Cordes Science Department Chair Rivera Middle School/ El Rancho USD Pico Rivera, CA Justin Cunningham EdD Coordinator, Small School District Services San Diego, County Office of Edu
Trang 1New York, New York Columbus, Ohio Chicago, Illinois Peoria, Illinois Woodland Hills, California
Trang 2Science n l i n e
Focus On Earth Science
Yosemite National Park contains lakes,
ponds, granite domes, valleys, and polished
granites These features are evidence of the
processes that formed the Sierra Nevada.
Study Tools
•
• Interactive Tables
• Interactive Time Line
• Animated Illustrations
• Lesson Self-Check Quizzes
• Chapter Test Practice
• Standardized Test Practice
• Vocabulary PuzzleMaker
• Interactive Tutor
• Multilingual Science Glossary
• Study to Go
• Online Student Edition
• BrainPop Movies
Extensions
• Virtual Labs
• Microscopy Links
• Periodic Table Links
• Career Links
• Prescreened Web Links
• WebQuest Project
• Science Fair Ideas
• Internet Labs
For Teachers
• Teacher Bulletin Board
• Teaching Today, and much more!
Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Except as permitted under
the United States Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any
form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission
of the publisher
The National Geographic features were designed and developed by National Geographic’s Children’s
Books and Education Division Copyright © National Geographic The name “National Geographic”
and the Yellow Border Rectangle are trademarks of National Geographic, and their use, without prior
written permission, is strictly prohibited
Send all inquiries to:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, OH 43240-4027
ISBN-13: 978-0-07-879428-5
ISBN-10: 0-07-879428-5
Printed in the United States of America
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 079/043 11 10 09 08 07
Check out the following features on your
Online Learning Center:
ca6.msscience.com
Trang 3Introduction to Investigation and
Experimentation 2 7.a, 7.b, 7.c, 7.d, 7.e, 7.f, 7.g, 7.h
Unit 1
Earth’s Structure and Plate Tectonics 42
Chapter 1 Mapping Earth’s Surface 44 7.b, 7.c, 7.f, 7.h
Chapter 2 Earth’s Structure 74 1.b, 1.e, 1.f, 2.a, 2.c, 4.c, 6.b, 6.c, 7.c, 7.e, 7.f, 7.g
Chapter 3 Thermal Energy and Heat 120 3.a, 3.b, 3.c, 3.d, 7.a, 7.c
Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics 162 1.a, 1.b, 1.c, 4.c, 7.a, 7.e, 7.g
Chapter 5 Plate Boundaries and California 206 1.c, 1.d, 1.e, 1.f, 7.a, 7.b, 7.e, 7.g
Unit 2
Shaping Earth’s Surface 240
Chapter 6 Earthquakes 242
1.d, 1.e, 1.g, 2.d, 7.a, 7.b, 7.d, 7.e, 7.g
Chapter 7 Volcanoes 290 1.d, 1.e, 1.f, 2.d, 7.a, 7.b, 7.d, 7.g, 7.h
Chapter 8 Weathering and Erosion 330 1.f, 2.a, 2.b, 2.c, 2.d, 7.d, 7.e, 7.g
Unit 3
Energy in the Earth System 376
Chapter 9 Earth’s Atmosphere 378 3.c, 3.d, 4.a, 4.b, 4.d, 4.e, 7.c
Chapter 10 Oceans 420 1.e, 2.c, 4.a, 4.d, 7.c, 7.f
Chapter 11 Weather and Climate 464 2.d, 4.a, 4.d, 4.e
Unit 4
Ecology and Resources 510
Chapter 12 Ecological Roles 512 4.a, 5.c, 5.d, 5.e, 7.a, 7.b, 7.c, 7.d
Chapter 13 Energy and Matter in Ecosystems 548 5.a, 5.b, 5.c, 7.a, 7.b, 7.d, 7.e, 7.g
Chapter 14 Resources 584 6.a, 6.b, 6.c, 7.a, 7.b, 7.c, 7.d, 7.e
Trang 4The California Science Teacher Advisory Board provided valuable input in the
development of the 2007 edition of Focus On Earth Science They helped create
the scope and sequence of the Student Edition, provided content and pedagogical
comments, and provided feedback for the Teacher Wraparound Edition.
