Pipe sizing charts tables

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-DataCLOSED SYSTEMS Design Criteria: 3’ Frictional Pressure Drop per 100’ Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec Figure - 1 Friction Loss for CLOSED

Trang 1

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP Varkie C Thomas, Ph.D., P.E IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Pipe Sizing Criteria Schedule 40 Steel

Design: 3'/100' PD , 10 fps max vel High: 5'/100' PD , 12 fps max vel Maxim: 7'/100' PD , 15 fps max vel

Pipe Diameter ThicknessDiameterP.D perVelocity Flow P.D perVelocity Flow P.D perVelocity Flow Size (in) (in) (in) 100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm) 100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm) 100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm)

S-40 Steel

Trang 2

CLOSED SYSTEMS

Design Criteria: 3’ Frictional Pressure Drop per 100’ Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec

Figure - 1 Friction Loss for CLOSED Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel Source: Carrier Systems Design

Trang 3

OPEN SYSTEMS

Design Criteria: 3’ Frictional Pressure Drop per 100’ Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec

Figure - 2 Friction Loss for OPEN Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel Source: Carrier Systems Design

Trang 4

COPPER Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria (ASPE Data Book)

Nominal

(ins) Outside Inside Outside Inside Outside Inside Ft/sec PD’/100’ GPM 0.25 0.375 0.305 0.375 0.315

(ins) Outside Inside Outside Inside Outside Inside Ft/sec PD’/100’ GPM 0.50 0.840 0.622 0.840 0.622 0.782 0.622

Diameter (ins) Diameter (ins) Diameter (ins)

Pipe Sizing Criteria

Schedule 40 PVC Schedule 40 CPVCPolyethylene (75 psi) Pipe Sizing Criteria

Diameter (ins) Diameter (ins) Diameter (ins) Type K Copper Type L Copper

Trang 5

Copper Pipe Sizing Chart

Design Criteria: 3’ Frictional Pressure Drop per 100’ Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec

Figure - 3 Friction Loss for Copper Piping Systems: Types K, L, & M Source: Carrier Systems Design

Trang 6

Pipe Sizing Criteria: Schedule 80 Steel

Schedule 80 Steel S-80 Steel Extra Strong Steel XS Steel

Pipe Size Veloc Diameter ThicknessDiameter Flow Diameter ThicknessDiameter Flow

Trang 7

CAST IRON Physical Data Hydraulic Handbook Colt Industries

Nominal

(ins) Outside Inside Outside Inside Outside Inside Ft/sec PD’/100’ GPM

(ins) Outside Inside (ins) Outside Inside (ins) Outside Inside (ins) 0.38 0.675 0.493 0.091 0.675 0.423 0.126 0.675 0.494 0.092 0.50 0.840 0.622 0.109 0.840 0.546 0.147 0.840 0.625 0.108 0.75 1.050 0.824 0.133 1.050 0.742 0.154 1.050 0.822 0.114 1.00 1.315 1.049 0.133 1.315 0.957 0.179 1.315 1.062 0.127 1.25 1.660 1.380 0.140 1.660 1.278 0.191 1.660 1.368 0.146 1.50 1.900 1.610 0.145 1.900 1.500 0.200 1.900 1.600 0.150 2.00 2.375 2.067 0.154 2.375 1.939 0.218 2.375 2.062 0.157 2.50 2.875 2.469 0.203 2.875 2.325 0.276 2.875 2.500 0.188 3.00 3.500 3.068 0.216 3.500 2.900 0.300 3.500 3.062 0.219 3.50 4.000 3.548 0.226 4.000 3.364 0.318 4.000 3.500 0.250 4.00 4.500 4.026 0.237 4.500 3.826 0.337 4.500 4.000 0.250 5.00 5.563 5.047 0.258 5.563 4.813 0.375 5.563 5.062 0.251 6.00 6.625 6.065 0.280 6.625 5.761 0.432 6.625 6.125 0.250 8.00 8.625 7.981 0.322 8.625 7.625 0.500 8.625 8.000 0.313

