These various activities and strategies undertaken by IRG have mitigated identified risks in the conservation of rice genetic resources as well as assured the general public and germplasm owners of the availability of quality seeds and information

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IRC14-0057

01b In situ conservation of wild rices

ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY WITHIN WILD RICE (ORYZA RUFIPOGON GRIFF.) GERMPLASM OF NBU CAMPUS (WEST BENGAL) FOR IN SITU CONSERVATION- A CASE STUDY

S Roy 1

1 Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India

Purpose:

Population of Oryza rufipogon Griff (Poaceae) have been gradually reduced due to ecological

stresses It has proven to be a valuable reservoir of genes for rice genetic improvement as a

progenitor of cultivated rice (O sativa L.) It needs immediate attention with high priority so that we

could not loss this agriculturally important Oryza gene pool

Natural population of Oryza rufipogon in the North Bengal University campus is characterized

based on phylogeographic and morphological parameters for conservation purposes Twenty-five plants were considered randomly to measures twenty-six different types of morphological passport data for genetic relatedness analysis within the population Diagnostic characters are provided to delineate the species morphologically

Key results:

Plant is annual ecotype having culms height 64 cm -145 cm Profuse fibrous roots of 2 mm thick and 3 – 9 cm long creamy-white in colour grows from the floating nodes, node region is solid and pinkish in colour (5-7 mm long) Flag leaf length ranges from 13 cm – 40 cm with 0.3 cm – 1.8 cm width Flag leaf blade attitude is varying from deflexed to horizontal to semierect Auricle was hard, curved and 13 – 15.5 mm in size Two-cleft ligule length ranges 17 mm to 35 mm Panicle length varies from 15.4 cm – 30 cm with 1 cm – 8 cm wide with 5-13 primary branches Attitude of primary branches is spreading, well-exserted (100%), alternately arranged on the wavy axis Length of the lemma varies 6-11 mm and 1.4 – 2.3 mm wide, lemma-awn junction marked by a pinkish

pubescent constriction with 23 – 80 mm long red awn Yellow colour anthers vary in length 4-8 mm long Stigma was bifurcated (> 2 mm) and purple in colour comes out from the spikelets Seeds (blackish) are harvested during November-December and vary in length (7.5 mm – 10 mm)

Density of fertile spikelets ranges from 15 to 82 Grain length/breadth ratio was 3.73 (average) and average kernel length/breadth ratio was 3.99

The results suggest that the population of NBU campus are genetically diversified, heterogeneous

and should be conserved in situ to protect this precious genetic resource as separate ecological

race (ecotype or intergrade) for germplasm enhancement

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IRC14-0080

01c Conservation and use of traditional varieties (incl on farm conservation)

CONSERVATION OF AROMATIC RICE BIODIVERSITY: HERITAGE OF BANGLADESH

M Salam 1 , M Islam 1 , P Saha 1

1 Agriculture and Food Security, BRAC, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Purpose:

Small grain aromatic rice landraces are the thousand year’s tradition of Bangladesh Because of

many aristocratic dishes viz Polao, Berani, Firny and Payesh are prepared from this group of rice

varieties Serving those prestigious foods to dignitaries, guests and ceremonial functions is a Bangladeshi culture But the cultivation of these varieties has been progressively diminishing due

to their low yields and photoperiod sensitivity that restrict their production to the wet season

Recently, several media reports reflected concerns of the risk of extinction of this precious

heritage Therefore, efforts have been taken to collect and conserve these cultivars to maintain rice biodiversity

Nationwide field collection was done by village level staff of BRAC Accessions were assembled from BRRI gene bank and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahaman Agricultural University and 154 genotypes were grown at BRAC farm, Gazipur, during Aman season of 2013 Twenty five days old seedlings were transplanted at spacing of 15x20 cm in 5.1m2 plot, with one seedling per hill Date

of flowering, plant height, maturity, grain color, shape, size, pericarp color and aroma were

compared for purification and removal of duplications Breeding programs were initiated for the improvement of these national grade aromatic varieties and pure lines (PL) are being evaluated in multilocation trials

Key results:

The varieties showed a wide variation in dates of flowering, plant height and grain shape, size, color and aroma We isolated and purified 104 accessions and preserved the seeds PLs were distinct, for example, Kalijira-PL1 and Kalijira-PL9 were one week earlier and had 0.5 t ha-1 yield advantage over the original Kalijira check, and their grain morphology is distinguishable from each other and the original variety Breeding populations were developed by involving these aromatic landraces and small grain HYVs

DNA fingerprinting of these varieties is in progress for IPR issue The pure stocks of seeds are now ready for sharing with rice scientists and relevant organizations for further improvement BRAC will continue to save this heritage through on-farm conservation and proper storage

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IRC14-1296

01d Taxonomy of rice

TOWARDS A STABLE ORYZA TAXONOMY: BIOSYSTEMATICS RESEARCH IN THE

INTERNATIONAL RICE GENEBANK

M.C.N Banaticla-Hilario 1 , M.E.B Naredo 1 , M.S.R Almazan 1 , S.M.Q Mercado 1 , G.L.S Capilit 1 , K.L McNally 1 , N.R Sackville Hamilton 1

1 T.T Chang Genetic Resources Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños,

Philippines

Purpose:

Taxonomic information is vital in documenting and managing plant genetic resources Accurate classification and identification of genebank accessions provide a solid foundation for

characterization, evaluation, and utilization of the conserved germplasm The International Rice

Genebank (IRG) aims to authenticate the taxonomic identity of all the (~4700) wild Oryza

accessions under its custody Depending on the classification scheme, however, nomenclatural problems exist in the genus Oryza mainly attributed to (1) presence of diploid and tetraploid forms

in a taxon (2) presence of continuous morphological variation between two taxa

At the IRG, studies are being conducted to verify relationships between and among taxa based on various biosystematic evidences such as phenotype-, genotype- and crossability data Species or

species complex in focus for the problems identified include: 1) the African CC genome species, O punctata; 2) the Asian AA genome species O nivara and O rufipogon; and 3) species of the O meyeriana complex, O granulata and O meyeriana

Key results:

Morphological data on Series Latifoliae species separated the tetraploids from the diploid forms of

O punctata This supports the recognition of the tetraploid forms as a distinct species O

schweinfurthiana An ecogeographic analysis of O nivara and O rufipogon accessions suggested the treatment of these taxa as separate species based on the following arguments: a) ecological

distinction; b) substantial pre-zygotic isolation; 3) differences in gene flow– and genetic variation patterns; 4) local scale genetic divergence and 5) reinforced gene flow barriers under sympatric conditions Preliminary analyses based on morphological and molecular data support the

treatment of O granulata and O meyeriana as distinct species

Through these biosystematic studies, IRG hopes to resolve species relationships and contribute to

a more stable taxonomy for the genus Oryza The research results can enable the gene bank

community to correctly classify and manage their wild rice collections

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IRC14-0028

01e Characterization and evaluation of rice genetic diversity, including ‘omics’

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND EXPLORING NOVEL SOURCES OF SALT TOLERANCE IN RICE THROUGH MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION

M.A Rahman 1 , M.J Thomson 1 , A.M Ismail 2

1 Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute,

Los Baños, Philippines

2 Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines

Purpose:

There is a crucial need to broaden the genetic base for donors of salt tolerance mechanisms for wider adaptation to stress-prone agro-ecological niches in salt affected areas The genetic diversity and characterization of rice across Africa, Bangladesh and the Indian coastal areas is investigated

to identify novel sources of salt tolerance through SSR and SNPs

The allelic diversity of 107 cultivated rice germplasm has been characterized using molecular

markers (RM1287, AP3206f, RM3412b, RM493 and RM7075) linked to Saltol locus and a

high-throughput 384-SNP platform

Key results:

An overall diversity in SNP markers using Illumina GoldenGate genotyping on a BeadXpress Reader identified a total of 864 alleles using 384-SNP markers across the 107 rice accessions ranging from 2.0 alleles per locus, with an average of 13.4% heterozygosity The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.02 to 0.58, with an average of 0.35 On average, 65% of the 107 rice accessions shared a common major allele at any given locus The genetic distance-based results using UPGMA clustering revealed four distinct groups in this diverse

germplasm The two japonica varieties, Azucena and Moroberekan, formed a cluster with the

reference variety Nipponbare The landraces Chinikanai, Noyonmoni, Ranisalute, Gopalbhog, Jamainadu and Bamonkhir are from Bangladesh and they are popular for their good grain quality, especially for aroma, and they made a cluster with Basmati370 One cluster was identified as aus where Agrani, Kasalath, Surjamukhi, Dular, AusBako, Kalisaita and Jaliboro are aus lines of

