4 12 floridas people and traditions

Nowitz/Corbis 15 ©City of Jacksonville In this book you will read about some of the people in Florida and their traditions.. You will also read about why different groups of people came

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ISBN 0-328-14882-2

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Scott Foresman Social Studies

Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features

Nonfi ction Draw Conclusions • Sidebar

• Map

• Captions

Fascinating Facts

in Ybor City made almost 700 million cigars

a year

Gardens at Delray Beach is the only museum in

the United States dedicated to the culture

of Japan

so that the Plains Indian woman on it was

a Seminole

ISBN 0-328-14882-2

ì<(sk$m)=beiica< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Scott Foresman Social Studies

Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features

Nonfi ction Draw Conclusions • Sidebar

• Map

• Captions

Fascinating Facts

in Ybor City made almost 700 million cigars

a year

Gardens at Delray Beach is the only museum in

the United States dedicated to the culture

of Japan

so that the Plains Indian woman on it was

a Seminole

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cultural group annual heritage

Write to It!

Look up one of the festivals mentioned

in this book and write a newspaper advertisement for it In your advertisement, describe the activities and types of food that will be a part of the festival Tell people why they should come to the festival

Write your advertisement on a separate sheet

of paper.

Illustration

14 Joe McDermott

Photographs

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Jared Lazarus/Miami Herald Publishing Company

3 ©Jeff Greenberg/Alamy Images

5 ©Jeff Greenberg/The Image Works, Inc.

6 ©Corbis

7 ©Dave G Houser/Corbis

10 ©Morton Beebe/Corbis

13 ©Richard T Nowitz/Corbis

15 ©City of Jacksonville

In this book you will read about some of the

people in Florida and their traditions You

will also read about why different groups

of people came to Florida and the cultural

traditions they brought with them

ISBN: 0-328-14882-2

by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited

reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding

permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,

Glenview, Illinois 60025.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05

Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York

Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona

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How History and

Culture Connect

Florida is home to people of different cultural

backgrounds Look at Florida’s history to understand

why Florida does not have just one culture

Some people came to Florida to explore it Some were brought to Florida and stayed to make it their home Others came to Florida because they wanted

a better life Today people often move to Florida

because of its warm weather Each cultural group

helps make Florida an interesting place to live and visit

3

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Early Settlers

Native Americans arrived in Florida about ten

thousand years ago When Spanish explorers

arrived during the 1500s, they discovered three

major Native American groups: the Calusa, the

Apalachee, and the Timicua

The Seminole

After the arrival of European explorers, many

Native Americans died from disease and from

fighting in wars Those who survived joined to form

a new group: the Seminole The Seminole are a

mixture of different Native American groups

In the early 1900s the Seminole lived in small

camps in the wetlands of southern Florida They

were able to survive by hunting, fishing, and

trapping

5

Seminole beads are sold at the Indian Arts Festival.

In 1934, the government passed the Indian Reorganization Act This act allowed Native Americans to hold elections and form their own governments The Seminole wrote their own constitution in 1957

Today the Seminole have a strong economy

They have their own school system and a museum

Some of them live on reservations and others live in towns or cities They keep their culture alive through storytelling, music, and crafts

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African Americans

African Americans have been a part of Florida’s

history and culture ever since Spanish explorers came

to Florida During the Second Seminole War, many

former enslaved people found shelter among the

Seminole During the Civil War many of the African

Americans who stayed in Florida took part in the

Battle of Olustee

Two Important Writers

Two important African American writers from Florida were Zora Neale Hurston and James Weldon Johnson

Zora Neale Hurston was an author and anthropologist, or someone who studies people and their cultures

Hurston wrote about life in Florida’s African

American towns James Weldon Johnson was a poet

and a lawyer who wrote the poem, “Lift Every Voice

and Sing.” It is known as the African American

national anthem

These are the ruins of stone quarters for enslaved people.

