Cordes Science Department Chair Rivera Middle School/ El Rancho USD Pico Rivera, CA Justin Cunningham EdD Coordinator, Small School District Services San Diego, County Office of Educati
Trang 1New York, New York Columbus, Ohio Chicago, Illinois Peoria, Illinois Woodland Hills, California
Trang 2Focus On Physical Science
The Palomar Observatory in north San
Diego County is home to many telescopes
including the Hale Telescope The 5.1m Hale
Telescope is used nightly for astronomical
studies.
Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Except as permitted under
the United States Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any
form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission
of the publisher
The National Geographic features were designed and developed by National Geographic’s Children’s
Books and Education Division Copyright © National Geographic The name “National Geographic”
and the Yellow Border Rectangle are trademarks of National Geographic and their use, without prior
written permission, is strictly prohibited
Send all inquiries to:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, OH 43240-4027
ISBN-13: 978-0-07-879440-7
ISBN-10: 0-07-879440-4
Printed in the United States of America
Science n l i n e
Study Tools
•
• Interactive Tables
• Interactive Time Line
• Animated Illustrations
• Lesson Self-Check Quizzes
• Chapter Test Practice
• Standardized Test Practice
• Vocabulary PuzzleMaker
• Interactive Tutor
• Multilingual Science Glossary
• Study to Go
• Online Student Edition
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Extensions
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• Microscopy Links
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• Prescreened Web Links
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For Teachers
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Check out the following features on your
Online Learning Center:
ca8.msscience.com
Trang 3Introduction to Investigation and
Experimentation 2 9.a, 9.b, 9.c, 9.e, 9.f, 9.g
Unit 1
Motion and Forces 42
Chapter 1 Motion 44
1.a, 1.b, 1.c, 1.d, 1.e, 1.f, 9.b, 9.d, 9.e, 9.f
Chapter 2 Forces 84 2.a, 2.b, 2.c, 2.d, 2.e, 2.f, 9.a, 9.d, 9.g
Chapter 3 Density and Buoyancy 126 8.a, 8.b, 8.c, 8.d, 9.f
Unit 2
Structure of Matter 168
Chapter 4 Understanding the Atom 170 3.a, 3.f, 7.b, 9.e
Chapter 5 Combining Atoms and Molecules 214 3.a, 3.b, 3.c, 3.f, 7.c, 9.a, 9.e
Chapter 6 States of Matter 250 3.d, 3.e, 9.e, 9.g
Chapter 7 The Periodic Table and
Physical Properties 286 3.f, 5.d, 7.a, 7.b, 7.c, 9.a, 9.e
Unit 3
Chemical Interactions 332
Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions 334 3.b, 3.f, 5.a, 5.b, 5.c, 7.c, 9.a, 9.e
Chapter 9 Acids and Bases in Solution 376 5.e, 7.c, 9.a, 9.b, 9.e
Chapter 10 Chemistry of Living Systems 418 3.c, 6.a, 6.b, 6.c, 9.c
Unit 4
Earth in Space 456
Chapter 11 Our Solar System 458 2.g, 4.c, 4.d, 4.e, 9.a, 9.e
Chapter 12 Stars and Galaxies 504 2.g, 4.a, 4.b, 4.c, 4.d, 9.d
Trang 4The California Science Teacher Advisory Board provided valuable input in the
development of the 2007 edition of Focus On Physical Science They helped create
the scope and sequence of the Student Edition, provided content and pedagogical
comments, and provided feedback for the Teacher Wraparound Edition.
Charles Beecroft
8th Grade Science
Teacher
Columbia School District
Redding, CA
Tom Castro
Science Teacher
Martinez JHS/
Martinez USD
Martinez, CA
Lisa L Cordes
Science Department
Chair
Rivera Middle School/
El Rancho USD
Pico Rivera, CA
Justin Cunningham
EdD
Coordinator, Small
School District Services
San Diego, County Office
of Education
San Diego, CA
Richard Filson
Science Department
Chair
Edison High School,
Stockton Unified
School District
Stockton, CA
Bruce Fisher
Distinguished Teacher
in Residence
Humboldt State
University
Arcata, CA
Douglas Fisher
Director of Professional Development
City Heights Educational Collaborative
San Diego, CA
Mindi Fisher
Leadership Team Administrator Peninsula Union School District
Samoa, CA
Frederick W Freking
Faculty Advisor University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA
Nancy Frey
Associate Professor of Literacy
San Diego State University San Diego, CA
Maria C Grant
Teacher Hoover High School/
San Diego City School and San Diego State University
San Diego, CA
Patrick Horton
Science Teacher Day Creek Intermediate School
Etiwanda, CA
Patty Horton
Patricia Juárez
Coordinator III Sacramento City Unified School District
Sacramento, CA
Kathy Molnar
Professional Development Mentor Etiwanda School District Etiwanda, CA
Carol Orton
Teacher Bernardo Heights Middle School San Diego, CA
Joycalyn Peoples
Science Specialist Riverside Unified School District