Bangladeshi origin, and Kalarata and Hasawi are Indian and Saudi Arabia origin, respectively, and

compare with the aus reference line N22 (Nagina22) One cluster was identified as aus with the

tolerant landrace Kalarata falling within that cluster All of the Pokkali accessions formed a

cluster with in indica group and Pokkali derived tolerant RIL FL478 was located near Pokkali

sub-cluster constituted a sub-group with 93-11 The promising novel donors viz Akundi, Ashfal,

Capsule, Cheriviruppu, Chikirampatnai, Kalarata and Kutipatnai are genetically different from Pokkali and Nona Bokra, confirming their potential as novel sources for salinity tolerance

This study shows potential application of high-throughput 384-SNP Illumina GoldenGate

genotyping platform in diversity analysis

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IRC14-0060

CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVITY OF PROMISING LINES OF RICE

K Klakhaeng 1 , K Boonsirichai 2

1 Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand

2 -, Thailand Institute of Technology (Public Organization), Nakornnayok, Thailand

Purpose:

This study, which was conducted during 2004-2013, aimed to classify the degree of photoperiod sensitivity of promising lines of rice at Bureau of Rice Research and Development, Thailand

Varieties/lines of rice were planted on the first day of April, May and August They were given ten hours of day length, 7.00 am - 5.00 pm, in order to obtain the flowering date data IR58, RD7, Nam Sa-gui 19, Leuang Pratew 123, Khao Tah Haeng 17, Khao Dawk Mali 105, Sew Mae Jan, Hahng

Yi 71, Niaw Sanpatawng and Pin Gaew 56 were used as the standard varieties for the photoperiod responsiveness classification Flowering date data of each variety/line were collected for the analysis of the basic vegetative phase (BVP), the photoperiod sensitive phase (PSP) and the degree of sensitivity (Ghose and Saran, 1982; Vergara and Chang, 1985)

Key results:

According to their responses to day length, rice could be classified into 3 groups: essentially

photoperiod insensitive varieties (IR58 and RD7), weakly photoperiod insensitive varieties (Nam Sa-gui19) and strongly photoperiod sensitive varieties (Khao Dawk Mali105, Niaw Sanpatawng, Leuang Pratew 123, Sew Mae Jan, Hahng Yi71, Pin Gaew56 and Khao Tah Haeng17)

Measurements of the degree of sensitivity in comparison with the standard varieties served as the classification criterion The study was performed on 352 varieties/lines Of these, 133 were found essentially photoperiod insensitive, 98 were weakly photoperiod insensitive, while 121 were found strongly photoperiod sensitive

The degree of sensitivity of the photoperiod insensitive varieties/lines was found to be less than 45 and their BVP varied from short to long These information will be useful for the recommendation

of appropriate varieties to farmers based on to the day length Besides, the photoperiod sensitivity

of rice will be useful in rice breeding programs especially essentially photoperiod insensitive

varieties

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IRC14-0224

UNRAVEL POLAR METABOLOME OF THAI JASMINE RICE ASSOCIATED WITH BROWN PLANTHOPPER INFESTATION USING 1H NMR-BASED METABOLOMICS

U Uawisetwathana 1 , S Graham 2 , W Kamolsukyunyong 3 , W Sukhaket 3 , A Klanchui 1 ,

T Toojinda 3 , A Vanavichit 3 , N Karoonuthaisiri 1 , C Elliott 4

1 Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathumthani, Thailand

2 Beaumont Health System, Institute of Research, Michigan, USA

3 Rice Gene Discovery Unit,

National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

4 Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

Purpose:

Up to date, there has never been a study of the brown planthopper (BPH) resistance in Thai rice at the metabolic level To improve a selective breeding program of such desirable trait, it is important

to understand the biological mechanism of the response to the BPH Therefore, polar metabolome

of Thai Jasmine rice (KD) and their BPH resistant isogenic lines was investigated during the BPH infestation in order to decipher the response mechanism to the infestation and reveal the

intereaction between the plant and insect

1H NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics were used to analyze the polar metabolome in leaves extracts of BPH-susceptible KD and their BPH resistant isogenic lines (BPH-resistant IL7 and BPH-resistant+ IL308) before and after BPH infestation at different time points (Days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8)

Key results:

Physiological responses of the rice isogenic lines were different based on the quantitative trait loci

of BPH resistance For leaves metabolite profiles, multivariate models could distinguish the profiles before BPH infestation (control group) from after the infestation (treatment group) at the different time points; however, the profiles did not show any discrimination among the rice varieties After identification and quantification, 16 metabolites were significantly altered by the BPH infestation Concentrations of alanine, g-aminobutyrate, glycine, acetate, asparagine and formate were altered

in the early stage (D1-D3) of the infestation whereas concentrations of glucose, sucrose,

guanosine, uridine, uracil, fumarate, succinate, tyrosine, lactate and betaine were altered in the late stage (D4-D8) of the infestation

The metabolites have caused systematic metabolite alterations involved in nitrogen fixation,

nitrogen assimilation, photosynthesis, photo/dark respiration, TCA cycle and the osmotic regulation process This study provides the understanding of metabolic response for Thai Jasmine rice and their BPH resistant isogenic varieties to BPH infestation Furthermore, the findings from this study will help plant scientists narrow down their research for putative pathways explaining the resistant

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IRC14-0281

WHOLE TRANSCRIPTOMIC (RNA) SEQUENCING AND LEAF PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE

TO SALINITY IN HIGH YIELDING RICE INTROGRESSION LINES DERIVED FROM KMR3 X O RUFIPOGON

G Pushpalatha 1 , D Subrahmanyam 2 , K Sreenu 1 , T Ram 2 , L.V Subba Rao 2 , N Sarla 1 ,

R.A.I Vandna 3

1 Biotechnology, Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India

2 Physiology, Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India

differentially expressed genes in response to salt stress

The physiological experiments were conducted with 17 diverse rice genotypes including popular

rice varieties, O sativa (KMR3) X O rufipogon (BC2F6-7) introgression lines under two different concentrations (100 mM and 150 mM) of salt We studied salinity induced changes in leaf

photosynthetic traits by measuring gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence traits, under

continuously maintained salinity stress conditions at reproductive stage and the seedlings were subjected to whole-transcriptomic analysis

Key results:

Salinity treatments (100 and 150 mM NaCl) were imposed at reproductive stage The data on fluorescence characteristics indicated that salinity treatments had no significant influence on Fv/Fm ratio (maximum efficiency of PSII) and yield, indicating that salinity stress did not influence the primary photochemical efficiency of the leaves Imposition of salt stress had significantly reduced photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E) and intercellular CO2concentration in all the tested genotypes The reduction in Pn was highest in KMR3 introgression line K198 where as the reduction was minimum in ILs K458, K463, K-50-13 and K478 indicating relative tolerance to salinity stress in these ILs Interestingly, these ILs performed better in terms of grain yield under moderate salinity treatments than the other popular varieties

Further, the whole genome transcriptomic analysis was performed to compare differential

expression of genes in the most-tolerant K478 and the most-sensitive K198 The K478 showed 281 up-regulated and 1832 down-regulated genes while S-198 showed 125 up-regulated and 1918 down-regulated genes Thus, the mechanisms for salt tolerance in selected ILs were derived and list of differentially expressed genes was identified for salt tolerance

The introgressions of KMR3 (O sativa) with wild rice O.rufipogan has the potential to improve

tolerance and can be used to develop salinity tolerant rice varieties and hybrids The

transcriptomics analysis resulted in up-regulation of superior transcripts under salt stress

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IRC14-0289

MULTIPLE LOCI IDENTIFIED IN A GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES OF INTERNAL PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY IN RICE

M Wissuwa 1 , K Kondo 1 , T Fukuda 1 , A Mori 1 , M.T Rose 2 , J Pariasca-Tanaka 1 , T Kretzschmar 3 , T.J Rose 4

