CPE EXAM ESSENTIALS with key (link tải file nghe ở trang cuối)

~ Look at key words in the questions and see how they relateto the relevant part of the text.The text will probably express ideasusing different words fromthose that appear in the questi

,

Part 3PAPER 3 Use of English

Part 4PAPER 4 listening

.¥

PAPER 5 Speaking

sse tia tips

~ Readeach textquicklyto

understand itsgeneral

meaning before you attempt

the task

~The gapped word or phrase

may be part of a fixed

~Check the words before and

after the gap carefully to decide

what type of word you are

looking for

~Once you have finished the

task, readthewh letext again

to checkthat yourchoices make

sensein the text as a whole

Question2: Which of the options

forms a phrasal verb with 'off',

meaning'do something to

protect yourself rom'?

Question 3:The preposition after

the gap is regularly used with

one of the options

Question 4: The sentence talks

about the activity of decorating

egg shells and how this can

d monstate artistictalent

Which option ca b used to

describe how something is

conveyed?

Question 6: One of theoptions is

often used with a reflexive

pronoun and the preposition 'to'

to mean 'be suitable for being

used in a particular way'

Question 7:One of the options

often collocates with 'collections'

that are on display in museums

and art galleries

Question 9:The correct option is

oftenused to express that

someone orsomething possesses

something impressive

Question 12:The correct option

must mean'o en a building

officially forthefirst time'

For questions 1-1 , read the three texts below and decide which answer (A,B,Cor D)best fits each gap

In ancient times the egg was a symbol of life, birth and fertility, and it featuredprominently in several creation myths, representing the (1) beginnings of timeand the birth of the universe It was also believed that the egg had magical powers:

it could (2) off storms, illnesses and the evil eye In many societies decoratedeggs were at the centre of rituals and ceremonies that (3) with the spring - a time

of new life and growth after the long hard winter

Today eggs continue to be important in many cultural and religious events - such asEaster - and shell decoration is an effective (4) for demonstrating artistic skills

The symmetrical form of the egg - often (5) one of the most aestheticallypleasing shapes in nature - (6) itself to a great variety of decorative techniques:

it can be dyed, painted and embellished with leaves and flowers, and even gold, silverand precious jewels

3 A occurred B happened C resulted D coincided

5 A regarded B considered C viewed D seen

The Burlington Museum was recently re-opened after an extensive developmentprogramme that aims to make the collections (7) there more appealing to a widerpublic The Museum's fine collections can now be seen in more inspiring(8) ,and exhibitions include a wide range of innovative displays which allowvisitors to make use of the latest interactive information technology The Museumalso (9) an excellent new education centre and art room, as well as a gift shop.Finally, ramps and wider doorways offer improved (10) for the disabled andpeople with limited mobility

The Museum worked closely with community groups to achieve its goals One of the(11) of this collaboration is a Buddhist shrine created with the assistance andadvice of the local Buddhist community A priest (12) this significant exhibitionand more than two hundred people of different faiths attended the event

8 A backgrounds B contexts C frameworks D circumstances

10 A entrance B access C admission D admittance

1 A installed B presided C commenced D inaugurated

Question 14: The correct option

must mean 'unexpe ted '

Questi n 1 : There is a ' trap ' ,

h re , s think carefully about th

structure of the sentenc a d the

meaning intended!

Question 17: The correct option

must mea ' lift something h a y '

Peter's plane was due to leave at 8.40 am My father, having little (13) in my

brgther's abilty to get himself to the airp rt on time, had offered to drive him there

A punotual man himself by nature, he detested the thought of any (14) delays,

a d soroused Peter as early as he dared (15) ,they arrived at the airport well inadvance of the recommended two hours prior to departure They made their wayover to the check-in desk, where a queue was only just starting to (16) up.When his turn came, Peter handed over his passport and ticket and (17) his bagsonto the conveyor belt The check-in attendant frowned 'I'm sorry, sir,but you aren't

on the passenger list,' she said Then she took a closer look at his ticket and her eyeswidened in surprise 'Now I see the problem You're booked on tomorrow's fli-9~t!You've come a day too early!' She turned to my father, who was temporarily (18)

for words, and asked, 'Does he do this often?'

14 A improper B unfounded C groundless 0 untoward

1 A Subsequently B Duly C Consequently 0 Finally

~ This part of the exam tests

yourunderstanding of the

whole short text ortext

organisation, and some

questions may alsofocus on

thedetaisin sectio sof the

text

~ Readeachtext quickly to

understand its general

meaning before you attempt

the questions

~Readthe questions carefully

a ddecide which partof he

text theyrefer to

~ Look at key words in the

questions and see how they

relateto the relevant part of

the text.The text will probably

express ideasusing different

words fromthose that appear

in the questionsandoptions

~Checkthatthe option which

answersthe question or

completes the questionstem

conveys the same meaning as

that expressed in the text

Question 19:What didthe

ma ufacturersdo before th t is

now changing?

Question 20: Readthe second

paragra h and thinkcarefully

about how haptic feedback helps

the machine operator.Which

optio describesthis most

successfull ?

You are going to read four extracts which are allconcerned insome way with thesense of to ch Forquestions 19-26, ch ose the answer (A, B, Cor D) which youthink fits best according to the text

Engineers are finally beginning to recognise the value of the human touchwith regard to the operation of mechanical devices Until recently, themakers of automated machinery seemed bent on rendering operatorsredundant by reducing their involvement with the machine to the touch of

a button This theoretically made the user's job easier, but in practice, theyfelt they had no connection with the machine or how it functioned

The relatively new field of haptics is changing all that It focuses onensuring that an operator can'feel' what a machine is doing Hapticprinciples, which have been applied very successfully to cars and aircraft,are now being applied to earth-moving equipment with excellent results

By programming haptic feedback into the electronic control system,engineers are helping operators to enhance their understanding of how amachine is responding to a particular terrain through feel,and by doing so,achieve optimum performance It is also hoped that operators will be able

to anticipate possible hazards in the ground, such as hidden water or gaspipes,by means of haptic warning sensations transmitted through thecontrols and so take evasive action

19 The writer says that until recently, the manufacturers of automate machin ry

A intended to make the users of machines redundant

B felt no connection with the machine they were operating

C largely ignore the human need for physical contact with a machine

D used haptic principles to develop machinery

20 Haptic feedback

A reduces the operator's understandin of how his or her machine operates

B enables the operator to manoeuvre machinery over the ground

C makes the operator's job less complex

D makes the operator more aware of how his or her machine is performing

fia f·

Question2 :Readthe question

stem andanswer options Here,

yo arebeingasked in what way

:; iropractors tre t patie ts Find"

=:Bmcarefuly Note that the

.erimplies that a person who

Chiropractors diagnose an then treat problems of a neuro

-musculoskeletal n ture by making specific adjustments to the joints

of the body - the spine in particular - in order to improve the

function of the nervous system, and th re y enable the body's

natural healing processes to do their work No drugs or surgery, justgentle manipulatio at the hands of a trained specialist!

Chiropractic is a primary health-care profession, n gating the nee

for a doctor's referral Registered chiro ractors are subject to rigorous

re ulations, and hig standards of practice are maintained

Patie ts enthuse about the wonderful feeling of release they

experience after treatme t, and how much easier and more supple

movement becomes So why not give it atry? Chiroprac c may

change your life!

21 Chiropractors treat patients

A by employing gentle massage techniques

B by altering the alignment of bones in the body

C by adjusting the position of nerves and muscles in the body

D by manipulating the nervous system

22 Before visiting a chiropractor, the writer implies you should

A visit a doctor who can diagn se your problem

B obtain a referral from your doctor

C stop taking any medication

D ensure they are a member of arecognised chiropractic organisation

Questi n 23: Lo o f or a word o r

p rase i n th e tex t that mea n

' r ea l ise' and w h t t h e write r say ~

a e r t h is W h ich o ption

expresse s t h e same i dea in other

words ? A lso, thi n k about t h

words in the o p on s F or

example, i y ou ' conform' to

s met h ing, w h t does t ha t

mean?

