Các câu điều kiện cơ bản: 1.. Câu điều kiện chỉ khả năng: Dùng để diễn tả một sự kiện có thể hoặc không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại, quá khứ hoặc tơng lai.. Câu giả thiết: Để giả thiết một
Trang 1( Đặng Văn Dơng - Trờng THCS Đại Tự - Yên Lạc - Vĩnh Phúc)
( Tôi còn rất nhiều chuyên đề hay - Giáo viên nào cần xin liên hệ:
• Email: duong_tutrung@yahoo.com.vn
• Hoặc: Greenocean981@yahoo.com.vn
Conditional sentences
I Các câu điều kiện cơ bản:
1 Câu điều kiện chỉ khả năng: Dùng để diễn tả một sự kiện có thể hoặc không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại, quá khứ hoặc tơng lai
Loại I: If + S + V( simple) + O, S + Will/ can +V ( bare)
a Hiện tại:
Eg: If you are right, I am wrong
If you help me, I will help you
b Tơng lai:
Eg: If it's a fine day tomorrow, we'll go for a picnic
c Quá khứ:
Eg: If I said that, I apologize
2 Câu giả thiết: Để giả thiết một sự việc trái với hiện tại hoăc không thể xảy ra trong tơng lai, hoặc đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ
a Diễn tả tình huống không có thực ở hiện tại:
Loại II: If + S + V ( past simple) + O , S + would/ could/ mi ght ( not) + V ( bare ) + O
Eg: If I had enough money, I would buy a new car
* "To be" ở tất cả các ngôi là: were
Eg: If I were you, I wouldn't do that
*** Dùng với " were to + V (bare)
Eg: If you were to come tomorrow, I might have time to see you
b Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ:
Loại III: If + S + had( not) + V (PII) + O, S + would/ could/ might ( not)+ have + V( PII) + O
Eg: If you asked me, I would have helped you
If it had not rained, I might have come
II Câu điều kiện pha trộn:
1 Loại II + Loại III
Eg: If he were a good student, he would have learnt for the exams
2 Loại III + Loại II
Eg: If he had driven carefully, I wouldn't he hungry
* Chú ý: Mệnh đề chính có thể đứng trớc hoặc sau, nhng nếu đứng trớc thì không có dấu phẩy ngăn cách:
Eg: I might have come if it had not rained
III Câu điều kiện ở dạng đảo ngữ không có "If":
1 Loại I:
- If someone calls, please take a message
=> Should someone call , please take a message
- If you tell me the truth, I can help you
=> Should you tell me the truth, I can help you
2 Loại II:
- If I were you , I would eat less
=> Were I you, I would eat less
Trang 2- If I had enough money, I would buy a new car
=> Were I to enough money, I would buy a new car
3 Loại III:
- If you had asked me for advice, I would have helped you
=> Had you asked me for advice, I would have helped you
- If I had not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed in it
=> Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed in it
IV.Các dạng đặc biệt của câu điều kiện :
1 If not = Unless.( trừ khi)
- If you don't hurry, you'll be late for school
=> Unless you hurry, you'll be late for school
2 As long as/ So long as/ Provided that/ Providing that/ On condition that + Clause: ( Miễn là/ với điều kiện)
Eg: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car
3 Supposed/ supposing + Clause: ( Giả sử )
Eg: If the plane is late, what will you do?
=> Supposed the plane is late, What will you do?
4 Without: ( không)
Eg: I wouldn't have finished it on time if you hadn't helped me
=> Without your help, I wouldn't have finished it on time
5 But:
Eg: I would have gone with you if I had had time
=> I would have gone with you, but I didn't have time
Eg: She would buy that house if she had enough money
=> She would buy that house, but she doesn't have enough money
6 But for: ( Nếu không có)
IF it weren't for + Noun/ the fact that + clause
If it hadn't been for + Noun/ the fact that + clause
- Loại II:
Eg: If it weren't for friends, our life would be meaningless
= But for friends, our life would be meaningless
- Loại III:
Eg: If hadn't been for the storm, we would have had good crops
= But for the storm, we would have had good crops
7 If only = wish ( giá nh mà)
- If only he comes on time.( I hope he will come on time)
- If only it didn't rain
- If only I had had money,I would have bought it
8 Only if ( chỉ nếu nh )
- You will get a good job only if you have university education
= Only if you have university education, will/ can you get a good job
9 Otherwise = or ( hoặc)
- If you don't take a taxi, you will be late
= Take a taxi; otherwise/ or; you will be late