- Give the normal equation of ellipse and students find the way to prove the normal equation of ellipse in the text book.. - Problem 1,2,4 help students to know "How to build different
Trang 1Ellipse
Trang 2Softwares needed for this lesson: Powerpoint, Sketchpad
Subject: Mathematics
Trang 3 Short Description:
- Give the definiton of ellipse.
- Give the normal equation of ellipse and students find the way
to prove the normal equation of ellipse in the text book
- Problem 1,2,4 help students to know "How to build different ellipses ?”
- Problem 3 helps students to expand ellipse equation.
Objectives of Lesson: At the end of lesson, students can get to
know the definition of elipse and the normal equation of ellipse.
Methods of teaching and activities: Simulation and use of ICT
How ICT is used : Simulation and tutorial
Objectives of ICT use : use of simulation to visualize a concept
Classroom management: Devide students into groups
Trang 4Teacher’s activities Student’s activities
-Presentation and hyperlink to present the
movement of planets orbiting around the sun -Look at Screen
-Give questions, definition and normal equation
- Give problems
- Give the guideline to students to build up
the model of elipse in the problems
- Give questions
- Practice on computer to draw the figures
-Answer and explain
- Feedback
-Assessment
-Give homeworks
-Distribute the handouts
Step-by-step:
Trang 5Nguyen Van Hien
Le Qui Don High School, Quang Tri, Vietnam
Trang 6Constructing an Ellipse
M
N
F 2
F 1
A C B
The locus of these two points is
an ellipse.
Construct the two intersection
points of the circles.
Construct another circle with
center F2 and radius CB.
Construct a circle with center
F1 and radius AC.
Given segments AB and two point F1,F2 .
The moving point C is on the segments AB
Trang 7 Given two fixed points F1,F2 in
the plane so that F1F2 = 2c >0
and a positive number a > c .
an Ellipse.
Points F1, F2 called the focuses.
F1F2 = 2c is called focal length.
When M is on the Ellipse, then MF1 and MF2 are called focal radius of M.
Trang 8Normal equation
Let us choose the square coordinate systems
Oxy so that: F1(-c,0) , F2( c, 0).
4
2
-2
-4
M
P
Q
(1) with b2 2 2 = a2-c2.
a + b =
Ellipse (E) cut x-axis at D(-a,0) and E(a,0), DE is called the major axis . The major axis then is of length 2a
Ellipse (E) cut y-axis at P(0,b) and Q(0,-b),PQ is called the minor of the Ellipse . The minor axis is of length 2b
Equation (1) is called the normal
equation of Ellipse.
The equation of the ellipse then can be written as
Trang 9 2) If we choose the square system of coordinates
Oxy so that F1(0,-c), F2 (0, c). In this case the focuses
is on the y-axis. then Equation of Ellipse (E) is:
2 2
2 2 1
x y
b + a =
1) If M(x,y) on ellipse (E) then we have:
MF1+MF2 =2a
MF12–MF22= 4cx
2cx
a
MF1–MF2 =
cx a
a
+
a
a
−
Trang 10Problem 1
Given a point A and a circle (B; R) with the centre B and radius
R so that 0 < AB <R.
The moving point C is on the circle. M is the intersection point of the segment BC and the perpendicular bisector of AC
Find the locus of the point M
M
B A
C
Hint:
M is on the segment BC , MA = MC
⇒ MA+MB=MC+MB = BC = R
Trang 11 Hence it follows that the locus of C
is the ellipse (E) :
Problem 2
Given a circle with the diameter AB = 2R. The moving point M
is on the circle. N is the foot of perpendicular line through M to
AB. Point C on MN so that: NC = kMN (0<k<1)
Find the locus of C
6
4
2
-2
-4
-6
M
C
Hint:
Let us choose the square coordinate system of
Oxy so that A (-R, 0), B(R, 0).
The point M is on the circle xM2 + yM2 = R 2
⇒
⇒
xC = xM ,yC= kyM
( )
R + kR =
2 2
2
)
1
k
x C + C =
⇒
2 2
2 2 1 ( )
R + kR =
Trang 12Problem 3
Find the equation of the Ellipse (E) passing through point A(1,-1) with the focuses
F1(-3,1) and F2 (1,1)
then 2a = MF1+MF2 =
a = 2,
⇒
1
2c = F1F2 = 4 c = 2 , b⇒ 2 = a 2 – c 2 = 4,
The equation of the Ellipse (E) is
Hint:
B(-1,1) is the midpoint of F1F2 and
F1F2 // Ox
Trang 13equation is
Problem 4
In the plane Oxy, given two concentric circles (C) and (C’) with
centre O and the radii are a, b (a > b).
A moving ray Ot cutting (C) and (C’) at M and N respectively.
From M construct a parallel line to the Ox axis. From N construct
a parallel line to the Oy axis
Denote that the intersection of two constructed lines is E.
Find the locus of E.
1 cos
2
2
2
=
+
b
y a
x E E
) 0
( ≤α ≤ π
Hint:
2
-2
-4
E M
O N
1 2
2
2
2
=
+
b
y a
x E E
, cos α
a x
xE = M = yE = yN = b sin α
Trang 14 Given a point A and a circle (B;R) with the centre B and radius R
so that 0 < AB < R. Find the locus of the centre of the circles
passing through the point A and tangent to the circle (B)
b) Given A(4, 0) , B( - 4, 0) and R = 10. Find the equation of the locus
Trang 15Solution:
a) M is the centre of the Circle (M) ,which
passes through point A and contact with the
j
M
B N
1
25 9
x y
+ =
Then M lie on the segment BN and we have
BN = R , MA = MN
MA+MB = MN+MB = NB = R = constant. Its
follows that:
The locus is the Ellipse with the focuses A, B
and sum of focal radius is R
b) If A (4, 0), B (- 4, 0) and R = 10
Equation of the locus is
2c = AB = 8 c = 4, R = 10 a = 5,
b 2 = a 2 – c 2 = 25 - 16 = 9
Trang 161. The ladder is leaning against a brick wall and has a bucket
resting on one of its rungs. Slowly, the ladder starts to slide down the wall. What path does the bucket trace?
M
B
A
3. Discuss and draw the graph of
16x 2 +9y 2 -32x+36y-92=0
2. Give a circle (A) in the circle (B) Find the locus of the centre
of the circles contact with the circles (A) and (B)
Trang 1717