Question 24 : Think a bo u t the

ove r all m ean i n o f w h t t h

w ri te r says i n the sec ond

p rag r a ph W hat d e ' a str ac t

ima ges f r om forms' m ea n Wh a t

d ar ti t s try t o do and h o w do

t he y d it H ow might th e sense

of t o uc h help them to d o thi s?

Art and Visual Impairment

Ks a student artist with a minor visual impairment I had spent years trying to keep up with my peers, struggling to master the principles of colour, form and perspective, until it dawned on me one day that perhaps the ski l ls I was attempting to develop need not necessarily be visual I started to re - examine the way in which

I worked and realised that I co u ld change my perspective, so to speak I started to dev i se a tactile approach to recording the world that w o l d complement the way I experienced i t - rat h er than

me r el y trying to reproduce it

To u c h i s far more meaningf ul to the visually impaire d - bl i nd peop l e in particular - than it is for the majority of people It can offer an alternative means of observation that increases one's sense

of perception and it provides a unique, non-visual way for artists to abstract images from forms Visual artists are taught to understand lig h t I have been learning to understand space and distance,

vo l ume and dimension, form and substance, and to work with materials that occasionally dwarf me.

23 What did the artist realise a out herself?

A She ha been trying to conform to establshed ideas about art

B She needed to improve her visual skills

C She wasn't astalented as the other students in her class

D She could improve her sight by changing the way she worked

24 How can touch be use in art?

A Itcan improve one's powers of observation

B Itfacilitates the power of sight

C It enables artists to create without needin to see

D I h lps visual artists to expe ence large objects

Question 25: Readtheq estion

stem carefully You need tofind

the'main' reason,which implies¥

there may beother reasons too:

just less important o es!

Ques t io n 26: Be carefulnot to

read too much between the

ln s.You maythink that a text

implies something, butwhat

does it actually say? Which of

the options is stated explicitly in

the text?

In touch with the child

T ou c h i s t h e firs t se n se to d eve l o in t h e e m bry o O nl y a fe w weeks a ft er co n ce p t o a primi t ve n ervo u s syste m linkin g s kin cel l s t o a r udim e nt ary brain ha s a l rea d d eve lop e d T h r ou g o u t the gestatio n peri od t he fo e tu s ' s tact il e syste m de ve lop s and i t

w ill r e m a in a p ote nt fo r m of co mmuni cat ion t h r ou g hout th e cour s e o f a p erso n' s lif e Es se n t a ll y , t o c h aid s p syc holo g i ca l intell ec tu a l a nd ph ys ical dev el opm e nt w hil e its abs e n ce ca n cause und e n ia ble harm Touch i s a c hild' s first languag e L ong before he c a n se e, s mell, taste or h e ar , h e e xperiences oth er s a nd himself th ro u g h touch , the onl y rec ipro c al se ns e

I n our c onsum e r based soci e t y , w e mi sg uidedly try to m ee t the s e n s o ry n eeds of the n e wb or n b y p r oviding art i fi c i a l

s timula t ion and sec u r i ty, s o th a t we ca n k ee p our se lv es 'at a dis t an ce We p ut ou r childr e n d ow n to s l eep in cot s, monitorin g

t hei r b re a t hin g w i h a l ar m s w hil e we s l eep in th e n ex t r oom

In s tead o f h l di n g t h e m clo se to ou r b di e s , we pu s h t h e m around a t ar m s ' l en gt h in p r a m s We s u s p e nd t h e m in bab y boun c rs in a n atte m pt t o re p r od uce t h e expe ri e n ce of be in g jog ge d a ro u d in hum a n arm s But ba b ies n ee d th e i r mo t h ers,

no t m a chine s a nd co ntr a ption s N o i nve n t ion can s ub s ti t ut e f o r

t he di r ect ph ysica l c ontact t ha t fo r m s th e b as i s of th e mo t h e r a nd

c hild b on d.

2 The main reason why touch is important is because

A it is the first sense to develop

B it facilitates healthy development

C it improves our communication skills

D it teaches us how to reciprocate

26 What is the writer's main point in the second paragraph?

A Children should never be left to sleep alone

B Most people fail to provide the right kind of security for their children

C Man-made objects cannot replace nature in providing tactile stimulation

D People should take a more active part in bringing up their children

You are going to read a aricle about palaeoanthropology Seven paragraphs havebeen remove fom the article Choose from the p ragraphs A - H the one which fits

e ch gap (2 -33) There is one exta paragraph which you d n t need to use

PAPER 2 Writing

PAPER 3 Use of English

PAPER4 Listening

PAPER5 Speaking

Toa pala oanthropolo ist, the past is n open book, but one

that failsto tellthe whole story.The covers aremissing.The

first chapters may never be found There are hardly an

pages, and most are so smeared and crumpled, so foxed and

faded, hat the text could mean almost an thing The castof

characters isconfusing and narrative thread an b d 's guess

Isit adetective story,aclifThanger, or aromance? Can there

be ahappy ending?

H omo flor es i e n s i s wasthe mysterio s surviv r unearthed from

a cave on the island of Flore in Indonesia: a pygmy

de cendant, perhaps, ofH o m o e ect u s ,perhaps even co nected

to an earlier human specie ,but with thisspecial feature: the

b ne were only 1 ,000 years old So H omo s api ens, H o m o

e e tu s, H omo neand e rtha l s and Hom o f l oresien s i s must have al

shared the planet at the same time, tantalisin ly recenty:

within the la t 100,000 years perhaps Now o ly H omo

s ap i e n s s u r vives.

-Stringer, 57,ishead ofhuman origins at the Natural History

Mus um in London One of palaeoanthro ology's big

players, he has spent his career in pursuit of Ho m o

neande r t hali s and is also one of the great pros lytisers of the

Out-of-Africa theory, the one that says the human story

begins on just one continent H o m o fl o r esie n si however,

a tonished him

-'Nature is constantly experimenting Ithink alot of people

tho ght that humans were somehow diferent; that we had

this all embracing culture and this unifying adaptation,

which meant that human ev lution progressed in a

somewhat different way,because of our technology an the

way we probably vainly think we are partly controling the

world n w So people proje t backwards and think that

h mans are somehow special The evidence sh ws us that

o r evolutio was as complex and asundirected, Isuppose,

asthat of an other species we have studied.'

Mo ern humans pro ably popped up within the last

200,000 ye rs, but the thin s that make modern humans so

distinctive in the fossil record - symbolic art, pottery and

jewellery - bloomed only ab ut 50,000 yearsago.Nob d

in the world of palaeoanthropology considers modern

humanity to be the flower of creatio , either.A temp rarybloom, may e

-Genetic evidence suggests humans may have come close to

extincton a number of times in the past.Mo ern h mans

shared the Middle Ea t wih Homo ne and e th ali s 12 0 , 00 0

years ag ,an as Cro-Magnons became the sole tenants ofEurope 30,00 years ago, a terrain held successfully b the

Neanderthals for more than 100,000 years Did they

compete? Did they co-exist? Did they trade, or cohabit?

'Isti tend to the view that the primary messagewould have

been: different They wo ld have had a different body

lan uage, a completely different way of communicaton;

they would havehad different behaviours.'

@] -He and his co-author Peter Andrews - a former he d ofhuman origins at the Natural History Museum, and an

expert on the early part of the human story - tried to tel

the story of human ev lution not just throug time, butthroug is context Stringer s ys: how you set ab utexcavating a site,what a piece of tooth or jaw can tel y u

about ancient human behaviour In that, he title ofthe boo

means what i s ys: complete

A It'shumbling, Stringer says.'We shouldn't see ourselves as

the summit of the pel{ectio of whatever evolution is

trying to a hieve.We seem to be very successful at the

moment in terms of our numbers b t, looking at iton a

geolo ical timescale, how ~ ccessful will we look in

5 ,0 0 years, which is a very shor tme, geolo ically

speaking?'