After the Civil War ended, African Americans in Florida lived in separate communities from other people In 1887 Eatonville became the first town in Florida founded by African Americans

The church was often a very important meeting place in these communities Churches held religious services, political meetings, and cultural programs

Some of these churches are still standing, and you can see them on the Black Heritage Trail

Florida Black Heritage Trail

The Florida Black Heritage Trail is a tour of northeast Florida, it points out important places

in the lives of African Americans in the state

Information about the trail is available at the visitors’

bureau in Jacksonville

7

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Cuba and Florida

When Spanish explorers arrived in Florida,

Cuba became a place where ships were built and

supplied Cuba remained a Spanish territory, even

after Spain handed over Florida to the British in

1763 When Cubans fought for independence from

Spain in the late 1800s, many Cubans immigrated

to Florida José Martí, the Cuban revolutionary,

traveled around Florida to gain support for

independence

Revolution and Immigration

In 1959 a revolution in Cuba led by Fidel Castro

forced many Cubans to move to Florida They settled

in a part of Miami that is known as Little Havana

Cuban immigrants built a thriving community there

Cuban Culture in Miami

Cuban culture can be seen in Miami and southern Florida There are signs written in Spanish, and

a Spanish-language version of the Miami Herald

Restaurants serve Cuban food A man might be

seen wearing a guayabera (GUY-ah-bear-ah), a

Cuban-style embroidered shirt Carnaval Miami includes a big block party on a street called Calle Ocho This party is a well-known celebration of Hispanic culture

Two men wearing guayaberas enjoy the sights and sounds of

Little Havana.

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Caribbean Immigrants

People from islands in the Caribbean also call

Florida home Florida is close to these islands

Since 1971 about ten thousand Haitians

have immigrated to the United States “Little

Haiti” in Miami is home to many Haitians and

other immigrants Little Haiti is decorated like

a neighborhood in Haiti and has a Caribbean

marketplace too

The Caribbean Marketplace

is a market in Little Haiti.

11

Parade goers dress in colorful costumes at the Goombay Festival.

People from the Bahamas immigrated to Florida and formed a community in Coconut Grove

in 1840 The annual Goombay Festival is a

celebration of the Bahamian culture that brings in many visitors It began in the 1880s and is the

largest celebration of African heritage in the

United States

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British Farmers

Great Britain gained control of Florida from Spain

in 1763 Many settlers from England, Scotland,

Ireland, and Wales moved there They came from

the English colonies Most of these people settled

in northern Florida Before the Civil War, wealthy

farmers owned plantations Enslaved people worked

for them on these plantations Many other farmers,

however, hunted, raised cattle, and worked the land

themselves

A diver holds sponges he found while diving in Tarpon Springs.

Greek Immigrants

Greeks first came to Florida in 1768 and settled New Smyrna Beach Greek settlers later moved to

St Augustine Around 1850 many Greeks gathered sponges in the Florida Keys Sponges are simple forms of water life whose skeletons form soft lumps and are found on seabeds

Thousands of Greek sponge fishers settled around Tarpon Springs Today many people visit Tarpon Springs for the Greek culture and to watch the divers pull sponges from the seabeds

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Outdoor festivals are a large part of cultural life in

Florida Warm weather for most of the year means

that more festivals can be held there Florida’s

cultural groups take pride in their heritage They

enjoy displaying their art, music, foods, and dances

to tourists and other Floridians

Florida Cultural

Celebrations

Jacksonville White Springs

Orlando

Tarpon Springs Tampa

Ft Myers

Hollywood Miami

Key West

Crawfish Creole Festival

Florida Folk Festival

Greek Festival

of Epiphany

Gasparilla Festival

Latin Jazz Festival

World of Nations Celebration

International Fringe Festival

Seminole Tribal Fair

Goombay Festival

Cuban American Heritage Festival

This map shows some of the cultural festivals that take place

in Florida.

15

Floridians celebrate their different cultures at festivals such as this one.

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Glossary

annual yearly

cultural group a group of people who share a way

of life

heritage the traditions and customs of a cultural

group that have been passed down from parents

to children

Vocabulary