1 Crop Livestock & Environment Division, JIRCAS, Tsukuba, Japan

2 Centre for Green Chemistry and School of Biological Science, Monash University, Clayton,

A diverse set of 292 rice accessions were grown in nutrient solutions, assuring each genotype had access to an equal and low (0.8 mg) amount of P PUE was then estimated as biomass produced per P taken up Associations between PUE data and genotypic variation based on a 44K SNP data set were mapped using the software TASSEL

Efforts to improve the P efficiency of rice presently focus largely on marker assisted introgression

of the Pup1 locus containing the P uptake gene OsPSTOL1 The detection of novel loci enhancing

the efficiency of P utilization for biomass accumulation reported here offers a complementary

approach as promising PUE loci will eventually be combined with Pup1 in a marker assisted

pyramiding approach

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IRC14-0568

MORPHOLOGICAL, MOLECULAR AND QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE VARIETIES AND LANDRACES FROM EASTERN SOURTHEN AFRICA

J Joachim 1 , P.M Kusolwa 1 , R Murori 2

1 Assessment of phenotypic diversity using morphological traits

Morphological assessment was done by evaluation of the collected germplasms at Bagamoyo Irrigation Scheme, Pwani-Tanzania, during wet season in 2013 The experiment was laid out in an Alpha Lattice Design with three replications The procedures and descriptors for characterization and evaluation of the morphological traits of rice was based on the descriptors described by IRRI

2 Evaluation of the molecular diversity using SSR markers

Genetic variation was determined using a panel of 22 SSR markers derived from the 50 standard SSR markers from GCP set

3 Determination of grain quality characteristics

The physical grain quality analysis was carried out at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)

research station in Dakawa-Morogoro, Tanzania

Key results:

Out of 25 morphological traits observed, basal leaf sheath color, leaf blade color, panicle exertion, panicle type, apiculus color, lemma/palea color, awning, number of days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, leaf length and width, panicle length, plant height showed most variation among the genotypes

Among the grain quality traits, milling recovery, degree of milling, 1000 grain weight, brown rice length and shape showed most variation among the evaluated genotypes The one hundred and ninety one genotypes characterized were grouped into seven clusters based on morphology and quality traits

The information on diversity of the characterized genotypes in ESA is expected to assist plant breeders in the selection of parents for use in the hybridization program This information will also provide a more rational basis for expanding the gene pool, eliminating duplicates and for future identification of plant materials that

Trang 17

IRC14-0599

PERSPECTIVES OF IMPROVING AFRICAN RICE ORYZA GLABERRIMA STEUD IN RICE BREEDING

Y agnoun 1 , M sie 2 , K futakuchi 3 , R vodouhe 4

1 plant production, faculté des sciences agronomiques, cotonou, Benin

2 genetic diversity and improvement, africarice, cotonou, Benin

3 sustainable productivity and enhancement, africarice, cotonou, Benin

4 west and central africa, bioversity international, cotonou, Benin

Purpose:

O glaberrima Steud., the African rice species offers hopeful perspectives to develop productive

and resistant interspecific progenies Traditionally, landraces well-adapted to local conditions have

been good sources for improving the resistance of cultivated rice In the pass O glaberrima has not benefited from intensive breeding activities as it is the case for O sativa, despite the fact that it

carries numerous important alleles governing useful agronomical traits and resistance against environmental constraints Since, it's obvious that the succesful interspecific NERICA varieties (New Rice for Africa) have significantly contributed to improve farmers' incomes and livelihoods But, several investigations and critical reviews revealed some gaps resulting in the non-expression

of O glaberrima useful genes within NERICA

Therefore, intra-specific breeding approach is needed to explore and benefit from the useful

genetic diversity of the African rice The use of this genetic diversity will help to fill gaps previously

observed on interspecific varieties and to develop improved lines, resistant to the multiple

environmental stresses through crossings with O sativa

Key results:

In this framework, the recent phenotypic assessment of the wide O glaberrima collection (about

2,300 accessions) available at Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) foreshadows a great hope on the use of this biodiversity to develop new promising lines covering major upland, lowland (rainfed and irrigated), mangroves and deep water rice ecologies

In this paper, we updated the scientific advances on the African rice with special reference to the valorisation of its genetic advantages using both conventional and molecular breeding methods as well as advanced biotechnology to improve local multiples stresses and varieties

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IRC14-0656

IMPROVEMENT OF CAMBODIAN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) USING NEXT-GENERATION MARKER TECHNOLOGY AND METABOLOMICS

J.C.T Concepcion 1 , S Ouk 2 , V.D Daygon 1 , M Ouk 2 , D Zhao 3 , M.A Fitzgerald 1

1 School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

2 Plant Breeding Unit, Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

3 Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute,

Los Banos, Philippines

Purpose:

Grain quality is essentially considered in rice production systems in Cambodian In a survey

conducted by the ACIAR-funded project of IRRI and the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), confirmed that all sectors in the value chain considered Pkha Rumduol as the best rice variety in Cambodia due to its exceptional sensory and cooking qualities This study aims to analyze the metabolites amongst the Cambodian germplasm collection, and provide rice breeders with the tools to transfer that quality into higher yielding, non-photoperiod sensitive varieties of rice

A population of 382 F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived by single-seed descent from two Cambodian rice varieties, Phka Rumduol (PRD), an aromatic popular rice variety and the high-yielding Thmar Krem (TK) were grown at IRRI’s experimental field during the wet season of 2013

and processed for metabolite profiling at the University of Queensland, Australia Genetic

characterization of the whole population was carried out using the Infinium 6K SNP genotyping

platform at IRRI Metabolite profiling for volatile compounds was done on milled rice grains,

absorption of the volatile compounds trapped in the headspace of the glass vial was done using a SPME Carboxen-PDMS fibre, and separation of volatiles was performed The GCxGC is coupled with TOF-MS for identification and quantification of the compounds collected

The results of this study provided the first set of genetic and metabolite data to identify the genes responsible for the quality traits in Cambodian rices and ultimately lead to biomarkers for rice grain quality targeted for the Cambodian stakeholders

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IRC14-0749

GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR EARLY SEEDLING VIGOUR IN RICE BASED ON MOLECULAR MARKERS AND PHENOTYPIC DATA

G.V Rajendra Krishna 1 , A Anusha 1 , C Manoj 1 , B Vishnuvardhan Reddy 1 , M.S Ramesha 2

1

Biotechnology, Barwale Foundation, Hyderabad, India

2 South Asia Rice Breeding Hub, International Rice Research Institute, Hyderabad, India

Purpose:

Dry direct seeded rice ( DSR ) is a potential resource conserving technology Availability of efficient genotypes which respond to good and timely management practices determines the success of DSR Rapid germination and emergence and early stage seedling vigour manifested in terms of better root and shoot growth are some of the important traits needed for DSR Assessment and exploitation of genetic diversity for these traits is an important step in breeding for DSR

Eighteen released varieties and 27 breeding lines of diverse origin were used to assess genetic diversity for early seedling vigour traits Phenotypic evaluation of shoot length, root length and biomass was done using paper towel and slantboard test method Phenotypic data were analysed and a dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA.101 genome-wide SSR markers were used to assess genetic diversity and population structure of accessions which were phenotyped for early seedling vigour traits

Key results:

Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences for all the traits Based on early vigour traits, 45 genotypes were classified in to two major groups and a sub group The first group

consisted of high early seedling vigour lines, followed by a sub-group consisting of medium

seedling vigour lines, and the second group consists of low seedling vigour lines A total of 428 alleles were amplfied using 101 SSR markers The genetic diversity and polymorphic information content ranged from 5.47 to 21.35 and 0.04 to 0.81 respectively with regard to genotypic data All the primers showed distinct polymorphism among the cultivars studied indicating the robust nature

of microsatellites in revealing polymorphism A dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA in respect of genotypic data derived from 101 markers There were differences in group formation when the genotypic data was compared with the phenotypic data in relation to trait of interest These differences may be due to utilization of randomly selected markers throught out the genome

Utilization of trait specific markers may help in correlating the genotypic data with phenotypic data Many promising genotypes with early vigour and good agronomic traits were identified and a few best donors can be utilized in future breeding programs

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IRC14-0791

DUS TESTS IN RICE AND REGISTRATION OF FARMERS' VARIETIES - INDIAN EXPERIENCE

L.V Subba Rao 1 , N Shobha Rani 1 , M Chiranjeevi 1 , K Lavanya 1 , C Padma 1 , B Jayasree 1 ,

