A set of rules, economic and administrative measures, which are used to fulfill the national objectives in its trade area Area of a trade policy: IMPORT EXPORT National objectives: Economic Integration Competitiveness position Tariff, Quotas, TBT, Antidump legislation Subsidies, Exchange rate….
Trang 2 Cao Đình Hồng Châu
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Trang 4TRADE POLICY
Trang 6Tariff, Quotas, TBT, Anti-dump legislation
Subsidies, Exchange rate…
Trang 7TRADE POLICIES
Trang 8TRADE POLICIES
Free trade policy
Definition:
Traders can act and transact
without interference from
Features:
•Trade activities are free
from trade instruments of
Traders act and transact
producers.
Features:
•Trade activities are intervened with trade instruments of gov.
•Imports are limited and exports are encouraged
Trang 9• Good & services:
• Market: volatility
• Strong pressure on local producers
BARRIERS
Trang 10• Causing trade injuries
- Reducing total world trade, global
integration
- Cutting local consumer benefits
BARRIERS
Trang 11•Carrying on specialization based on nation’s
advantages
Trang 12Inward oriented trade policy
development of
strategic industries
• Mobilize and promote
all national potential
• Insufficient economy due to resource
dislocation
• Unbalancing the BOP
• High national debt
Trang 13Outward trade policy
• Strongly influenced
by world conditions
• High volatility in market
•Effective specialization
•Higher competition
•Balancing the BOP
•More FDI
Trang 14Outward Trade Policy
TYPES OF OUTWARD TRADE POLICY
Trang 15GLOBAL TREND
Trang 16GLOBAL TREND
THE WORLD TRADE IS INCREASING GRADUALLY
GLOBAL TREND
Trang 17GLOBAL TREND
Trang 18TRADE AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP ALSO INCRESING DRAMATICALLY
GLOBAL TREND
GLOBAL TREND
Trang 19- Openness index of some developed countries
GLOBAL TREND
Trang 20GLOBAL TREND
Openness index of some emerging countries
GLOBAL TREND
Trang 21THE WORLD TARIFF RATES IS GOING DOWN
GLOBAL TREND
GLOBAL TREND
Trang 22GLOBAL TREND
Trang 23GLOBAL TREND
In overall, the world is following
the free trade policy
GLOBAL TREND
Trang 24PROTECTIONISM IS ACCUMULATING
Trang 25www.themegallery.comGLOBAL TREND
PROTECTIONISM IS ACCUMULATING
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
Trang 26www.themegallery.comGLOBAL TRENDS
PROTECTIONISM IS ACCUMULATING
Trang 27The number of anti-dumping actions is still high
GLOBAL TREND
Trang 28www.themegallery.comGLOBAL TREND
Trades concerns is escalating
PROTECTIONISM IS ACCUMULATING
Trang 29GLOBAL TREND
Though the world tariff rates is
declining, more and more non-tariff
measures are being imposed.
PROTECTIONISM IS ACCUMULATING
Trang 30GLOBAL TREND
The developing countries still keep a
high tariff rates , though they are trying
to reduce it.
PROTECTIONISM IS ACCUMULATING
The developed countries prefer to
use non-tariff rates barriers.
Trang 31GLOBAL TRENDTRADE PATTERN
Trang 32GLOBAL TREND Agricultural raw materials exports (% of merchandise exports)
TRADE PATTERN
Trang 33GLOBAL TREND Food exports (% of merchandise exports)
TRADE PATTERN
Trang 34GLOBAL TREND
TRADE PATTERN
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
Trang 35DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
NEPAL
Trang 36Oilseeds, fats & oils 166
Sugars and confectionery 124,7
Trang 37INDONESIA
Trang 38GLOBAL TREND
US
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Trang 39GLOBAL TREND
JAPAN
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Trang 41TRADE PATTERN
-
GLOBAL TREND
Trang 42VIETNAM’S
TRADE POLICY
Trang 43VIETNAM’S TRADE POLICIES
Trang 441/ TRADE POLICY
VN foreign policy: Proactively and
actively engage in international
economic integration.