B 'Nean erhals were certainly human and evolved asus

in their own way, but they were different They had

several hu dred th usan years of evolving their own

anatomy and behaviour But when these people met in

Europe would they have seen each other as people Or

as someone different?' he says

C What stories could these b nes tel?And wh could have

dreamed, before their disco ery that some tree-climbing,

p gmy-elep ant-hunting h man c ndidate could have

survived o a tropical island while Ho m o s api e n s moved

into the Fertile Crescent, preparing to in ent agrculture,

civi sato an glo al terrorism?

D He thin s the Neanderthals pershed at a moment of

maximum stess in the sto -go, hot-cold pattern of

clmate during the last ice age.Though they left thei

mark inthe Pyrenees, they never g t to Britain at all.But

then the human occu atio of Britain itsel is a bi of a

riddle.There is evidence of it, most of it indirect, of little

p lses of human occu ation, and then agap of 100,000

years when no humans appe red tohavevisited Britain at

al Modern humans fnally moved in and stayed o ly

12,000 years ago

~ Th i s p art of th e e am t e sts you r unde rs tand i ng of h ow a

text is organis e and , in particular, how pa ra graphs r e l a te t o

each o the r

~ Re ad t he m a i n te x t hrou gh fi r st t o get a i d a o f w h t it i s

abou t a nd how t h w r i e r d ev elo p h is or h e r su b ject m at r

~ R e ad the par a r aphs be for e and af te r ea c h gap carefully to

see how they are connected

~ Underl i ne the nam es o f pe o l e , or g anis atio ns or p laces.

A ls , unde rli ne r ef e r ence w or ds s uc h a ' th is', 'i t ', 't h re' ,

e tc T he y w il l help you s e c on n c o s betwe e n se n t enc e

an d pa r ag ra ph s

~ Read paragr a phs A-H and do the s a me , notin g how each

E These people were c pable of makin tools anbutchering large beasts like rhinos They may not have

killed these beasts themselves - they were, after al,

dan erous animals- but evenif they were just scavenging,

organisatio to have driven off the lo s or wolves, andsecured the carcassfor themselves

F There is astory-so-far, but that potted version ofevents is

forever being revised, and nobo y knows that better than

Chris Stringer, one of the authors of a book p blshed

today caled T he C omp l e t e Wor ld of H um an Evo lu t o

Complete? Stringer spent eight years on the text Then,

latelastyear,hehad tosit down in one night and compose

an entirely new chapter to incorporate the disco ery of

H omo fl o r s i en s i s, also known asthe Hobbit

G Here isthe orthodm,'Y,pieced together over a century or

more b Darwin's disciples: primate cre tures wih a

capa ity for walking upright emerged perhaps twenty

million ye rs ago.From these emerged the ancestors ofall

gorillas, allchimpanzees an all humans There isno line

of ev lution: think, instead, of folage, and the survivinhumans an two spe ies of chimpanzees arejust ne rbbuds at the ends of twigs d se together o the tree oflife

H 'Until that turned up, we had noidea that ancient humanshad ever reached asfar asFlores.We certainly had no ideathat there was a completely new kind ofhuman - or isieven human? That is still bein argued abo t - livin

there, and the fact that it was still around there when

modern people passed thro gh the region Each of those

isastonishing and that shows how little we knew about

h man evolution in that part of the world We are

building up the pieces of a huge, complex jgsaw,and we

still have alot of spaces tofillin,'he says

~ Underli ne ti me re feren c es and noti c e an y c ha ng es in t ens e within a te x t Th e w r iter may be comparing a p a st situation

w ith the p resent.

~ Wh e y u hav e f i ni s ed t h t a k, rea d th rou gh the

c omp lete d t e t to mak e sure i t m a es sen s

Q u es ti on 30:Compare the paragr a ph before the gap with th a t whi c h comes after it Not i ce that in th e pa ragr aph af te r th e gap , he wri te r m ak e s use o f a me ta phor Loo k fo r a op t io n

You are going to read an extract from a short story For questions 3 -4 , choose theanswer (A,B, Cor D) which you think fits be t accordin to the tex

PAPER3 Use of English

PAPER4 Listening

PAPER5 Speaking

'Time to go , Joe : Officer Dic k s tands i n the no w

open door w ay to f r eedom I hesitate and

contemplate this fact w ith some trepidation ,

oscillating bet w een a feeling of ex citement and one

of utter dread I suddenly feel as if I am standing at

the top of a precipice , parachute attached and ready

to jump , but tortu r ed by the ove rw helming fear that

w hen I jump the chute w on ' t open Afte r dreaming

of this moment fo r y e ar s, endl ess ly counting off the

d a ys , o er and o v e r - e v er si nce I cam e here , i n f act

- I am no w g r ipped wit h a sen s e of t e r ror a t th e

thought t hat th e tim e h a s actuall y ar r ived.

B i ll, m y s o n-to-be er stw h ile neighb o r, no t ic es

m y s u den r elu ctanc e and smi le s , nod di ng s ag ely.

' Har d , sn ' t i ?' he sa ys 'Y o u s p en d a ll your time

w aiti n f or yo ur r elease o nl y t o f i n t h a t w hen i

comes down to i t, you d o ' t w an t to g o M uc h as

you hate to admi t it, thi s dum p h a s become you r

home , and the lad s, ev en the w ard e n , ble s s him,

w elt they've become f am i ly :

A sarcastic quip in respon se to th i s last r ema r k

dies in my throat It s t r i k es me that this motley

bunch of miscreants w ith w hom I have co-existed

for the last five years have indeed come to mean

something to me, and that in spite of myself I w ill

miss them Like a w orn-out old coat that you can't

thro w a w ay , w e ha v e moulded together, an unli k ely

yet close-knit gr o up , no t particul a rly fond of each

othe r, pe r haps , but comfortable i n the f a mil i a r it of

e c h othe r 's p r esence B i ll , w ith h is w eather-bea t en ,

po ck- marked f a ce and his i nf uri a t in g habit of

w histling t h e s ame tu n e ov e r a n o er a g a i n has

become li k e a b ro t h e r to m e He m a y ir r i at e me to

s creaming p oint s e v e ral times a d ay , a n d no doub t i f

you w e r e to a sk hi m about me, he feeling w ould be

mut u al, but w e hav e g r ow n u s ed t o sha r ing a f a g

and t alking about nothing i n par ti cula r It s uddenly

d a wns on me that he und e r s tand s me i n a w ay

no b ody else ever has and I ne v er ha v e to pretend to

be s o m e thing I am not with him He j ust seems to

know w h at is going on in my head and doesn't

ques ti on i but ra the r accepts it philosophi c l ly I realise there is s ome t hing com f o r t ng about w a k ing

up e v ery morning to the s ounds of Bill moving around his domain ne x t door

Sighing, I tak e a la s t look around the walls of my cell Not much to look at because I never really

b othered to de c orate it, my mind determinedly focused on t he temporar y nature of my stay Even

s o, it is a ma z ing ho w we unwittingly leave t races of

o rs el v e s where v e r w e g o, stamping our s e lf o

e v er y thing w e t ouch The r e i s the rubbe r mar k on the wa l l a bove my be d , m a d e by my thro wi ng a

sm a ll ball a t it e v er y day , an ac t ivi t y wh i c h gra t ed

on Bi l 's n e rv e s but which he l p e d me calm m y o w n

Th en t h e w all aga in s t whi c h m y bunk st a nds is

sp at t ered w i h w rit i n : the ly r ic s o f so n s and the

li nes o f poem s t h at I h av e st r u ggled not t o fo r get.