U Chaitanya 1 , B Jyothi 1 , R Surender 1 , S.R Dhua 2 , S Rakesh 3 , P Borah 4 , M Bhaskaran 5 ,

R Dipal Chowdhury 6 , B.C Viraktamath 7

1 Plant Breeding, Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India

2

Plant Breeding, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India

3 Plant Breeding, IARI, New Delhi, India

4 Plant Breeding, AAU, Jorhat, India

5 Plant Breeding, TNAU, Coimbatore, India

6 DUS, PPV & FRA, New Delhi, India

7 Project Director, Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India

Purpose:

India being signatory to WTO, it is obligatory to have some sort of protection to the plant varieties

as Indian patent act doesn't recognize patenting life forms Consequent to this the PPV & FR Authority was established in 2005, with the objective of providing an effective system of protection

of plant varieties and rights of farmers Directorate of Rice Research (DRR), Hyderabad has played

a pioneering role in developing the DUS Test guidelines

DRR as nodal centre conducted the first DUS tests in rice in 2008 with 8 candidate (new) varieties and since then several new varieties, Farmers' Varieties and Varieties of Common Knowledge (VCKs) were included in DUS testing Farmers' varieties are traditionally cultivated and serve as a reservoir of useful genes VCKs are plant varieties developed and marketed by the private /public sector which are not released by the govt system and yet cultivated by the farmers Farmers' varieties, VCKs, any other varieties in public domain and new varieties nominated by different universities, institutions, companies are tested following the DUS test guidelines of Protection of Plant varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority (PPV& FRA) The candidate / new varieties are tested for two seasons at two locations while Farmers Varieties and VCKs are tested for one season at two locations before granting registration

Key results:

Registration of extant notified varieties (ENVs) was initiated by the authority along with new

varieties As on date a total of 24 new varieties, 19 VCKs, 65 Farmers' varieties and 101 ENVs in rice were registered by PPV & FR authority for which DUS characterization was done at DRR and other co nodal centres The DUS test results are submitted to the PPV&FR authority for analysing the data and granting the Plant Breeders' Rights (PBRs)

The question of establishing the Distinctness in Farmers' varieties is a matter of concern.The Indian law of PPV&FR recognizes the farmers as breeders, conservers, preservers and cultivators

of traditional varieties Since this great wealth of nation has been conserved by the farmers, simple characterization of these varieties as per the DUS descriptors, perhaps may be sufficient to grant the registration

Trang 21

IRC14-0800

MAINTENANCE OF DATABASE OF REFERENCE COLLECTION VARIETIES (RCVS) VIS-A– VIS DUS TESTS IN RICE

L.V Subba Rao 1 , N Shobha Rani 1 , M Chiranjeevi 1 , K Lavanya 1 , C Padma 1 , B Jayasree 1 ,

U Chaitanya 1 , K Suneetha 1 , R Surender 1 , S.R Dhua 2 , S Rakesh 3 , P Borah 4 , M Bhaskaran 5 ,

R Dipal Chowdhury 6 , B.C Viraktamath 7

2 Plant Breeding, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India

3 Plant Breeding, IARI, New Delhi, India

4 Plant Breeding, AAU, Jorhat, India

5 Plant Breeding, TNAU, Coimbatore, India

6 DUS, PPV & FRA, New Delhi, India

7 Project Director, Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India

The experimental material consisted of 543 RCVs which were evaluated in replicated trial for two seasons during 2012 and 13 at DRR Farm, ICRISAT, Hyderabad Observations of all the 62 DUS (Distinctness, Stability, Uniformity) descriptors were recorded on 10 randomly selected plants and the variability for these descriptors were categorized into different classes and the frequencies of these traits were determined

Key results:

Results revealed that among 62 DUS descriptors high diversity was recorded for 35 descriptors which included essential and additional descriptors Moderate variation was observed for some of the descriptors but none of the genotypes have shown variation for the descriptor ‘coleoptile colour’ With respect to quality traits, the amylose content of these genotypes was found to be within range of consumer’s preference i.e intermediate to high The large genetic diversity present

in this collection for various morphological descriptors will help in DUS Testing in rice for

identification and establishment of distinctness

Therefore maintenance of data base of large number of Reference Collection Varieties is a

prerequisite for the conduct of DUS tests and it occupies pivotal role in this post World Trade Organization (WTO) era of Intellectual property paving way to Agriculture and Protection of Plant Varieties

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IRC14-0842

HIGH RESOLUTIONS MELTING ANALYSIS FOR DETECTING OF BADH2 GENE IN THAI RICE GERMPLASM

K Soontrajarn 1 , M Sanyapeung 1 , S Chotechuen 1

1 Rice Department, Ministry of Agricultueral and Coperative, Pathumthani, Thailand

Purpose:

Aromatic rice is a specific group of rice having high price in the world rice market A fragrant trait of local varieties in the rice germplasm are routinely evaluated by the method of smelling which may not infer their fragrant genotype

A recessive gene on chromosome 8 has been elucidated to be homology with the gene encoded for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH2) In fragrant rice this gene was mutated by 8 bp deletion in exon 7 resulting in accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) In this study, the

BADEX7-5 primer which is specific for the fragrant gene (badh2) was tested by a conventional

PCR and a Real-time PCR

Key results:

Both methods showed the same PCR product size of 95 and 103 bp in fragrant and non-fragrant rice, respectively High resolutions melting (HRM) analysis demonstrated that the fragrant and non-fragrant rice were clearly separated by 1 oC difference in Tm Further experiment could

validate the Real-time PCR condition and components at 10 µl reaction mixture

The method was applied to detect Thai local rice varieties containing “Hom” (Thai word means fragrant) in their names The total of 339 tested accessions was found to have two genotypes including 243 accessions of fragrant rice and 96 accessions of non-fragrant rice Real-time PCR is

a high-throughput method and can be used to survey fragrant genotype in rice

Trang 23

IRC14-0856

ALLELE DETERMINATION OF 13 YIELD ENHANCING GENES FROM 367

VARIETIES/LANDRACES USING FLUIDIGM SNP GENOTYPING AND PCR-GEL BASED

METHOD

S.R Kim 1 , J Ramos 1 , R Vinarao 1 , K Jena 1

1 Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology (PBGB) Division,

International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines

But the frequency of positive allele for each yield enhancing gene from diverse varieties and

landraces has not been studied

Here we determined alleles of these genes through detection of putative functional nucleotide polymorphism (FNP) using Fluidigm SNP genotyping and PCR-gel based method from 367

diversity panel

Key results:

Most of landraces already had positive alleles for Ghd7 (90.2%), GW8 (88.8%), and SCM2 (85.3%) genes GS5 alleles are divided into three alleles (wide, medium, and narrow grain width) Among them the allele for medium grain width was dominant (55.5%) For Gn1a, we newly identified a new

putative FNPs (3 SNPs) located on the promoter region because 16 bp deletion in the 5’ UTR

region from Gn1a donor (Habataki) was shown in 327 entries (89.1%) Based on new FNPs, 49.0% has positive allele for grain number Long grain allele of GS3 and wide grain allele of GW5 were present in 37.1% and 37.3%, genotypes respectively Positive alleles for TGW6, DEP1, and SPL14 were very rare (0.003-7.0%) We could not find positive alleles for GW2, qGL3, and LP genes and Gn1a-null allele from our 367 diversity entries

These results indicate that many varieties lack positive alleles for SPL14, TGW6, DEP1, GW2, qGL3, and LP genes and these genes can enhance yield potential in many elite varieties by

introducing missing alleles to increase yield potential

Trang 24

IRC14-0903

THE STUDY OF BADH2 SEQUENCE VARIATION TO UNDERSTAND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF LANDRACE AND WILD AROMATIC RICE IN THAILAND

A Plabpla 1 , K Myint 2 , T Toojinda 1 , S Chotechuen 3 , C Vutiyano 4 , B Courtois 5 , A Vanavichit 1

1 Rice Gene Discovery Unit BIOTEC, Kasetsart University, Nakhon-Pathom, Thailand

2 Plant Biotechnology Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Yangon, Myanmar (Burma)

3 -, Pathum Thani Rice Research Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand

4 -, Rice Department of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand

5 Cirad, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France

Purpose:

To study genetic diversity and classification of landrace varieties and wild rice, O rufipogon, in