Riverside, CA
Wendi L Rodriguez
Teacher Heritage/Snowline JUSD Phelan, CA
Gladys Sorensen
Science Department Chair
Patrick Henry Middle School
Grenada Hills, CA
Granger B Ward
Trang 5Authors
Laurel Dingrando,
MAT
Secondary Science
Coordinator
Garland Independent
School District
Garland, TX
Douglas Fisher, PhD
Director of Professional
Development and
Professor
City Heights Educational
Collaborative, San
Diego State University
San Diego, CA
Jennifer Gonya, PhD
Science Content Consultant The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
David G Haase, PhD
Professor of Physics and Director of The Science House
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC
Cindy Klevickis, PhD
Professor of Integrated Science and Technology James Madison University Harrisonburg, VA
Isaac Turiel, PhD
Retired Staff Scientist Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
Margaret K Zorn, MS
Science Writer Yorktown, VA
Dinah Zike, MEd
Educational Consultant Dinah-Might Activities, Inc
San Antonio, TX
National Geographic
Education Division Washington, D.C
Learn more about the authors at ca8.msscience.com
Science n l i n e
Science
Consultants
Richard Allen, PhD
University of California,
Berkeley
Berkeley, CA
Karamjeet Arya, PhD
San Jose State University
San Jose, CA
Teaster Baird, PhD
San Francisco State
University
San Francisco, CA
Natalie Batalha, PhD
San Jose State University
San Jose, CA
Robin Bennett, MS
University of Washington
Seattle, WA
William B N Berry, PhD
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA
Diane Clayton, PhD
NASA Santa Barbara, CA
Susan Crawford, PhD
California State University Sacramento, CA
Stephen F Cunha, PhD
Humboldt State University Arcata, CA
Jennifer A Dever, PhD
University of San Francisco San Francisco, CA
Alejandro Garcia, PhD
San Jose State University San Jose, CA
Alan Gishlick, PhD
National Center for Science Education Oakland, CA
Juno Hsu, PhD
University of California, Irvine
Irvine, CA
Martha Jagucki, MS
Geologist Columbus, OH
Lee Kats, PhD
Pepperdine University Malibu, CA
Christopher Kim, PhD
Chapman University Orange, CA
Monika Kress, PhD
San Jose State University San Jose, CA
Steve Lund, PhD
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, CA
Michael Manga, PhD
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA
Kate Schafer, PhD
Aquamarine Research Mountain View, CA
Julio G Soto, PhD
San Jose State University San Jose, CA
Series Consultants
Content consultants reviewed the chapters in their area of expertise and
provided suggestions for improving the effectiveness of the science instruction.
Trang 6Series Teacher Reviewers
Each Teacher Reviewer reviewed at least two chapters, providing feedback and
suggestions for improving the effectiveness of the science instruction.
Joel Austin
Roosevelt Middle School
San Francisco, CA
Nicole Belong
Coronado Middle School
Coronado, CA
Patrick Brickey
Lakeview Junior High School
Santa Maria, CA
Mary Pilles Bryant
Henry J Kaiser High School
Fontana, CA
Edward Case
Washington Academic Middle
School
Sanger, CA
Monaliza Chian
E O Green Junior High School
Oxnard, CA
Valesca Lopez Dwyer
Park View Middle School
Yucaipa, CA
Kathryn Froman
North Davis Elementary School
Davis, CA
Brian Gary
Margaret Landell Elementary
Cypress, CA
Jeanette George-Becker
Bret Harrison
Frank Ledesma Elementary Soledad, CA
Rick Hoffman
Kastner Intermediate School Fresno, CA
Kimberly Klein
Barstow Intermediate School Barstow, CA
David Kulka
South Peninsula Hebrew Day School
Sunnyvale, CA
Christina Lambie
Highland Elementary School Richmond, CA
Kathleen Magnani
Center Junior High School Antelope, CA
Tara McGuigan
Monroe Clark Middle School San Diego, CA
Shelia Patterson
K–12 Alliance-California Oceano, CA
Sharon Pendola
St Albans Country Day School Roseville, CA
Lori Poublon-Ramirez
Herman Intermediate School San Jose, CA
Martha Romero
E O Green Junior High School Oxnard, CA
Arlene Sackman
Earlimart Middle School Earlimart, CA
Rex Scates
Herman Intermediate School San Jose, CA
Robert Sherriff
Winston Churchill Middle School Carmichael, CA
Maria Mendez Simpson
School Programs Coordinator/ Birch Aquarium
La Jolla, CA
Lorre Stange
Laytonville Elementary School Laytonville, CA
Louann Talbert
Laytonville Middle School Laytonville, CA
Gina Marie Turcketta
St Joan of Arc School Los Angeles, CA
Dr Edward Walton
California Polytechnical
Institute
Pomona, CA
VivianLee Ward
National Health Museum
Washington, DC
Math Consultant
Grant Fraser, PhD
California State University Los Angeles, CA
Reading Consultant
ReLeah Cossett Lent
Author/Educational Consultant Alford, FL
Safety Consultant
Jeff Vogt, MEd
Federal Hocking Middle School
Stewart, OH