Whe r e v e r I lo ok , I s e e t hin gs that a r e f amilia r They define me i n som e w ay and g i ve me my ident i ty by

w hich other s recogni s e m e Out there the unkno w n

w aits to engulf me, a n d the loneliness of being marginalised b y society ; I w ill be branded by the fact that I ha v e done time - just another bad apple

It occurs to me that w e convicts spend all our time cooped up and trapped , longing for the moment w e w ill be f r ee again , not realising that there is a pe rv erse f r eedom t o being inside : a

f eedom f r om all forms of r es ponsibility You r accommod at i o , f ood , clothing and essen t ials are all

p r ovided fr e o f charge The r e i s no need to w o rk and you can s pend a l da y read i ng o r j u s t d oing not hi ng i f y u w ant to Su ch lux r ies a r e h a r d t o

c o me b y o n th e outs id e b ec au se out ther e you a r e '

f or c d t o fend f or y ou r sel f a nd perha p s f or o t he r s in

a n un f or gi vi n soc iet y , and it's tough Ou t there , you mu s t face li fe He r e, you can turn y ou r b a ck on

it, and t h a t see ms co sy a n d appealing t o m e r ight

ssentia tips

~ This part ofthe exam tests

your detailed understanding of

a text,includingthe views an;J

atitudes expressed

~ Readthe whole text quickly for

its ge eral meaning- the gist

~ Th q estions follow the order

ofthetext, altho gh th last

question may referto the text

as awhole or ask about the

reading.Lookforthe option

that expresses this meaning,

probably in otherwords

~ Be careful:someoptions may

state facts that are truein

themselves but which do not

answer the question or

complete the question stem

correctly;othersmayinclude

words used in the text but this

does not necessarily mean that

a swers thequestion correctly

Nhatdoes the writer actualy tell

li a outhis feelings inthis

o ragraph?

Question 38: If you do not know

- emeaningof thewords inthe

optio s,guess.Forexample,if

34 In the first paragraph, how does the writer allude to his situation?

A He has mixed feelings about it

B He isafaid of heights

C He thinks there may be disastrous conse uences

D He regrets wasting so much time

35 How did the writer react to Bill's comment?

A Hecouldn't think of anything clever to say

B He realised that Bill would miss him

C He suddenly saw the ward n as a member of his family

D Hethought Bi h d made a go d point

36 The writer and Bill

A have nothing much in common

B dislike each other

C find solace in each other's compa y

D have developed some peculiar habits

37 The writer finds it surprising that

A he didn't decorate his cell after all these years

B he has left evidence of his personality in the cell

C he has spoiled the wall near his bed

D he has forg tten the words to some songs

3 How does the writer feel about leaving prison?

A He is aware that there will be nothing familiar around him

B He isworried that people won't recognise him any more

C He is afraid that he will beostracised asan ex-convict

D He isconcern d a out leaving his old friends behind

39 In the penultimate paragraph, what does the writer imply is ironic?

A that prison offers certain liberties

B that free people have many responsibilities

C that luxuries are rare in the outside world

D that prison life is more comforable than life outside

40 Overall, the writer implies that leaving prison

A is an event that is long overdue

B is a reason for celebrating

C is not asjoyful as he thought itwould be

D is only atemporary situation

Question40 : This question refers

to the wholeof thetext Some of

the optionsmaybe mentioned

somewhere inthe text and soappeartobecorrect,but this doesnot mea that they expresswhat

the writer is implyin overall

PAPER 3 Use of English

PAPER 4 Listening

PAPER 5 Speaking

~ In Paper 2 you must a ns wer

two q uestions in tw o hours, so

ti ming is impor t ant.

~ The que s tio n in Part 1 is

compu ls o r y You may be asked

to w ri te a n a r tic le, a n essay, a

l e t ter or a proposa l A l of these

w i be wr i tten for a particu l ar

purpose a n d target reader

Make s u re you a r e famil i ar with

a ll four text types that may

occur in Part 1.

~ P art 1 tests your abi l ity to

process information given t o

you through instructions as

well as written or visual

p r ompts i n order to produce a

piece of wr i ng that makes u se

of this info r mation in an

approp ri ate s t yle

~ Read the instruct i ons careful l y

and u n derl i ne the key wo r ds

t h at tell you what you have to

do T hen r ead the written

prompt , w h ic h may be an

extract f r om a l etter , art i c l e, etc

a d unde rl in e the re l evant

info r ma ti on If th ere is a v i sua l

prom p t a s well, m ake sure you

unders t a d w h t i n f ormation i

is convey i ng You must make

use of all t h i nformation i n

yo u r wri t ing

Question 1

~ Here, you have been asked to

write a l et t er to a newspa p er,

so think about the reg i ster

-how fo r ma l or informal should

it be?

~ A nal y se the points i n the

written prompt How far do you

agree o r disagree w i h each

point? Do you agree? Do you

d i sagree? O r do you agree w i th

some points to a certain e x t e nt

but d i sag r ee wit h others?

You must answer t h i s question Wr i te y ur answer in 300-350 w o rd s i n a app r opriate sty l e.

· 1 You have read the e x tract be l ow as part o f a n e w s paper arti c l e abo ut t he way technology has affected the lives of young pe o ple Reade rs h v been a ked to send i n thei r opin i ons You decide to w r ite a letter to the n ews p pe r r esp o nd in g

to t he point s rai s ed a nd exp r essing you r own view s

T h e in f iltration o f tec hn o l ogy in our liv es i s ha vi ng a negativ e effe ct on our

c h dren Whereve r we tu r n , we see

y oung people c lutchi n mobile

t e l e phones, sitting a t cybe r cafes , or

eng ro s sed in s om e co mput er ga me.

T h ey no longer se em to b e i ntere s ted

i n t h e ir o w n c ultu r e a nd a r e l o s ing

thei r indi v id u alit y T h ey en g a g e l ess

i n w h le s ome p ys i ca l ac ti iti e s,

sp e nd mo r e tim e ind oo r s , h ave f e w er

soc i al p as tim es - ev e n th e i r aca d e mic

perfo rmanc e see m s to b e s uff e ring.

or by say i ng what you hope the outcome will be

w h ich can lend weight to ea c

of your po i nts Use e x m ples

w h erever possible i n order to under l ine y ou r mes s ge.

~ Make sure you use a g oo d

se l ection of link i n words and phrases in you r writ i ng

~ M ake su r e t h e e x amine r can read your w riting When you have fin i shed , check yo u r spe ll i ng and punc t ua t ion

~ See the W r iting bank on page

142 for e x amp l es of different types of wr i ng

~ Think about ap p ropriate

PAPER 3 Use of English

PAPER 4 Listening

PAPER 5 Speaking

~ The r e are fo ur quest i ons t o

c hoose from in P art 2 Qu e t on

5 r elates to t h set bo o ks (w orks

of literature) whi c y u mi g ht

h ave studie d and prep a red For

q uestions 2-4 you will be

re quired t o write one o f he

fo llowing t ex t t y pes : an artic le, a

lett er , a proposal a rep o r t o r a

rev iew If ou h v e st ud i e d o ne

of he s e t bo o ks an d wa n t to

a swer q uest i on 5 , you can

e p ect to write one of t h

fo llowing te x t types: an article,

a essay , a letter, a report or a

revi e w Make sure you have h ad

pra tice w r iting a ll t e t ypes

~ Choo se a qu est i o you t hink

y ou w i be able to a ns wer

sati sfacto r ily Read eac h

que stio n ca re fully A r e you

am i liar with the features of th e

ext type? Do you kno w e nough

appr opriate vocabul a ry to writ e

on the to pic in the questi o n?

a e sur e you unde r s ta n

h t y u h ve to d o by

_n der lining the key p o ints in

- e q uestion and th e n plan

o r answer around these,

i n g down suitable words

" d p hrases you may want to

_se in your writing

: : , y ur se lf into the 'c onte x t '

: ;= th e ta sk , a nd consi de r your

- ='g t r e der Then wr it e your

-: in a register and style

,, : p r o ri t e for the particular

-= - x:.