Trang 8

PIPE DESIGN BASED ON HAZEN WILLIAMS FORMULA( f = 0.2083 x (100/C)^1.85 x Q^1.85/D^4.8635 )

Source: Cameron Hydraulic Data, 1926-62

Pipe Sizing Criteria for Cast Iron and Steel: Cameron Hydraulic Data, 1926-62 Old Pipes: C = 100

Values of C

Copper, Brass, Tin, Lead, Glass

Sizing Criteria: 3’ PD per 100’ Pipe Length

155 to 120

High (smooth, clean) Low (old, corroded) Average Design (old)

130C= 155 represents new, clean smooth surfaces C = 80 represents old, corroded, rough surfaces150 to 80 130 100

Pipe Material

Steel: XXS

Cast Iron Steel : Sch-40 & Sch-80 Steel : XS Steel: XXS

140

Cast Iron Steel : Sch-40 & Sch-80 Steel : XS

Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, Steel (seamless)

Trang 9

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP Varkie C Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Dynamic Pressure Losses through Fittings

EL = L/D* D (EL = Equivalent Length L=Pipe Length, D = Pipe Diameter)Velocity Pressure Factor (K) for Water : K = C*D**E: Pressure Drop (PD) = K*VP

ColRo

A8 90 deg Elbow: Regular Screwed EL90-RG-SC 45 53 61 45 36 30 35A9 90 deg Elbow: Long Radius Screwed EL90-LR-SC 25 29 34 25 20 15 20A10 90 deg Elbow: Regular Flanged EL90-RG-Fl 45 53 61 45 36 30 35A11 90 deg Elbow: Long Radius Flanged EL90-LR-FL 25 29 34 25 20 15 20A12 45 deg Elbow: Regular Screwed EL45-RG-SC 25 29 34 25 20 20 25A13 45 deg Elbow: Regular Flanged El45-RG-FL 15 18 20 15 12 15 20A14 Return U-Bend: Regular Screwed BEND-RG-SC 90 105 123 90 72 70 75A15 Return U-Bend: Regular Flanged BEND-RG-FL 90 105 123 90 72 70 75A16 Return U-Bend: Long Radius BEND-LR-SC 50 59 68 50 40 45 45

A18 Tee: Branch Flow Screwed TEE-BF-SC 65 76 89 65 52 65 70

A20 Tee: Branch Flow Flanged TEE-BF-FL 65 76 89 65 52 65 70

FITTING IDENTIFICATION

0.26512.4

1.350.4250.4260.9

L/D Factors

00.5

0

0.450.40.35

1.85

1

0.0830.05

0.22

-0.3747-0.4695-0.2851-0.5609-0.6644

0

-0.1365-0.1414-0.5-0.255-0.51820

Expon E

-0.6092-0.8787-0.253-0.463

K Factors Coeff C

1.50.75

Trang 10

Dynamic Pressure Losses through Valves

EL = L/D* D (EL = Equivalent Length L=Pipe Length, D = Pipe Diameter)Velocity Pressure Factor (K) for Water : K = C*D**E: Pressure Drop (PD) = K*VP

ColRo

wA8 DescriptionAngle : Screwed ANGLE-SC Water Glycol Brine175 205 238 Diesel GasolineSteam Gas175 140 150 200

A13 Check Swing : Screwed CHECK-SC 150 176 204 150 120 75 100A14 Check Swing : Flanged CHECK-FL 150 176 204 150 120 75 100

A19 Globe : Screwed GLOBE-SC 350 410 477 350 280 300 350A20 Globe : Flanged GLOBE-FL 350 410 477 350 280 300 350A21 Globe : Electric Motor GLOBE-EM 350 410 477 350 280 300 350A22 Globe : Pneumatic Motor GLOBE-PM 350 410 477 350 280 300 350