Thailand via grain aroma trait

480 Thai landrace rice varieties were used to study natural variation of grain aroma trait

Genotyping was performed by five BADH2 gene specific markers included three functional

markers, Aromarker, 3In2AP, and FMbadh2-E2B together with two non-coding markers 5'SSR and 3'Indel Isozyme group and genome background of 250 selected Thai landrace varieties were investigated by 19 SSR markers compared to MiniGB dataset and F-AFLP, respectively 148 and

60 accessions of O rufipogon and O nivara, were genotyped by BADH2 functional markers Sequence of aromatic wild rice were compared to Thai landrace rice varieties, O glaberima and other O sativa BADH2 sequence from public database

Key results:

Thai landrace rice varieties, included phase 'Hom' in name, were classified into 27 haplotypes by

five BADH2 specific markers Genotyping shown 315 out of 480 varieties contained 8 bp deletion

allele, functional marker on exon 7 Isozyme-grouping analysis by SSR markers of landrace

varieties compared with MiniGB dataset suggest almost Thai landrace varieties belong to isozyme group I However, aromatic landrace varieties can separated into 5 genome background by

Fluorescent AFLP fingerprinting Eight bp deletion allele was presented in 4 wild rice accessions

from Phitsanulok, Sukhothai, Trat and Nakorn Ratchasima province 2AP content of aromatic O rufipogon was approximately 0.62 ppm SNP on BADH2 were detected when compared wild aromatic rice with O glaberima and other O sativa BADH2 sequence from public database

The natural mutant and diversity of landrace and wild aromatic rice in Thailand were explored

Aromatic landrace rice in Thailand carries the well-known 8-bp deletion on BADH2 However, 165

varieties were not contained 8-bp deletion allele although, they had phase 'Hom' in name The

recombination event occur in small region BADH2 from 5'SSR, (TA)n on intron 2, and 3'Indel, 43

bp deletion on 3'UTR Aromatic landrace rice contained 8-bp deletion allele has different genome background Variant aromatic landrace varieties can use as a good germplasm source for breeding program

Trang 25

IRC14-0906

WHOLE GENOME ANALYSIS OF RICE TERPENE SYNTHASE GENES AND

IDENTIFICATION OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS INVOLVED IN BROWN PLANTHOPPER RESISTANCE MECHANISMS IN RICE

W Kamolsukyunyong 1 , K Pitija 2 , W Sukhaket 3 , S Wongpornchai 2 , A Vanavichit 1

1 Rice Gene Discovery Unit,

National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) Kasetsart University Kam phaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon-Pathom, Thailand

2 Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,

Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

3 Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon-Pathom,

Thailand

Purpose:

Brown planthopper (BPH) is the most serious insect pest for rice production Rathu heenati (RH), the BPH resistance variety, is widely used in breeding program worldwide Recently, terpene synthase (TPS) gene of RH was identified to play role in host selection during BPH infestation however the terpeniod volatile compound products of the gene have not been

identified yet

To understand the role of TPS in BPH resistance mechanisms of rice at the whole genome level, genetic variation in rice TPSs were identified by single feature polymorphism (SFP)

mapping, expressions of these TPS genes were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and metabolomic profiling of rice volatile compounds were investigated

by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique

Key results:

Seventeen TPS genes were identified to contain at least one polymorphic feature between KD and ILs Among these genes, two of them, Os04g27430 and Os04g27670, showed differentially expressed between KD and IL308, on the other hand, four TPS genes did not expressed in both rice accessions Eleven volatile compounds, including 7-epi-Susquithujene, Susquithujene, (Z)-α-Bergamotene, (E )-α-Bergamotene, (Z)-β-Farnesene , Germacrene D, α-Curcumen, α-

Zingiberene, α-Bisabolene, β-Sesquiphellandrene , and (E )-γ-Bisabolene were found to be differentially induced in IL308 versus KD after one day of BPH infestation

The present study demonstrates that TPS genes of rice varieties contained polymorphisms that may affect function of the genes Moreover, only some rice TPS genes were altered their

expression by BPH infestation And finally, several volatile compounds were identified as

candidate products of BPH-induced TPS genes These finding may pave the way for rice pest management by using rice natural volatile compounds

Trang 26

IRC14-0975

ASSESSMENT OF SEEDLING TOLERANCE OF SRI-LANKAN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA)

GERMPLASM UNDER SALT STRESS USING SSR MARKERS LINKED WITH SALTOL QTL

N.S Kottearachchi 1 , B.A Dahanayaka 1 , D.R Gimhani 1

1 Department of Biotechnology, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Sri Lanka

Purpose:

There are vast numbers of divergent rice germplasms in Sri Lanka As the development of salinity tolerant cultivars has become a prioritized research area, it is necessary to assess these varieties

and utilize them in breeding programs Previously a major salinity tolerant QTL called Saltol has

been discovered in chromosome 1 of Pokkali derived germplams Assessment of SSR markers at

the region of previously reported QTL, Saltol, and phenotypic assessment of seedling stage of rice

germplasms would give some insight into the understanding of salt tolerance

In this regard we analyzed twenty rice germplasms, including traditional and improved varieties,

with five SSR markers closely linked to Saltol QTL We derived a novel formula of Salinity Survival

Index (SSI) in order to assess the survivability of the plants under stress in terms of quantitative parameter Morphological traits of the seedlings were assessed under saline condition which was created with 100mM NaCl concentration (12 ds/m) in hydroponics

Key results:

The variation of survivals among germplasm was easily assessed as the SSI distributed

quantitatively Results showed that SSI, root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, and dry root weight, were significantly different among varieties SSI and visual injuries were exhibited that some traditional varieties and exotic varieties are extremely tolerant even than Pokkali, the well-known salt tolerant check variety The dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis of DNA markers indicated that some of the tolerant varieties were grouped in separate clusters

Polymorphic banding patterns of SSR markers obtained from tolerant and susceptible varieties

near Saltol would be useful in selecting parental lines for the rice improvement breeding programs

designed for salt tolerance

Acknowledgment: Financial assistance from National Science Foundation (RG/2011/BT/02)

Trang 27

IRC14-1006

HAPLOTYPE ANALYSIS OF GS3 AS THE MAJOR DETERMINANT QTL OF GRAIN SIZE

M jahani 1 , G Mohammadi-Nejad 1 , G Nematzadeh 2

1 agronomy and plant breeding, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

2 sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university, biotechnology and plant breeding, Sari, Iran

Purpose:

The main purpose of this study was assessment of the haplotype diversity of GS3 as the major QTL for grain size, based on related markers through association mapping in an international rice collection

A collection of 100 rice accessions from different geographic origins and with wide range of grain size traits (grain length, grain width, Grain length/width ratio) variation was selected between thousands of accessions to assess the haplotype structure of the most major QTL controlling grain size Plant material were evaluated based on incomplete block design (lattice) with three

replication Subsequently, in order to assessment linked marker with GS3,association mapping

were done 65 molecular markers were used to investigate population structure and Kinship

relationships, also16 previously reported markers (SSR, Indel, CAPS, PCR-based SNP marker) in chromosome 3, which cover the GS3 locus were chosen to find related markers to grain size traits and evaluation of haplotype analysis in GS3 Based on association analysis 7 markers were

selected to construct haplotype pattern using a reference variety which had longest and most slender grains

haplotypes patterns constructed and haplotype diversity based on absence or presence of any alleles in each pattern were evaluated

Key results:

Haplotype analysis revealed 26 different patterns that contain three main distinctive groups of haplotypes with differ in evaluated grain size traits Results demonstrate that combinations of several markers are more powerful criteria to clarify phenotypic differences in grain size than single marker

based on results Concurrent usage of GS06, GS09, RGS2, SF18, RGS1, GS64 and DRR-GL which were identified as the most informative markers for grain size traits, accelerates marker-assisted selection breeding of grain appearance

Trang 28

IRC14-1152

MOLECULAR POPULATION GENETICS OF ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION TO DEEP WATER

CONDITION IN WILD RICE (ORYZA RUFIPOGON GRIFF.)