:-eck y ur t ex t for rel e vance ,

- : - ety o f lang u g e and

r acy.

'on3

nk ab out the question

_ J i reme nts Who are your

-=~ e t re ders? You should not

_- : -0 form al s i nce yo u ar e

- n g for fello w stud e t s , but

: 3 C : ni -fo rm al regis t er wou ld

- ="pp ropri ate

300 - 35 0 words in an appropriate style

w asteland meas uri ng ap p ro xi m a tely 5 , 000 squa r e met r es on t he o u tskirts of the town T hey hope t o ma k f ul l use of t h e a r ea fo r t he benef it of both locals and visitors They ha v e therefore in v ited the public to send in pr oposals So far , t he r e

hyperma rk e t an en t er t ainment comp l e or a natu r e reserve.

meet studen t s' e pe c ta t ions and r equirements.

for improvements

~ Und er line the key points in the ques t o and ma k e notes This ques t on asks you to c m pa r e

tw o te xt boo k , s de ci d

w heth er yo u want to p r ais e the m, c r i ti is them o r pr a ise some as pects a n d critic i se

o t h er s Consid e r co n tra sting the two books

~ Organise your points int o

p r a gr a h b efore wri t ng

Qu es t io n 4

~ Consi d er t h topi c car e f ull y Your

r e o r t should be ad dress ed t o a particular person in authority , and n ee ds to b e fo r mal in style.

So think of suitabl e langua ge

yo u can use

~ R eports te nd to b writ te n acc or di ng to a set p la n This

in c lu de s:

• an introduction, in w hich

y ou e x pla i n your pu r pose

fo r wri n your report an d

th e ma t e rs yo u hav e

i n es tig ated.

• the ma i n b dy (u u l y t wo

o r more p ra gr ap hs ) i n which yo u di sc u s the current situation In this

c ase, on e paragra p could des c b e t h e pr e en t

st an da r d o f ood , ci ting

s om e com p la i nts th a t h av e been ma de a o t i t as well

a s yo u r o wn o bser va ti n Anoth e r p ragr a ph co uld desc r ibe the pres e nt quality

of servic e in a simil a r way.

• a con c l u sion, in whi c h you make re com mend a o ns f or

im provi n the sit u t io

~ C a r e full y p l a n ed, a re po rt is

r e l ati v el y str aigh tf or war d

~ Readthe whole text for gist

before you attempt the task It

is important to notice if

negative ideas are expressed,

or where there is antithesis or

contrast

~Think about thl:!type of word

that is missing.Most gapped

words form part of the

grammatical structure of a

sente ce, but some may form

partof a phrasal verb or a fixed

phrase

~Checkthe words before and

after the gap carefully,

Remember,the gapped word

must fit into the meaning of

the text as a whole.Sometimes

a gapped word will affect the

development of the text so be

careful

~When the gapped word is a

quantifier,think about whether

it is positive or negative.When

it is a connector,does it

introduce a supporting point or

a contrasting one?

~Onceyou have completed the

task,read through the text

again to make sure it makes

sense.Checkyour spelling:

marks are notawarded for

misspeltwords

Question 2: Thinkof an

expression with 'to' which

means 'as a result of'

Question 4: Which particle

follows 'stumble' to form a

phrasal verb meaning 'find or

discover by chance'?

Question8: Look at the

grammatical structure

immediately after the gap What

type of word are you looking for?

For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits eachspace Use only one word in each space There is an example at the beginning (0)

For centuries Egyptian hieroglyphics represented (0) of theworld's greatest linguistic challenges They (1) scholars baffleduntil they were finally deciphered in the nineteenth century, (2) tothe discovery of the Rosetta Stone

In the year 1799 some French soldiers found a slab of black basalt(3) working on a fortress near the small town of Rosetta Oneofficer, Pierre Francois Bouchard, realised they had stumbled (4)

a finding of great significance and handed it over to scholars

The Rosetta Stone has inscriptions in two languages, Egyptian and Greek,(5) there are, in fact, three scripts carved on it The(6) script is hieroglyphics, a pictorial form of writing used

(7) transcribe the language of Ancient Egypt, and which

(8) be foun on many Egyptian buildings and monuments Thehieroglyphics are followed by Demotic, (9) Egyptian script The

third script is Ancient Greek, and it was (10) that alertedBouchard, who recognised it, to the importance of the discovery

Many scholars became involved (11) the task of decipheringhieroglyphics, but it was (12) until 1822 that there was a majorbreakthrough The 'French linguist, Jean Francois Champollion was familiar with(13) Greek and Coptic, the language of the Christian descendants

of the Ancient Egyptians He was able to (14) out the Demoticsigns in Coptic and from there traced a path back to hieroglyphics,(15) making their decipherment possible

Question1 :Which word goes

with 'until' toexpress that itwas'only' in 1822thatscholars

came close to finding a

solution?

Question1 :Which word

co veys theidea of'in this

way'? Sometimes more thanoneword can complete a gap

correctly

~ Read the whole text for gist

before you attempt thetask

~Look at each gap carefully and

decide what part of speech is

missing - noun,verb,

adjective,or adverb

~Look atthe context o decide

whether the gappedword

shouldhave apositive or

negat i ve meaning

~If the gapped word isa noun,

shouldit be singular or plural?

If it is averb, what tense or

form should it be?

~Check if the gappedword is an

adjective or an adverb

~You may need to addo eor

more prefixes and/orsufixes

~Once youhave completed the

task, read through the text

again to make sure it makes

sense.Check your spelling:

marks are not awarded for

misspelt words

Question 16: Here,you need an

adject i ve, Thinkcarefuly how

:his isforme

Question17: Is the gappedword

adverb? Should ithave apositive

isease Is the meaning of the

•ordyou needh re positiveor

- eg a ti e

Qu stion25: Has public opinion

: > 'b ts so farbeen positive or

For questions 16-25, read the text below Usethe word given in capitals at the end

of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line There is

an example at the beginning (0)

Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet

There are (0) myths surrounding bats, those(16) creatures of the night: that they are blind

and carry rabies, and ifyou (17) wander into their

(18) in your h ir You may, therefore, be

surprised to learn that in fact, these wonderful mammals havegood eyesight and depend on sonar for nocturnal navigation Theirtalent for echolocation makes it virtually impossible for them tobump into you, let alone get caught up in your hair Another(19) view of b~ts is that they are dirty; in reality,

th y groom themselves (20) Few ofthem carry

rabies and you would be more likely to contract the disease from

a (21) dog or cat

Bats play an important role in the environment About seventypercent of bat species feed almost (22) oninsects, thus assisting farmers with pest control But they areimportant in other ways, too Some species feed primarily on fruitand so aid in seed ( 23 ) , while others feed onnectar and pollen and many plants depend on them for

So beari~ all this in mind, isn't it time we stopped speaking of

ENIGMASUSP CT

GUIDE

DAY

PAPER 1 Reading

PAPER2 Writing

PAPER4 Listening

PAPER 5 Speaking

~ Make sure you read all three

sentences in a set.A word may

make sense in one ortwo of

the sentences, but it is not

correct unless it makes sense

in all three!

~The gapped word mustbe the

same part of speech and have

the same form ine ch

sentencein a set

~Theg pped word mayhave an

unusualor unfamiliar usage,or

form part of an expression or

phrasal verb

Question 26: Read the second

'sentence;it will help if you know

what a symphony is and who

Brahms and Schumann were

Question 28:You should be able

toguessthe gapp dword by

rea ingthefirstsentence, but if

youcan't, the adjective in the

second sentence hasth

meaning of 'strong and able to

deal with difficult situations'

Question 30: The gapped word

has a similar meaning in the

second and third sentences:

'make longer in time or

distance' n the first sentence

o • We are setting off at first ,so please go to bed early

• She had to explain the matter to me again before I saw the

26 • Before the interview Brian took a deep breath and tried to

himself

• Did Schumann this symphony, or was it Brahms?