012.50.8

K Factors L/D Factors

FITTING IDENTIFICATION

Name

12.50.2412.50.2412.50.24

0.2410.240.2412.512.512.5

12.50.24012.50.8

Expon E

4.54.2512.50.24

0.24

12.512.512.5

Coeff C

4.54.2512.50.2412.5

12.5

20.241

0.2412.5

23.5

12.53.5

0.240.24

Trang 11

Skidmore, Owings Merrill Varkie C Thomas, Ph.D., P.E IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

PROPERTIES OF HIGH TEMPERATURE HOT WATER Increase in Frictional Pressure Loss due to Pipe Age

Hydraulic Handbook by Colt Industries

Temp Satur Density Specific Kinem Sp Heat

deg F Press lb/cu ft Gravity = Viscos Btu/lb oF Pipe Age Small Medium Large

Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec)

Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62.4 )

Liquid

Density (lb/cu ft) Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec) Specific heat (Btu/lb oF) Specific heat (Btu/lb oF)

Temperature Properties

Density (lb/cu ft)

Specific heat (Btu/lb oF)

Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec) Specific heat (Btu/lb oF) Density (lb/cu ft) Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec) Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62.4 )

Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62.4 ) Density (lb/cu ft)

Trang 12

STEAM PRESSURE CLASSIFICATION AND PIPE SIZING DESIGN CRITERIA

LOW PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)

Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 3.5 psig Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 12 psig

100 150

30 50

Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe

10 High

Press (psig) (psi/100ft) PD (psig)

Low Low

3.5 12

(ft/min)

Medium High

0.25 0.5

1 3.5 0.75

1

7.5

Sizing Criteria Maxim System

10,000 10,000

4,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 2

Pressure Classifications

Low: 0 to 15 psig

Vacuum: Less than 0 psig

Pressure Initial Steam

Trang 13

MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)

HIGH PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)

Pressure Drop (psi / 100 ft)

Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe

Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 60 psig Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 30 psig

Pipe Slope (in / 10 ft)

Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 60 psig Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe

Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 30 psig

Trang 14

Pressure Drop (psi/100’) sizing criteria for open gravity (sloped pipe) condensate return

PD (psi per 100 feet) PD (psi per 100 feet)

PD (psi per 100 feet) Supply Steam at 30 psig

Supply Steam at 100 psig Supply Steam at 150 psig

Supply Steam at 150 psig

PD (psi per 100 feet) PD (psi per 100 feet)

PD (psi per 100 feet) Supply Steam at 5 psig Supply Steam at 15 psig

PD (psi per 100 feet) PD (psi per 100 feet) Supply Steam at 50 psig Supply Steam at 100 psig

Trang 15

PROPERTIES OF STEAM

psig deg F cuft Liquid Latent psig deg F cuft Liquid Latent

Trang 16

Skidmore, Owings Merrill, LLP Varkie C Thomas, Ph.D., P.E IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Example: 6800 lbs per hour of steam flow in a 2 ½ inch pipe at 100 psig pressure.

What is the pressure (psi) drop per 100 ft length of pipe and the flow velocity?

Answer: psi/100’ = 11 velocity = 32,000 fpm

Figure - 17 Steam Flow Rates at Various Pressures and Velocities for Schedule 40 Pipe Source:

ASHRAE

Trang 17

Trang 18

Trang 19

Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Varkie C Thomas, Ph.D., P.E IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Natural Gas Pipe Sizing Tables and Charts

Steel Pipe - Schedule 40

· inlet upstream pressure is more than 5 psig (35 kPa)

· fittings factor 1.2 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 20%

For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf In general it is common to set

· 1 Cubic Foot (CF) = Approx 1,000 BTUs

· 1 CFH ≈ 1 MBH

· 1 Btu/h = 0.293 W

Trang 20

Steel Pipe - Schedule 40

· pressure less than 1 1/2 psig· pressure drop 0.5 inches water column

· specific gravity of natural gas· energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb

· 1 Cubic Foot (CF) = Approx 1,000 BTUs· 1 CFH = 1 MBH

· common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length

in table above = pipe length + 50%

For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about

900 to 1100 BTU/cf In general it is common to set

Capacity of Pipe (MBH ≈ CFH)

Pipe Size (in) Pipe Length (ft)

Trang 21

OutsidDia

· pressure less than 1 1/2 psig · pressure less than 1 1/2 psig

· common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length · common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length

in table above = pipe length + 50% in table above = pipe length + 50%

· pressure drop 0.5 inches water column · pressure drop 0.5 inches water column

· specific gravity of natural gas 0.6 · specific gravity of natural gas 0.6

· energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb · energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb

· One MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per hour · One MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per hour

Trang 22

The capacity of a low pressure natural gas (less than 1 psi) pipe line can be calculated with the Spitzglass formula like

q = 3550 k ( h / l SG)1/2 (1)

where

q = natural gas flow capacity (cfh) h = pressure drop (in Water Column)

l = length of pipe (ft) k = [d 5 /(1 + 3.6/d + 0.03 d)] 1/2

d = inside diameter pipe (in) SG = specific gravity

For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf In general it is common to set

1 Cubic Foot (CF) = approx 1,000 BTUs

1 CFH = 1 MBH

The specific gravity of natural gas varies from 0.55 to 1.0

The downstream pressure in a houseline after the meter/regulator is in general in the

range of 7 to 11 inches Water Column, or about 1/4 psi

Example - Natural Gas Pipe Capacity

The capacity of a 100 ft natural gas pipe with a nominal diameter 0.5 inches (actual ID 0.622 in )

and 0.5 inches WC pressure drop can be calculated as

k = [(0.622 in )5 /(1 + 3.6 / (0.622 in) + 0.03 (0.622 in))]0.117

q = 3550 0.117 ( (0.5 in) / (100 ft) 0.60 ) 1/2 = 37.9 cfh

Specific gravity of natural gas is set to 0.60

Trang 23

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill Varkie C Thomas, Ph.D., P.E IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Fixture Data : Domestic Hot and Cold Water

Supply Minim Fixture Code PSIG GPM Cold Hot Total Cold Hot Total Cold Hot

Conversion Table : Fixture Units to GPM (from ASPE Data Book)

GPM Tank Valve GPM Tank Valve Gpm Tank Valve GPM Tank Valve

Trang 24

Horizontal Fixture Branches and Stacks Building Drains and Sewers

Diam Fixture 3 Br Interv Total for Total at One Diam (ins) Branch or Less Stack Br Interval (ins) 1/16 inch 1/8 inch 1/4 inch 1/2 inch

Max Fixture Units that may be Connected

Slope per Foot More than 3 Br Intervals

Trang 25

Horizontal Vent Sizing Table (BOCA National Plumbing Code)

Maximum Developed Length of Vent (feet)

Diameter of Vent (inches)

Trang 26

Maximum Developed Length of Vent (feet)

Diameter of Vent (inches)

Trang 27

ROOF DRAIN AND LEADER SIZING

Size of Drain or Leader Diameter (in.)

Maximum Rainfall (in./hr) Maximum Rainfall (in./hr)

Maximum Rainfall (in./hr)

Plumbing Storm Water Sizing Storm 5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Trang 28

Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Varkie C Thomas, Ph.D., P.E IBM-AES Piping Design Software Ref-Data

Example of Primary-Secondary Piping Network System

Section No. Terminal Units (100 gpm each)

Pumps Chillers Cooling Coils

R5

R4

R6 S4

Cooling Coils (300 gpm each)

Trang 29

Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Varkie C Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.IBM-AES Piping Design Software Ref-Data

CHWS

CWR

Booster CHWS Pump

CHWR

Chilled Water Loop

Building Envelope

CHILLER PLANT

Primary Chilled Water Pumps

Định dạng
Số trang	29
Dung lượng	2,38 MB