T Pusadee 1 , B Schaal 2

1 Plant Science and Natural Resources, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Thailand

2 Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, USA

Purpose:

In this study we examine DNA sequence variation in candidate genes to reveal the strength and type of selection that has acted on these genes With this approach, candidate genes that have been identified in previous studies are chosen to investigate signatures of selection at the DNA level

Our goal is to better understand the adaptive evolution of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) to deep water

conditions of flooding Two genes have been previously identified that appear to be adaptive to

flooding, SK 2 and CIPK15 These genes were sequenced and compared to a neutrally evolving pseudogene p-VATPase B-subunit A total of 51 new populations of wild rice were collected from

Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand Nucleotide diversity, qw and p, will be determined for all variable nucleotide sites, (nonsynonymous and synonymous sites) in each gene for each

population Evolutionary pressures on proteins will be quantified by the ratio of substitution rates (dN/dS) at non-synonymous and synonymous sites Finally, the levels of selection will be

correlated to the local environmental conditions experienced by populations

Key results:

For SK2, we detected the allele that had been previously reported in O glumaepatula in O

rufipogon The haplotype network of SK2 shows a distinct separation between perennial and annual populations However, annual populations were difficult to amplify for the SK2 gene, but not for CIPK15 and p-VATPase Tajima’s D showed positive value (0.637) for SK2 but negative value (-0.936) for p-VTAPase When considering at SK2, perennial populations showed negative value (- 0.199) but positive value for annual populations (0.964)

Studying how populations respond to natural selection can lead to a detailed understanding of the process of adaptive evolution Natural selection is the result of the interaction between these ecological and evolutionary factors, and determines how well a species can adapt to specific local environments The output and outcome of this research will have impact for both basic knowledge about the adaptive ability of Asian wild rice to flooding conditions and they identify genetically useful traits for rice breeding programs

Trang 29

IRC14-1153

GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR GRAIN QUALITY AND NUTRITIONAL TRAITS IN LAND RACES

OF RICE(ORYZA SATIVA L.)

L.V Subba Rao 1 , E Umarani 2 , K Radhika 2 , V Padma 3 , D Sanjeeva Rao 1 , K Sunitha 1 ,

A Shivakumar 2 , D R Chowdhury 4 , M Chiranjeevi 1 , K Lavanya 1 , C Padma 1 , R Surender 1 ,

B Jayasree 1

1

Plant Breeding, Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India

2 Genetics and Plant Breeding, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India

3 Crop Physiology, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India

4 Plant Breeding, PPV & FRA, New Delhi, India

Purpose:

The landraces maintained by farmers are endowed with wide genetic variability, which provides tremendous scope for further genetic improvement of quality and nutritional status of crop, to develop the 'hidden hunger' free world Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to assess the variability in the land races of rice for grain quality and nutritional status and heritability for their further utilization in the breeding programmes

Seven grain quality and nutritional traits viz., decorticated grain length, width and L/B ratio,

amylose content, gel consistency, grain iron and zinc concentration were assessed in seventy land races of rice at Directorate of Rice Research using standard procedures The mean data after computing for each character was subjected to standard methods of analyses of variance,

phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance and genetic advance as a percent of mean were estimated

Key results:

In the present investigation, ANOVA revealed that existence of highly significant variability among the land races for all the characters Coefficient of variation studies indicated that the estimates of PCV were slightly higher than GCV for all the traits, indicating less influence of environment Gel consistency exhibited maximum PCV (35.63%) and GCV (35.21%) values All the traits under study expressed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a per cent of mean, which indicates the preponderance of additive gene action in controlling that trait

A paradigm shift in the rice breeding strategies from quantity centered approach to quality and nutritional security oriented effort is inevitable, in order to benefit all rice consumers From this study, it may be concluded that the land races which are having high variability can be directly selected for cultivation or can be used as parents in hybridization programme to tailor these useful traits into new high yielding varieties

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IRC14-1154

RICE FARMERS’ VARIETIES – A RICH NICHE FOR VARIABILITY IN AGRO-

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS

L.V Subba Rao 1 , K Swapna 2 , J Farzana 3 , M.H.V Bhave 3 , M Chiranjeevi 1 , K Lavanya 1 ,

U Chaitanya 1 , D R Chowdhury 4

2 Genetics & Plant Breeding, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India

3 Genetics and Plant Breeding, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India

4 Plant Breeding, PPV & FRA, New Delhi, India

Purpose:

The Farmers’ varieties possess immense potential of most valuable genes which can be effectively utilized in breeding programmes Characterization of such germplasm is important for utilizing the appropriate attribute based donors and also essential in the present era for protecting the unique traits of rice varieties In this context, an attempt was made to characterize a set of farmers’

varieties for different agro - morphological traits and identify the variability available in the

collection

Seventy five farmers’ varieties were evaluated in RBD with three replications at DRR farm,

ICRISAT Observations were recorded for twenty eight DUS essential characters and eleven yield and yield contributing characters

Key results:

ANOVA revealed significant differences for all quantitative traits High diversity was observed in the

experimental material for 14 essential DUS characters viz., leaf: pubescence of blade surface, leaf:

auricles, leaf: anthocyanin colouration of auricles, leaf: colour of ligule, flag leaf: attitude of blade (late), stem: length, stem: anthocyanin colouration of nodes, panicle: length of main axis, panicle: curvature of main axis, spikelet: density of pubescence of lemma, panicle: awns, panicle:

distribution of awn, panicle: attitude of branches, panicle: exsertion Divergence through D2 statistic following Tocher’s method grouped seventy five farmers’ varieties into eleven divergent clusters Cluster I was the largest one comprising of sixty four varieties followed by cluster IV with two

varieties and rest of the clusters were monogenotypic The pattern of group constellations indicated significant variability among the varieties

Characterization of present genetic material showed considerable variability for most of the morphological characters This variability can be exploited with the attribute based donors for crop improvement and at the same time to seek protection under PPV & FR Act

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agro-IRC14-1229

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE (ORYZS SPP) GENOTYPES IN UGANDA USING MULTIPLEX SSR METHOD

B Oloka 1 , J Lamo 1 , P Rubaihayo 2 , P Gibson 2 , J Vorster 3

1 Cereals Program, NaCRRI Uganda, Kampala, Uganda

2 Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

3 Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Uganda

The ability of 10 SSR markers to characterize 99 rice genotypes was tested They consisted of 61 breeding materials from NaCRRI, 24 from IRRI, 12 from AfricaRice and 2 from local farmers DNA was extracted from fresh young leaves using miniprep method (Dellaporta et al., 1983) from

NaCRRI Biosciences laboratory Genotyping was done from the Forestry and Agricultural

Biotechnology Institute (FABI) in University of Pretoria, South Africa The labeled markers were multiplexed in 3 panels prior to fragment analysis using Genscan 3500 and allele calls were made using GeneMapper software version 4.1

Key results:

The results showed that the markers were highly polymorphic, were able to determine the diversity

of the study materials, cluster and reveal 5 groups among them AMOVA results revealed that 97%

of the diversity observed is explained by differences among and within the genotypes themselves and only 3% by their centers of origin

These markers demonstrated that they could be used to characterize the whole collection of rice available in NaCRRI Employing them in the rice breeding program would identify highly diverse rice groups from which parents could be selected for developing high yielding, stress

resistant/tolerant rice in Uganda and the eastern African region

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IRC14-1239

EVALUATION OF NET GENETIC DIVERSITY OF IN-SITU CONSERVATION SITE FOR WILD RICE IN THAILAND

R Kaewcheenchai 1 , P Doungsoongnern 1 , U Promnart 1 , S Chotechuen 2 , S Chitrakon 3 ,

R Ishikawa 4

1 Rice department, Prachinburi Rice Research Center, Prachinburi, Thailand

2 Rice department, Pathumthani Rice Research Center, Pathumthani, Thailand

3 Rice department, Bureau of Rice Research and development, Bangkok, Thailand

4 Hirosaki University, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Aomori, Japan

Purpose:

The common wild rice, Oryza rufipongon, is important germplasm resource which have been used

to improve various traits in cultivated varieties especially to improve biotic and abiotic stress

tolerance Actually, we have identified and screened acidic soil tolerant wild rice plants in in-situ

conserved areas However, we do not know precise diversity or range of diversity among wild rice

In order to understand the diversity of O rufipongon in Thailand which has been maintained at situ conserved areas, we evaluated the wild rice resources

in-Approach and methods used:

In Thailand, there are three in-situ conserved populations, Prachinburi (PCR), Pathumthani (PTT)

and Sakonnakorn (SKN) province We have collected samples and genotyped with 12 SSR

markers

Key results:

Observed hetrozygosity (Ho) indicated number of heterozygotes Laos in-situ conserved population (Wang et al., 2013) indicated 0.328 In contrast, All Thai populations revealed higher scores as