• Try to your thoughts before you start on the essay

27 • My grandmother managed to five children si

ngle-handedly

• Before ending the meeting, the Managing Director asked if anyone wanted

• They will the flag while we sing the national anthem

28 • The steak was so that you couldn't cut it, let alone chew it!

• Gerald thinks helooks in that black leather jacket with thestuds

29 • Why don't more women for public office?

• Does your car on unleaded petrol or diesel?

• We are going to a series of advertisements in the localpaper

30 • I would like to a warm welcome to you all and thank you

for being with 'ustonight

• They are planning to the road by twenty kilometres.,'/

• They originally intended to spend ten days in Egypt but now they'vedecided to their visit

3 • They the monument to the memory of the soldiers who

died in the war

• The doctor his life to finding a cure for this fatal disease

• She the song to her husband, who had helped herthrough all the difficult times

PAPER 1 Readrng

PAPER2 Writing

PAPER 4 Listening

PAPER 5 Speaking

~ Read both sentences carefully

The gapped sentence must

express all the information

contained in the prompt

sentence, but in different

words

~You must use thekey word to

completethe gapped sentence,

but you must not change its

form in any way

~The key wordmay be part of

an expression

~ You may need to change the

form of words in the prompt

sentence, and the order in

which you express the

information

~Beprepared to exp riment

For example, you may have to

ch nge an active structure to a

passive one,or a positive

sentence to a negative one

~Your answer must bebetween

reeand eight words in

ength.If you write too few or

:00 many words, you will be

o:>enalised

estion32:Which expression

'under'conveys the idea of

-lre isno way'? Asentence

=- inning in thiswaywill need

~- 'nversion

estion 33:'Averse'sug ests

dislikesomething Whatdo

, =_ eedto say here in orderto

: "the gapped sentencethe

- e meaning as the prompt

_ ""nce?

.on36:The key word is

.afixed expression

.c=~in'n tconsistent with'

'on39: You will need to

ersion here

For questions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning

to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given Youmust use between three and eight words, including the word given Here is anexample (0)

Example:

o He struggled to open the door

difficulty

o had difficulty in opening 1=0= I

32 There is no way I'm letting you go to that party!

allowing

36 It's not like her to behave like that as she's normally very calm

keeping

on

38 The rumours of his being fired are not true

contrary

She was very nice to me at first and I never imagined she could be so cruel!little

could be so cruel!

PAPER 1 Reading

PAPER 2 Writing

Part 1Part 2Part 3Part 4

PAPER4 Listening

PAPER5 Speaking

~ Re dthrough both texts to get

an idea of how they are similar

andalso how they are

different

~ It is a good idea to attempt

questions 40-43 first This will

help you focus on the points

~Somequestions may ask you

to findwords or phrases in the

text Others may ask you to

explain the meaning of words

and phrases or part of the text

Use your own words to do this

and do not copywords and

phrases from the text Be

careful toexplain only what

you are asked for,not the

whole paragra h!

Question40: What is the word

'commercial' usually associated

with? Consider how tourism

might develop if more and more

people want to visit Antarctica

For questions 40-44, read the following texts on tourism in Antarctica For questions

40-43, answer with a word or short phrase For question 44, write a summaryaccording to the instructions given

Antarctica represents ten percent of the Earh's landmass and is also theworld's last unspoilt wilderness, so it is hardly surprising that greaternumbers of people are visiting the frozen continent every year.Tourism toAntarctica began in the late 1950s but it wasn't until the 1990s that it began

5to have a commercial impact In the summer season 2004-5, over 27,000tourists visited Antarctica, and if one takes into account the crew, supportteams and scientists that went there too, the actual number of visitors wascloser to 50,000 The tourist industry is predicting that these figures willincrease even further Mass tourism has arrived

Tourism is already exering pressures on the Antarctic environment, andwhat worries environmentalists is that there is no current regulation and

1 very little constraint on where people may go and what they can do there.Tours to important wildlife and historic sites often attract large numbers ofpeople, and a new kind of 'adventure tourism' - offering activities such asscuba-diving, skydiving, and skiing - has also arrived Tourists can even flydirectly in to waiting ships, and there is now better access to inland areasthanks to light aircraft, helicopters and land vehicles Inevitably, there havebeen calls for accommodation to'be built ashore, as well as airstrips andlanding sites

However, if tourism is not to compromise Antarctica's designation as anatural reserve, it must be subject to certain restrictions concerning wherepeople can go and the types of activities they can do once they get there.Otherwise it is doubtful whether Antarctica can remain the last pristineenvironment on the planet for much longer

to Antar c tica like to fe e l? (Th ey

pay a lot of money to visit the

only continent that has not been

summary Read the qu e stion

carefully to see what

information you are being

~ The f r st text inc l ude s two

po i nt s f or your s umm ary T he

first o f th ese forms p a r t of the

mess a ge running t hro u gh th e

te x t an d is hard to mi ss Th e

second point is briefly

mentioned but it is something

that you w ould prob a l y

consi de r if y ou w ere thin ki ng of

vis i tin g Ant a r c c Th e s e co n

te x t al so i nc l udes t w o p o in ts.

Th e fi rs t cle ar l y m e nti o s one

of th e t hin g a poten t al v is i to r

sho uld b e aware of T h

se c on d point offer s a d i ce.

~ Writ e your summa ry f ro m the

l ist y o u h a e made , using your

own words as far ' a s po ssi b l e

~ Check the numbe r of w o r d s,

v ocabula r y, sentence stru c ture ,

NTARCTICA

has no indigenous population - if you exclude theunavoidable colonies of penguins - and the only people youare likely to see there are other tourists Some prudent touroperators, however, schedule their landings so they don'tbump into each other, thus reinforcing the illusion of the

wilderness experience.Vessels travelling to the Antarctic vary in size from cruisers

ice-strengthened vessels with a capacity of 1,000 or so TheInternational Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO),awell-respected voluntary organisation, has established rulesabout the size of ships allowed into Antarctic waters andconduct o't landing sites,so you should check that the tourcompany you go with is a member One of these rules statesthat no more than 100 people can visit land at anyone time,so

it is usually better to go with a smaller ship to ensure you will get

to see some of the spectacular wildlife and natural features ofthe continent up close

Tours operate in the summ,ermonths, between November and

temperatures can plunge to -90°C, but only a handful of

hardened scientists ever sit it out

44 In a para raph of 50-70 words, summarise in your ow n wo rd s a s f a r a s po s sibl e

which factors, according to both texts, should be taken into consideration byanyone thinking of going on a tour to Antarctica Write your summary on th e

separat e a nswer sh ee t

~ Before y u list e , read t he

statement that introduces each

extract and the two questions

or question stems that follow.

These will give you an idea of

what to expect The e x tracts

are short , so you don't have

much time to analyse the

conte x t whi l e you a r e listening.

~ Under l ine the k ey words in the

sta t emen t s a d quest i ons.

~ Yo u may h ear monologues or

dialogu e from real life

situations: a con v r sation

overheard on a bus , or

someone talking on the radio,

for e x ample.

~ Listen for gist the first time,

noting th e option s you thin k

are corr ec t Watch ou t for

trap s : some words or

e p r ess i ons may be m i sl ea d i ng

an d tw o of th e o p t ons are

there to c on f us e you

~ The se c ond t i me you l isten,

check your answer s car e fully.

Question 1: The woman

mentions feeling 'green ', which

can have more than one

meaning Ho w ever , in this c ase ,

the mean i ng is connected to t he

f a ct that t he sea i s r ough , an d

crea t es a contrast wi th th e

baby's peace f ul sleep

Question 3 : Listen caref u lly to

the whole e x t r act b e fore

choosing your answer There are

key words in the te x t which will

You will hear four different extracts For questions 1-8,choose the answer (A,Bor Clwhich fits best according to what you hear.There are two questions for each

2 What did they discover when they reached the next island?

A The harbour was old and ill-equipped

B There were too many ferries

C The locals were not very accommodating

3 What is he talking about?

A making a sculpture

B making a wooden doll

C making a musical instrument

What does he think is the most important factor in making this object?