VN mixed trade policy: VN is mainly
following liberalization (free trade), but in some areas still somehow protectionism.
Trang 46Free trade
agreements: USA BTA(2000),
VN-EU(1995)
(approved 2005), Allow foreign
investment (1987)
Trang 47Source: WTO
Free trade
Trang 48Source: WTO
Free trade
Trang 49Source: WTO
Somehow protectionism
Part A.2 Tariffs and imports by product groups
Final bound duties MFN applied duties Imports
Product groups
AVG Duty-free Max Binding AVG Duty-free Max Share Duty-free
in % in % in % in % in % Animal products 14.8 7.2 40 100 14.6 6.9 36 0.1 3.8 Dairy products 16.6 0 35 100 12.8 0 20 0.6 0
Fruit, vegetables, plants 20.5 7.9 40 100 24.4 8.8 40 0.6 7.9 Coffee, tea 26.8 0 40 100 29.8 0 46 0.0 0
Cereals & preparations 20.9 2.5 80 100 21.6 7.4 40 1.4 31.1
Oilseeds, fats & oils 11.5 1.3 35 100 8.6 15.3 30 2.1 61.4 Sugars and confectionery 33.3 12.5 100 100 15.8 12.5 40 0.2 11.9
Beverages & tobacco 50.2 0 135 100 50.0 0 145 0.3 0
Cotton 14.0 20.0 20 100 6.0 40.0 10 0.4 99.4 Other agricultural products 7.4 23.3 20 100 6.8 36.4 26 0.7 19.1
Trang 50Source: WTO
Somehow protectionism
Fish & fish products 18.1 1.3 35 100 25.7 1.1 36 0.6 0.2
Minerals & metals 11.0 12.2 60 100 8.6 38.6 49 23.2 57.2 Petroleum 34.2 0 40 100 13.5 14.2 20 10.7 33.7 Chemicals 6.1 9.0 27 100 4.2 62.8 41 12.5 52.4 Wood, paper, etc 11.8 13.0 25 100 13.5 23.3 37 3.4 43.4 Textiles 10.5 0.3 100 100 10.0 9.5 100 8.9 3.2
Clothing 19.9 0 20 100 19.7 0 20 0.2 0
Leather, footwear, etc 14.2 1.8 35 100 15.4 11.9 47 2.9 14.9 Non-electrical machinery 5.8 34.8 50 100 4.0 65.2 50 13.7 60.6 Electrical machinery 9.6 32.1 35 100 10.9 37.6 40 10.0 48.2
Transport equipment 22.0 21.8 200 100 18.9 38.6 90 4.7 31.1
Manufactures, n.e.s 10.3 37.4 35 100 12.1 40.4 47 2.7 54.3
Trang 512/ EVALUATION
Defects Achievements
Vietnam’s Trade
policy
Trang 52In general
Trang 53In general
Wikipedia
Vietnam & Bangladesh:
Trang 54In general
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Enabling Trading Index: leap 18 places to 71th position
Trang 55In general
Source: WTO database
Vietnam’s openness index increases rapidly after years
Vietnam openness index compared with Bangladesh
Trang 56Economic Growth
Source: World Bank database
Vietnam is in the front rank of GDP growth
Vietnam GDP growth rate compared with that of the world
Trang 59International Trade
Source: World bank database
Vietnam EPI compared with Bangladesh
Trang 62Trade deficits Foreign Investment
policy
Trang 63Non-market economy
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Vietnam is still considered as a non-market economic according to WTO agreement (12 years after VN’s participation).
Trang 64Trade administration
Source: world Economic Forum
(Rank out of 125 countries- Global Enabling Trade Report)
Trang 65Trade deficits
Source: Vietnam General Statistics Office
Trang 66Foreign investment policy
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There’re some limits in some economic sectors, like electricity, aviation, finance…
The role of the government is still critical
Openness to foreign participation is limited because of the low prevalence of foreign ownership and limited participation in multilateral trade rules.
Trang 67period
Trang 69LOGO www.themegallery.com
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