Charles Beecroft
8th Grade Science
Teacher
Columbia School District
Redding, CA
Tom Castro
Science Teacher
Martinez JHS/
Martinez USD
Martinez, CA
Lisa L Cordes
Science Department
Chair
Rivera Middle School/
El Rancho USD
Pico Rivera, CA
Justin Cunningham
EdD
Coordinator, Small
School District Services
San Diego, County Office
of Education
San Diego, CA
Richard Filson
Science Department
Chair
Edison High School,
Stockton Unified
School District
Stockton, CA
Bruce Fisher
Distinguished Teacher
in Residence
Humboldt State
University
Arcata, CA
Douglas Fisher
Director of Professional Development
City Heights Educational Collaborative
San Diego, CA
Mindi Fisher
Leadership Team Administrator Peninsula Union School District
Samoa, CA
Frederick W Freking
Faculty Advisor University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA
Nancy Frey
Associate Professor of Literacy
San Diego State University San Diego, CA
Maria C Grant
Teacher Hoover High School/
San Diego City School and San Diego State University
San Diego, CA
Patrick Horton
Science Teacher Day Creek Intermediate School
Etiwanda, CA
Patty Horton
Professional Development Provider
Patricia Juárez
Coordinator III Sacramento City Unified School District
Sacramento, CA
Kathy Molnar
Professional Development Mentor Etiwanda School District Etiwanda, CA
Carol Orton
Teacher Bernardo Heights Middle School San Diego, CA
Joycalyn Peoples
Science Specialist Riverside Unified School District
Riverside, CA
Wendi L Rodriguez
Teacher Heritage/Snowline JUSD Phelan, CA
Gladys Sorensen
Science Department Chair
Patrick Henry Middle School
Grenada Hills, CA
Granger B Ward
California State Director AVID Center
Trang 5Authors
Juli Berwald, PhD
Science Writer
Austin, TX
Sergio A Guazzotti,
PhD
Teaching Faculty
Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry
UC, San Diego
La Jolla, CA
Douglas Fisher, PhD
Director of Professional
Development and
fessor, City Heights
Educational
orative, San Diego State
University
San Diego, CA
Joseph J Kerski, PhD
Geographer University of Denver Denver, CO
Elizabeth A Nagy-Shadman, PhD
Assistant Professor Department of Geological Sciences
California State sity, Northridge Northridge, CA
Donna L Ross, PhD
Associate Professor of Science Education San Diego State University San Diego, CA
Julie Meyer Sheets, PhD
Science Writer Columbus, OH
Nancy Trautmann, PhD
Director of tal Inquiry Program Cornell University Ithaca, NY
Jan Vermilye, PhD
Assistant Professor Whittier College Whittier, CA
Dinah Zike
Educational Consultant Dinah-Might Activities, Inc
San Antonio, TX
National Geographic
Education Division Washington, D.C
Science
Consultants
Richard Allen, PhD
University of California,
Berkeley
Berkeley, CA
Karamjeet Arya, PhD
San Jose State University
San Jose, CA
Teaster Baird, PhD
San Francisco State
University
San Francisco, CA
Natalie Batalha, PhD
San Jose State University
San Jose, CA
Robin Bennett
University of Washington
Seattle, WA
William B N Berry, PhD
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA
Diane Clayton, PhD
NASA Santa Barbara, CA
Susan Crawford, PhD
California State University Sacramento, CA
Jennifer Anne Dever, PhD
University of San Francisco San Francisco, CA
Alejandro Garcia, PhD
San Jose State University San Jose, CA
Alan Gishlick
National Center for Science Education Oakland, CA
Juno Hsu, PhD
University of California, Irvine
Irvine, CA
Martha Jagucki
Geologist Columbus, OH
Lee Kats, PhD
Pepperdine University Malibu, CA
Christopher Kim, PhD
Chapman University Orange, CA
Monika Kress, PhD
San Jose State University San Jose, CA
Steve Lund, PhD
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, CA
Michael Manga, PhD
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA
Kate Schafer
Aquamarine Research Mountain View, CA
Julio G Soto, PhD
San Jose State University San Jose, CA
Learn more about the authors at ca6.msscience.com
Science n l i n e
Series Consultants
Content consultants reviewed the chapters in their area of expertise and
provided suggestions for improving the effectiveness of the science instruction.
Trang 6Series Teacher Reviewers
Each Teacher Reviewer reviewed at least two chapters, providing feedback and
suggestions for improving the effectiveness of the science instruction.
Joel Austin
Roosevelt Middle School
San Francisco, CA
Nicole Belong
Coronado Middle School
Coronado, CA
Patrick Brickey
Lakeview Junior High School
Santa Maria, CA
Mary Pilles Bryant
Henry J Kaiser High School
Fontana, CA
Edward Case
Washington Academic Middle
School
Sanger, CA
Monaliza Chian
E O Green Junior High School
Oxnard, CA
Valesca Lopez Dwyer
Park View Middle School
Yucaipa, CA
Kathryn Froman
North Davis Elementary School
Davis, CA
Brian Gary
Margaret Landell Elementary
Cypress, CA
Jeanette George-Becker
Roosevelt Elementary School
San Gabriel, CA
Bret Harrison
Frank Ledesma Elementary Soledad, CA
Rick Hoffman
Kastner Intermediate School Fresno, CA
Kimberly Klein
Barstow Intermediate School Barstow, CA
David Kulka
South Peninsula Hebrew Day School
Sunnyvale, CA
Christina Lambie
Highland Elementary School Richmond, CA
Kathleen Magnani
Center Junior High School Antelope, CA
Tara McGuigan
Monroe Clark Middle School San Diego, CA
Shelia Patterson
K–12 Alliance-California Oceano, CA
Sharon Pendola
St Albans Country Day School Roseville, CA
Lori Poublon-Ramirez
Herman Intermediate School San Jose, CA
Martha Romero
E O Green Junior High School Oxnard, CA
Arlene Sackman
Earlimart Middle School Earlimart, CA
Rex Scates
Herman Intermediate School San Jose, CA
Robert Sherriff
Winston Churchill Middle School Carmichael, CA
Maria Mendez Simpson
School Programs Coordinator/ Birch Aquarium
La Jolla, CA
Lorre Stange
Laytonville Elementary School Laytonville, CA
Louann Talbert
Laytonville Middle School Laytonville, CA
Gina Marie Turcketta
St Joan of Arc School Los Angeles, CA
Dr Edward Walton
California Polytechnical
Institute
Pomona, CA
VivianLee Ward
National Health Museum
Washington, DC
Math Consultant
Grant Fraser, PhD
California State University Los Angeles, CA
Reading Consultant
ReLeah Cossett Lent
Author/Educational Consultant Alford, FL
Safety Consultant
Jeff Vogt, MEd
Federal Hocking Middle School
Stewart, OH