A precision

B patience

Ques t ion 6: You could get

confusedh re by theva ous

combinations inthe options.As

youliste , tick offthe pointsyou

hear,b t remember that yo

may not hear the samewords

Que st ion 7: Listen carefully for

comments which indicate the

speaker's attitude towards the

activities performed in the

darkroom

Which factor assisted the woman in teaching her dog sign language?

A The breed has a tendency to be born with hearing problems

B Visual communication is instinctive in dogs

C The dog in question was especially intelligent

6 How did the woman train her dog?

A by using sign language and facial expressions

B by using facial expressions and spoken commands

C by using sign language, facial expressionsand spoken commands

7 How does he feel about the darkroom becoming outmoded?

A relieved

B regretful

C non-committal

8 The software for digital cameras is so far unable to

A save the photographer money

B produce good quality posters

C correct mistakes in a photograph

PAPER 1 Reading

PAPER 2 Writing

PAPER 3 Use of English

~ Before you listen, read the

questions carefully, paying

special attention to any words

that may give a clue to the

gapped word(s) Key words in

the sentence can act as

indicators of what to listen out

for.

~ The first time you listen, try to

understand the overall

meaning as this is crucial The

questions follow the order of

the text, so you have some

indication of where you will

hear the answer.

~ As you listen, jot down any

words or phrases that seem to

complete the gaps correctly,

both in meaning and

grammatically Listen out for

the key words you noted so

you know when the answer is

about to be mentioned

Sometimes you may hear

names, dates or numbers.

~ The second time you listen ,

make sure your answers

correspond to what is being

said The word(s} you need will

be heard in the recording , but

sometimes a very close

synonym or paraphrase is

acceptable.

~ Once you have completed the

task, check your spell i ng.

Question 9: What can a person

suffer from? Listen for a word

that m i ght describe an i l lness or

physical condit i on.

Question 13: Listen for what the

Indians do to the baby ' s head If

it is a wo r d you do not know, try

to write it as close as possible to

the way it sounds or the way you

imagine it would be spelt Don ' t

leave a question unanswered

You will hear part of a radio talk about the ways i n wh i ch birth is celebrated around the world For questions 9- 1 7, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

after the birth of a child.

for babies and toddlers may be held in Nigeria

In some cultures, trees are planted because they represent

Rivers and springs may play a role in birth ce r emonies

IJIJa baby ' s head Some people believe the gods will bless a new baby

and offer it the i r 1= == =================D3J

Some women paint their bodies or wear special jewellery to

Learning to walk is one of the important

marks the transition between childhood and adulthood.

Question 15: Here you need a

phrase Listen for e x amples of women who paint their bodies or wear jewellery

Question 17: Listen for a phrase

which means 'the specia l events that mark the journey betwee n

TEST

PAPER 1 Reading

PAPER 2 Writing

PAPER3 Use of English

~ Before you liste , ead the

instruc o s.Who is speaking

and whatis the situation?

~Readthe questions carefully

and imagine the content of

what you are about to hear

Underline key words in the

questions and question stems

~The words in the questions will

not usually be the same as the

words used by the speakers, so

listen forsimilar ideas

expressed in a differentway

~Thespeaker's attitudetohis or

her subject isvery important

Listen carefully to any

language which conveys

feelings or opinions

~The firsttimeyou listen,

concentrate on understanding

wh t the speakers are saying

rather than answering the

q estions

~Thesecond timeyou listen,be

re dy tochooseyouranswers

Question 18: The speaker

me tions all the options, but

hich one does he give asb ing

~ereason for scholars'special

- 'erest in thesite

estion 19: What does

~ofessor Pretz say about the

.N O theories? Do they have the

sameapproach to thesubject?

estio 20: Readeachoption,

en lsten carefully towhatthe

::-ofes orsays about

_ ourmouziadis' interpretation

=:r> s he accept it completely?

estio 22: Payattention to the

:-din of each option Then

-ncarefully to the professor's

h draw?

You will hear an interview with an historian For questions 18-22, choose theanswer (A,B, Cor Dj which fits best according to what you hear

1 The settlement at Dimini is especially interesting because

A it dates back to the Neolithic period

B it includes a large, central building surrounded by smallerones

C it is surrounded by a series of stone walls

D it is the oldest example of an organised community in

Greece

1 The two theoretical reconstructions of the site

A are based on different interpretive models

B assume that the central building was a castle

C were influenced by the writings of Homer

D were formulated at roughly the same time

2 According to Professor Pretz, Chourmouziadis' interpretation

A isconvincing and provides insight into how the settlementworked

B is based on evidence of social and economic activity in thesettlement

C is persuasive but the thinking behind it is open to question

D is too simple and generic to be of any real value tohistorians

2 The main difference between the two theories regardingDimini is that

A th y disagree about the settlement's social system

B they disagree about the function of the central building

C they disagree about the economic function of thesettlement

D the historians were inspired by different authors

22 Professor Pretz

A thinks historians should pay more attention to the social,historical and cultural influences of the period

B suggests that the study of the past is affected by influences

in the historian's own society

C proves that some historians are entirely subjective in theirapproach to the study of the past

D implies that the interpretations of the settlement at Diminiare unrealistic

PAPER 1 Reading

PAPER2 Writing

PAPER 3 Use of English

ssential

~ Read the questions care fully to

get an idea of what will b e

discussed and the opinions

that will be expressed.

~ Pay close attention to any

views that seem to confli c It is

unlikely that a speaker would

contradict him / herself, so th ese

are probably ment i oned by

d i fferen t speakers

~ If a speake r me n tions a poin t,

wait u ntil the other speaker has

e xpressed h i s o r her view

bec a use you nee d t o kn ow i

t he y ag r ee or not.

~ L isten fo r w o r ds or p h r a e

th at sho w agreement o r

d i s greement , for e x ampl e

' you ' re qu ite ri gh t ', o r ' I'm

a fraid I di sagree ', al t h ugh

agreement and d i s g ree m e nt

are usually exp r es s d mo re

subtly than this

~ Listen for different ways of

saying the same thing or

ex pr e ssions which h a ve a

similar meaning.

~ Check your answers when you

listen the second time.

Ques t ion 23: How might yo u

e press ' widely available' i n

other w ords?

Ques t ion 24: What do e

's uperfl u ous' mean? What is

anoth e r way of t a lkin g abo u t

images on a compu t er? Who

mentions this?

Quest i on 27: Wh i c noun m a

ref l e t what someth i ng

' contains ' ? L i sten for this in th e

' offi c ial ', where does it c ome

You will hear part of an interview with Penny and Simo n , two Internet business adv i sers For questions 23-28 , decide whether the opinions are e x pressed by only one of the speakers, or whethe r the speakers agree

Write P fo r Penny

S fo r S i mon

or B fo r Both, where they ag r ee

~ Try to be as natural as possible

in your interview, and smile!

This will help both you and the

other candidate to relax

~Use as much variety of

language as possibleand avoid

repeating words and

expressions the other

candidate has used

~Listen to the examiner's

questions and instructions

carefully

~In Part 2,which is the

interactive part of the

interview,remember to

address the other candidate,

not the examiner,and avoid

long monologues You are

supposed to be conducting a

conversation,so talk with your

partner, asking him or her

questions,as well as

expressing your own ideas

~In Part 3,you will need to

express your opinion on a

subject, so learn useful words

and expressions to help you do

this Express yourself as

honestly as possible - we

generallyexpress ourselves

better when we believewhat

weare saying!

Answer these questions:

• How would you describe the area you live in?

• What are your neighbours like?

• Would you prefer to live somewhere else?

