4 5 1 the treasure fleet (nonfiction)

Scott Foresman Reading Street 4.5.1Genre Build Background Access Content Extend Language Nonfi ction • Ocean Voyages • Life at Sea • China in the 1400s • Maps • Captions • Defi nitions

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Scott Foresman Reading Street 4.5.1

Genre Build Background Access Content Extend Language

Nonfi ction • Ocean Voyages

• Life at Sea

• China in the 1400s

• Maps

• Captions

• Defi nitions

• Nouns for Ships and Boats

Reader

by Natalie Cross

The

ISBN 0-328-14207-7

ì<(sk$m)=becahb< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Scott Foresman Reading Street 4.5.1

Genre Build Background Access Content Extend Language

Nonfi ction • Ocean Voyages

• Life at Sea

• China in the 1400s

• Maps

• Captions

• Defi nitions

• Nouns for Ships and Boats

Reader

by Natalie Cross

The

ISBN 0-328-14207-7

ì<(sk$m)=becahb< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

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Talk About It

1 How did the Chinese sailors make sure that they had healthy food during their Treasure Fleet trips?

2 What do you think the author wants us to remember about the Treasure Fleet?

Write About It

3 Imagine that you were a sailor in the Treasure Fleet On a separate sheet of paper, write a diary entry about a day aboard one of the ships.

Extend Language

There are many kinds of ships and boats, both large and small You have read about Treasure Fleet ships from China and caravels from Portugal You may have seen a rowboat or a submarine Can you name other kinds of ships or boats?

Photographs

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Cover ©Jonathan Potter; 1 ©The British Museum/DK Images; 2 ©ChinaStock;

3 ©Planet Art; 5 ©Digital Wisdom, Inc.; 6 (BL) ©Philadelphia Museum of Art/Corbis,

(BR) ©The British Museum/DK Images; 7 ©Yu Zheng/ChinaStock; 8 ©Jonathan Potter.

This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system,

or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.

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by Natalie Cross

Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois

Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona

The

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In the 1400s, many of the best sailors in

Europe were from Portugal Their sailing ships,

called caravels, were light and fast These

caravels survived the fiercest storms In Asia,

many of the best sailors were from China

Their ships and navigation were excellent

In the early 1400s, the Ming Empire in China

wanted to trade more with other countries

China had silk cloth and beautiful blue and white

pottery to sell The emperor Zhu Di decided to

build great ships to travel around the Indian

Ocean He wanted to trade, but he also wanted

to show the world how powerful China was

trade: buy and sell things

goods: things for sale

The Chinese wanted to trade their beautiful silk cloth for goods from other countries.

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fleet: a group of ships that sail together

The emperor chose his advisor Zheng He for this important job Zheng He watched over the construction of the powerful ships Then he took command of the newly formed Treasure Fleet

The plan was to send these ships to all of the major ports in the Indian Ocean The Chinese would trade their goods, which were very popular They would also make special visits to each country’s king or emperor They wanted to make sure every ruler saw their powerful ships

They wanted everyone to know it would be a bad idea to attack China

China as a mapmaker pictured it in the 1400s, when the Treasure Fleet sailed

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Pacific Ocean China

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Life at sea was hard in

the 1400s, but the Chinese

prepared well Several

ships in the fleet were

used to store grain, mostly

rice Every ship had large

water cisterns The sailors

were careful not to waste

water If they ran out of

water, they also knew how

to get fresh drinking water from salty seawater

The Chinese sailors ate dried, salted fish for

protein, which people need They drank green

tea and had fruit for dessert Fruit was important

because it had Vitamin C, which helped to

prevent scurvy, a disease that killed sailors all

over the world

The sailors sprouted soy beans to make soy

milk and a kind of food called tofu They brought

large tubs of soil onto the ships and grew fresh

cabbages, turnips, and bamboo shoots

cisterns: tanks for storing liquids

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Hormuz

Aden

Persia

Arabia

Somalia

The Treasure Fleet visited

most of the major ports of

the Indian Ocean on its first

journey in 1405.

Indian

The first great Treasure Fleet voyage began

in 1405 The fleet sailed south from Beijing with more than 300 ships Almost 28,000 men were

on board One of their first stops was the trading port of Malacca, which is close to the modern city

of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia

From there the Treasure Fleet headed west, visiting many of the major ports of the Indian Ocean, including Calicut in India They also visited Hormuz near Persia and Aden in Arabia

Continuing west, they reached the coast of Africa and visited the country that is now called Somalia

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Beijing

Calicut India

Malacca Ocean

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This first journey took two years and was very

successful The Chinese traded their cargo of silk

and their beautiful white and blue porcelain

dishes and vases They returned with spices

and exotic animals The emperor Zhu Di was

especially delighted to see his first giraffe, an

animal unlike any he had ever seen before

The Treasure Fleet sailed six more times over

the next thirty years In Africa, the sailors traded

their goods for ivory, pearls, gem stones, and rare

woods and incense Everywhere they went, the

fleet caused great excitement

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A Chinese artist drew this picture of the giraffe Zheng He brought

back from Africa and presented to emperor Zhu Di.

People in many ports loved China’s blue and white porcelain vases.

The Treasure Fleet made its last voyage in

1433 Zheng He and the fleet had spread China’s fame around the world and brought glory to his country Plays and novels were written about him Handsome statues were carved and placed

in parks for all people to admire

But soon the times would change A new Ming emperor took power The emperor was worried about enemies that could attack China over land, not from the sea

After his death, Zheng He was honored for his brave voyages.

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The new emperor refused to continue

exploring the world He wanted money to build

up the army, not the navy Soon, the great ships

of the Treasure Fleet were not used

He also had his people destroy as many of the

ship notes and maps as they could find China’s

age of exploration was over By the 1500s the

countries of Europe—not the Chinese—sent

their ships across the globe to rule the seas and

conquer distant lands

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army: military forces on land

navy: military forces on ship at sea

One of the Treasure Fleet ships

Talk About It

1 How did the Chinese sailors make sure that they had healthy food during their Treasure Fleet trips?

2 What do you think the author wants us to remember about the Treasure Fleet?

Write About It

3 Imagine that you were a sailor in the Treasure Fleet On a separate sheet of paper, write a diary entry about a day aboard one of the ships.

Extend Language

There are many kinds of ships and boats, both large and small You have read about Treasure Fleet ships from China and caravels from Portugal You may have seen a rowboat or a submarine Can you name other kinds of ships or boats?

Photographs

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system,

or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.

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