0.372 (NHL), 0.473 (PCR), and 0.479 (PTT) He (expected heterozygosity) score can be

represented as genetic diversity Based on our previous report (Wang et al., 2013), Laos

population showed 0.545 It was relatively lower than that in Thai populations Thai higher scores resulted from population structure of Thai wild rice It would be due to that Thai populations are generally composed from perennial plants Accessions in National Bio-Resource (NBR) was, then applied to a comparison, which is composed from representatives around Asia PCA analysis clearly showed that distribution of Thai populations separated from each other and also from NBR

A phylogenetic tree by using Neighbor-joining method also clearly showed the three Thai

populations were composed from different genetic components Surprisingly, two Thai wild rice

accessions in NBR were not included in same clades of in-situ conserved accessions Other four wild accessions (two Thai, one India, and one Laos accessions) were close to the in-situ conserved

clades but not included in the clades These data clearly showed that still there are wide range of diversity in Thailand

These results suggest that great value for in-situ conservation methodology to lead them to be

applied to rice breeding

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IRC14-1252

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOTOSYSTEM I SUBUNIT F GENE IN RICE

R Ramamoorthy 1 , B Vishal 1 , S Ramachandran 2 , P.P Kumar 1

1 Biological Sciences, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE, Singapore, Singapore

2 Genome Structural Biology, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore

Purpose:

To understand the molecular basis of semi-dwarf phenotype of the rice mutant line

Insertional mutagenesis using Ac/Ds transposable element system to study the gene functions is

one of the approaches in functional genomics A semi-dwarf rice mutant was isolated from a pool

of Ds insertion lines TAIL-PCR method was used to identify Ds insertion position and isolate

flanking sequence tags Overexpression and double stranded RNAi and genetic complementation analyses will be used to link the mutant phenotype and the tagged gene

Key results:

The homozygous mutant plants exhibited reduction in plant height, tiller numbers and yield when

compared with the wild type TAIL-PCR analysis revealed that Ds had inserted into Oryza sativa PHOTOSYSTEM I SUBUNIT F (OsPSI-F) gene Genomic Southern blot analysis showed that ospsi-f mutant had a single copy of Ds insertion

OsPSI-F is a member of an integral membrane protein complex that uses light energy to mediate electron transfer from plastocyanin to ferredoxin An earlier report of down regulation of its homolog

in Arabidopsis also showed smaller plant phenotype Genetic manipulations studies of OsPSI-F

may lead to identify the functions and how it can be utilized to improve the crop

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IRC14-1293

LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS, AND GEOGRAPHICAL DIVERGENCE IN THE WILD RICE (ORYZA RUFIPOGON GRIFF.) GENE POOL OF THE INDOCHINA PENINSULA

T Pusadee 1 , S Jamjod 2 , B Rerkasem 3 , B Schaal 4

1 Plant Science and Natural Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

2 Lanna Rice Research and Cultural Centre, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

3 CMUPMlab, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

4 Biology, Washington University in St Louis, Missouri, USA

Purpose:

The Indochina Peninsula is a primary center of diversity for rice (Oryza sativa L.) and lies partly in the geographical region where rice was first domesticated In this region the wild ancestor (O rufipogon Griff.) of cultivated rice is still abundant although potentially endangered by urbanization,

the expansion of agricultural fields, and by introgressive hybridization with locally cultivated rice

varieties O rufipogon is the primary gene pool of rice, and is of high conservation value

To determine genetic diversity and population structure of O rufipogon, we genotyped nearly a

thousand individuals at twenty microsatellite loci

Key results:

We found ecological differentiation between annual and perennial life-history traits, and among four countries; Cambodia, Laos, Maynmar and Thailand Our analysis indicates that annual wild rice has reduced genetic variation compared to perennial rice, most likely due to genetic drift and inbreeding However, in the agro-ecosystems of Indochina wild and cultivated rice are grown in close proximity leaving plentiful opportunity for hybridization and alteration of the original wild rice gene pool Introgression of cultivated rice into wild rice populations has been already documented

in several studies

In situ conservation of the gene pool of O rufipogon Griff must focus on isolation of the

conservation area and rice fields As agriculture intensifies, the genetic integrity of the wild rice gene pool is increasingly endangered In addition, differentiation among life-history traits and geographical regions suggests that wild rice is adapted to local conditions, indicating that wild rice

in natural habitats from multiple regions should be conserved

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IRC14-1301

PHENOTYPIC VARIATION IN WATER EXTRACTION CAPACITY OF ORYZA SATIVA L

B Punzalan 1 , M Dingkhun 1 , M.R Laza 1

1 Crop and Environmental Science Division, International Rice Research Institute,

Los Baños Laguna, Philippines

Purpose:

Permanent wilting point (WP) is the minimum soil moisture below which the plant experiences irreversible drought damage and can no longer recover its turgidity According to FAO, a WP of pF 4.2, or about -15 bar soil water tension (SMT), is applicable to all crops and is generally used in crop models This assumption may be inaccurate This study characterized 300 diverse indica rice accessions for their capacity to extract moisture from the soil as part of the GRiSP Global Rice Phenotyping Network

Plants (6 replicates per accession) were grown in pots with 1 L soil (36% clay; 19% sand; 45% silt) and 5 cm standing water until the roots had explored the entire soil volume Then, each pot was completely sealed with a plastic bag to prevent evaporation, exposing only the shoot A subset of pots was weighed at 2-3 days interval until constant weight, or about two weeks after, to monitor water loss to transpiration Plants were completely wilted and yellow at this stage Soil moisture content (SMC) was measured gravimetrically and SMT was calculated using a soil water retention curve specifically established for the soil

Key results:

Results showed significant differences in final SMC and SMT among accessions, suggesting broad-sense heritability Transpiration ceased at -3.9 bars SMT on average, with minimal and maximal SMT at -4.93 bars and -2.75 bars, respectively Upland-adapted accessions (UPLRI-5, UPLRI-7, Salumpikit) tolerated lower SMT than most high-yielding lowland varieties Bhutanese cv Ngaja had the greatest extraction, ceasing at -4.6 bars SMT; while IR 22 was worst, ceasing at -3.2 bars None thus achieved the wilting point of -15 bars proposed by FAO Data was used for

Genome-Wide Association Studies to discover genes involved in this trait

Climate models predict an increasing drought risk within the century for many regions, while

irrigation water is becoming scarcer Water extraction capacity of roots is a component trait of drought tolerance particularly for rainfed lowland systems where root system depth is limited, or where residual soil moisture use is important Rainfed-lowland varieties are mostly indicas Our results may be helpful in developing drought-tolerant varieties through molecular breeding

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IRC14-1347

SEED PHENOTYPE AND GENOTYPE ASSOCIATION OF COLORED RICE WITH

COMPLEMENTARY GENES, RC/RD AND PP/PB

J.R Labios 1 , I.P Navea 1 , C.T Chung 2 , K Titong 1 , Y Yoon 2 , D.H Lee 2 , K.W Yi 2 , J Chin 1

1 Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology, The International Rice Research Institute,

Metro Manila, Philippines

2 Crop Resource Research Division,

Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Yesan, Korea

Purpose:

Rice varieties show pigment variation can cause pericarps to have red, brown or dark purple

colors Aside from aesthetics, colored rice is associated with antioxidant properties beneficial for consumers With this health property value to the local market, countries in Asia and Africa culture

rice varieties that have colored pericarp Associated with colored pericarps are four genes, Rd for red pericarp, Pp and Pb genes for purple pericarp and either the presence of Rc or Pb for brown

pericarp Assessment through seed phenotype and gene-association of the collection of colored rice from various countries was conducted

Total of 114 colored rice varieties were collected from Africa (32 dark purple, 12 red, 8 brown, 7 white), Asia (1 dark purple, 18 red, 25 brown, 10 white) and Latin America (1 red) Seed phenotype (i.e surface area, length and width) and RGB color properties of the pericarps were measured and

analyzed using ImageJ Genotypic evaluation consisted of Rc, Rd and Pp, Pb gene-specific

markers

Key results:

Each of the three seed shape phenotypes did not show significant correlation with each of the RGB color levels measured in ImageJ Through bare eye assessment of the pericarps, 33 varieties are dark purple, 31 are red, 33 are brown and 17 are white This was corresponded with the RGB color levels measured and allowed color blocking range estimates of RGB color for white, brown, red

and dark purple pericarp In the genotypic evaluation, 66 varieties, 34 from Rc/Rd, 33 from Pp/Pb

results and one from both, corresponded with bare eye and RGB color level assessments, however the color prediction using the marker combinations were not matched with the actual colors for more than 40 varieties, implying the presence of more color-linked genes through genome

Assessing colored rice through their color elements and gene-specific association will allow the future development and selection of high-yielding and quality colored rice for the high-value rice market The newly identified donors with good agronomic performance will be used for the sources

of a high-yielding 'heirloom rice' with increased effect of anti-oxidant

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IRC14-1356

GERMPLASM CHARACTERIZATION AT THE INTERNATIONAL RICE GENEBANK (IRG) IN IRRI

R Reano 1 , M Almazan 1 , M Naredo 1 , G Capilit 1 , S Mercado 1 , K McNally 1 , N Sackville Hamilton 1

1

TTChang Genetic Resources Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños,

Philippines

Purpose:

The International Rice Genebank (IRG) in the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) holds in

trust more than 121,000 available accessions representing the diversity in Oryza germplasm

Understanding and utilization of this diversity relies on the accurate characterization and evaluation

of each accession

The IRG uses 2007 version of the Descriptors for Rice (Oryza spp) published by Bioversity

International, IRRI and WARDA The shift to automated data collection started in 2013 with two major innovations: (1) the use of handheld devices that displays information in forms designed like datasheets using the IRRI-developed program Field Lab, and (2) the soon-to-be implemented Image Analysis System (IAS) for obtaining grain length and width measurements from scanned images Validated characterization data are uploaded to and can be viewed from the Genetic Resources Information Management System (GRIMS) With advances in genomics and

computational biology, IRG is now breaking new ground in enhancing the use of rice germplasm by augmenting phenotype data with sequence and genotype information

Key results:

Paperless characterization resulted to quicker and cost effective data collection by saving paper for data sheets and time for encoding and proofreading data Ninety eight percent of the collection had been characterized A panel of 15,000 entries that represent the range of diversity of rice

germplasm was established for the Rice Genetic Diversity Platform, a collective research

undertaking for gene discovery and precision breeding Subsets of this panel were subjected to high-resolution genotyping with 700,000 SNPs (www.ricesnp.org) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology A global consortium of partners is phenotyping subsets of the panels for high-impact traits The International Rice Informatics Consortium (IRIC) handles the high-density

datasets from these activities including tools for analysis of genomic fingerprints and associated traits

Developments in characterization are envisioned to enhance germplasm management by reducing cost of generating data, and germplasm utilization through timely access to information by

breeders and other rice scientists With the release of sequence and genotype data, large-scale discovery of alleles for important phenotypes is predicted to advance rice breeding technology and positively impact rice improvement programs

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IRC14-1420

PHENOMICS AND GWAS FOR RICE EARLY VIGOR RELATED TRAITS: RELEVANCE OF NON STRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES AND PLANT GROWTH MODEL PARAMETERS RELATED TO CARBON SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS

M.C Rebolledo 1 , M Dingkhun 2 , B Courtois 3 , D Cruz 1 , A Clement Vidal 3 , N Sonderreger 3 ,

D Luquet 3

1

Agrobiodiversity, CIAT, Cali-Palmira, Colombia

2 CESD, IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines

3 AGAP, CIRAD, Montpellier, France

Purpose:

Until now no GWAS targeted early vigor (the capacity of the seedling to grow rapidly and colonize efficiently space and resources, commonly characterized by (shoot) biomass Accumulation) in particular for rice Nevertheless, early vigor is crucial for rice plant adaptation to dense stands as practiced for direct seeding or to cropping systems favoring high weed pressure

Recently, phenomics studies highlighted that the genetic diversity observed in terms of rice early vigor was explained by the way the plant allocates Non Structural Carbohydrates (NSC: hexoses, sucrose, starch) to structural growth (sink activity).It was also demonstrated that, by formalizing in

a simplified way within a plant growth model (Ecomeristem) the Carbon (C) source-to-sink relations underlying plant early morphogenesis and its phenotypic plasticity, it was possible to capture the genetic diversity of processes underlying such a complex trait, based on genotypic model

parameters

In the present study, we tackle the hypothesis that both NSC related traits and genotypic model parameters controlling C source - sink relations are relevant traits to be considered for GWAS Accordingly GWAS was performed using both these types of traits and compared to GWAS

performed on corresponding variables directly measured on the plant (eg shoot dry weight,

tillering, leaf size) 16 664 markers (9727 DArTs and 6717 SNPs, with 46% of the markers

positioned in genic regions) were used based on GBS

Key results:

GWAS pointed out that NSC (in particular starch and the soluble sugar / starch concentration ratio) and model parameters controlling plant development, growth potential and its regulation by C availability, could detect markers that were not detected (or to a lower level) by related measured variables Some markers co-localized with genes involved in cell differentiation at early

developmental stages

This study demonstrated that metabolic traits and ecophysiological model parameters are relevant

to dissect the genetic bases of early vigor Results are discussed with respect to the opportunities and limits metabolomics and complex trait modelling can play in the context of genetic studies and the opportunities for marker assisted breeding

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IRC14-1440

VARIATION OF ZN CONTENT IN POLISHED GRAINS OF INDONESIAN LOCAL RICE

VARIETIES

U Susanto 1 , M Swamy 2

1

Plant Breeding,

Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) of Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research an

d Development (IAARD), Sukamandi Subang, Indonesia

2 Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos, Philippines

It had been conducted measurement of Zn content into 328 accessions using XRF machine Oxford Instrument X-Supreme that had been validated to ICP method The grain samples were obtained from ICRR Germ Plasm Collections planted during DS 2011 to DS 2013

Key results:

The results showed that the Zn content of the local varieties varried from 8.6 ppm (Ijo Gading, acc No 2424) to 37.93 ppm (Pare Ndele A, acc No 673) with the average of 24.36 ppm, median of 24.28 ppm, mode of 24.2 ppm, and standard deviation of mean of 3.74 There were nine accessions (2.74 % of total tested accessions) having Zn content higher than 31.83 ppm (mean + double of standard deviation), i.e Pare Ndele A (37.93 ppm, acc no 673, originated from East Nusatenggara), Dupa (36.70 ppm, acc No 556), Cinta Kasih (33.97 ppm, acc No

1240, originated from Bengkulu), Banda A (33.50 ppm, acc No 509), Kucir (33.30 ppm, acc

No 2448, originated from Wonosobo, Central Java), Pulut Unggul 1 (32.30ppm, acc No

1770, originated from Jambi), Selasih (32.20 ppm, acc No 2734, originated from Kutai, East Kalimantan), Talun Seribu C (32.10 ppm, acc No 1525), Siarang (32.00 ppm, acc No

8230, originated from West Sumatera) Among the tested accessions, there were four

accessions having black aleuron color and 38 red color, while the rest had white color Among the nine accessions that had the higest Zn content, Siarang had black aleuron color while the others had white color

These accessions are potential to be used as additional donor for high Zn and/or antocyanin content in the further breeding activity

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IRC14-1455

PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF DROUGHT-RESPONSIVE TRAITS IN CSSL

POPULATION WITH KDML105 GENETIC BACKGROUND

K Hungsaprug 1 , T Kojonna 1 , M Samleepan 1 , C Punchkhon 1 , S Horpratum 1 , P Plupattanakit 1 ,

S Chadchawan 1 , B Kositsup 1 , W Kasettranun 1 , J Siangliw 2 , T Toojinda 2

1 Botany, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

For normal condition, 25-day old rice seedlings were grown in soil with 100% field capacity For mild and severe drought stress condition, soil water content was maintained at 75 and 50% field capacity After that, samples were collected for physiological parameters determination

Key results:

It was found that CSSL4 showed significant difference in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm),

performance index of photosynthesis (PI), and chlorophyll content detected by SPAD at day 6 under mild stress (soil moisture content at 75% field capacity) condition when compared to

KDML105 The similar trend was also found in the strong drought stress (soil moisture content at 50% field capacity) Whereas, CSSL1 has better performance to maintain cell membrane stability (CMS) when compared to KDML105 at day 9 after treatment, contrastingly, CSSL3 showed the lower performance to maintain CMS than other lines tested

These data suggested the difference in genetic composition involving in the regulation of these traits and not of them are located in drought tolerant genes on chromosome1

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