• What would you like to improve about the area you live in

Candidates A and B: Turn to pictures A-Fon page 130-131,which show imagesconnected with space.First look at pictures A and F and discuss how space explorationhas helped us to understand more about the world we live in You have about oneminute for this

Now look at all the pictures I'd like you to imagine that the government is thinking ofspending more money on space exploration and wants to produce a leaflet to publicisethefact Talk about the importance of expanding our knowledge of the universe anddecide which picture would be used most effectively for the cover of the leaflet Youhave about three minutes for this

Candidate A: Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it Youcan use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own You havetwo minutes for this

Does the most important education occur within theclassroom or elsewhere?

• pre-school learning/play

• friends and peers

• real life experience

Candidate B:Is there anything you would like to add?

Candidate B:Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it.Youcan use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own You havetwo minutes for this

Has the function of schools changed since yourparents' day?

• working parents

• child minding

• private study and guidance

Candidate A: Is there anything you would like to add?

Candidates A and B: Now answer these questions about education in general:

• Are standards in education falling or improving?

• Are teaching materials and resources outmoded?

• Should the government spend more on education and less on defence?

• Should school subjects be more geared towards real life and work?

• Should teachers be obliged to attend regular retraining courses?

111_ 1 _

It appears/seems to be

This mustcould be

I'm fairly certain/sure

I imagine

Judging by

I can't tell who/what/where ,

How about this picture for the cover?

What do you think of this one?

This picture depicts/shows

This picture might be suitable because

This picture gets the message across because

I think this one is too obscure and confusing.You've got a point there We could also

Iwouldn't say that I think it shows

That's not a bad idea, but why not

What about a combination of

Picture (A) could be superimposed on picture (D).astronaut

fertility ( n ) the abilit y to reproduce an d have babies or young

prominent ( a dj) very noticeab l e

ritual (n) a r e li gio u s serv i ce w h ich invo l v es a series of act i ons

per f o r me d i n a fi xed o rd er

aesthet i c ( ad j) used to talk about beauty o r ar t, and people ' s

apprec i at i on of beaut i ful things

dye (v ) o change the co l our of something by soaking I In a spec i al

embellish (v) to add decorative featu r es o r patterns to someth i ng to

make it l ook more attractive

inspiring ( adj) exciting; making you fee l nterested and enthusiast i c

innovative ( a dj) new an d or i g i nal

interactive (ad j ) all owi n di rec t co mmu n i ca ti o be t wee n t h e us er and

t h e co m puter or t elevision system

ramp ( n ) a s l oping surface between two places that are at d i f erent

levels

mobility ( n ) he ability t o move or trave l eas il y f r om place to p l a c e, for

exa m p l e becau s e you are not physically d i sab l ed or beca u se you have

collaboration ( n) the act of working together to produce a piece of

w or k, e specially a book or some research

shrine ( n ) a p l a ce of w orship w h ic h is a sso ci a t ed w it h a part i cula r h l y

per s on or object

assistance ( n ) help and support

punctual (adj) arriv i ng somewhere at the right time and not late

detest (v) t o dis l ike someone or some t h i ng ve r y much

rouse (v) to waken so me one

prior to (prep) before

conveyor belt (n ) a continuously moving strip of rubber or metal

w h ich is u sed in f actor i es or airports for moving objects a l ong so that

the y can b e dea l t w it h a s quick l y as p o ssib l e

~ PART 2

device (n ) an object that has been invented for a par icular purpose,

f or example f o r record i ng or measuri n someth i ng

bent on doing something (p hr ) de t er min ed t o do som et hin g,

part i cular l y someth i ng harmfu l

render (v) to cause something to be in a particular state

redundant (adj ) no longer needed because its job is bein done by

somet h i n e l se or beca u se it j ob is n o longer necessary or use f ul

haptics ( n ) t h e sc i e ce o f add in g tacti l e se ns at i on t o compu t er i sed

m achine r y to enab l e t h e user t o gain a physical impression of how

the mach i nery is performing

enhance (v) to i mprove the va l ue , quality or attract i veness of

terrain ( n ) a n a r ea of l an d or a t ype of land when you are conSider in g

its p hysical feature s

optimum (adj ) the best level or state that something could achieve

anticipate (v) t o realise in adva n ce that so m e t h in g may ha p pe n a d

b e pr e a red fo r it

hazard ( n ) so m ething w h ich cou l d be dangerous t o yo u , your health

or safety, o r your plans or reputatio

transmit (v) to a ll ow sound or signals to pass through an o b ject or

su bst a ce

take evasive action (p hr ) de l ibe r ate l y move a way fr m s ome o e or

something in order to avoid meeting them or being h i t by them

chiropractic ( n ) h t reatment of injuries by pressing and moving

peop l e's j o i nts, especially the spine

chiropractor ( n ) a pers on w ho t ea t s in jur i e s b y c hir op r ac ti

diagnose (v) to id e t if a ill ne ss or d i sease in so m eone

a justment ( n ) a small change tha t is made to someth i ng joint ( n ) a par t of your body such as your elbow or knee where two

b nes me t a d are able to mo v e together manipulation (n) the act of skilfully moving and pressing bones or musc l es with your hands in order to push t h e bones in t o t h eir c or rect pos io or make the muscles less stif

negate (v) to cause something to lose the effect or value that it had refer al ( n ) the act of offi ia l y se din someone to a person or authority that is qualified to deal w i t h them

re istered ( a j) recorded o an official l st rigoro s ( adj ) very thorou h and strict reg lation ( n ) a rule mad by a overnment or other authority In order to control the w ay something is done or the way people b ehave enthuse (v) to talk about something in a way that s h ows h w exc i ted you are about it

supple ( a j) able to move and bend very easily visual ( a j ) relatin to s i g t or o t h i ngs that you can see impairment (n) a condition w h ich p r events someone's eyes, ea rs or brain from work i ng properly

peer ( n ) a person who is the same age as you or who has the same status as you

p rspective (n ) h a r of making some objects or peop l e i n a picture

lo o k further away t ha n o t he r s dawn on someone (phr v) to realise someth i ng devise ( v ) to have the idea for a plan, s stem or mach i ne, and design it

tactile ( a j ) received or felt by to ch complement (v) o go well with anot h r thing and make its goo d qua li ties more n t iceable

observation (n) the ability to pay a l ot of atte n tion to t h i n gs and to

n tice more about th m than most people do perception ( n ) the way you th i nk about something or the i mpression

foetus (n ) an animal or human being in its later stages of develo ment before it is born

potent (adj) very effective and powerful undeniable (a dj ) de f ini t e l y t ru e reciprocal (a j) i nvolv i ng two peop l e or groups w h o do the sa m e thing to each other or agree to help each another in a similar way consumer (n) a person who buys th i ngs or uses serv i ces

sensory (adj) re l at i ng to the p h ysical senses artificial (adj) no t occurr in g na t ura ll and c r eated by hu m a be in gs, for e x ample usi n g science or techno l ogy

stimulation ( n ) the process of encoura ing someone to develop monitor (v ) to regula y check the developme n t or progress of

s o m h i n or so m eo ne suspen (v) to ha n g somet hi ng f rom a h igh place contraption ( n ) a device or mach i ne that look strange, or you do not know what it i s use for

substitute ( v) to take the p l ace or perform the func t ion o f a other

t hin g

experiences that unites one person with another

~ PART 3

palaeoanthropology (n) the scientific study of early human beings

through fossils to learn about the history of human life on earth

smear (v) to cover something with dirt or an oily or sticky substance

crumple (v) to squash something so that it becomes full of untidy

creases and folds

foxed (adj) discoloured with yellowish brown stains

fade (v) to become gradually paler or less clear

cliffhanger (n) a situation or part of a play or film that is very exciting

or frightening because you are left for a long time not knowing what

wi l happen next

pygmy (adj) belon ing to a species of animal which is the smallest of

a group of related species

descendant (n) a person in a later generation who is related to a

person in an earlier one

tantalising (adj) if something is ta talisin , it makes you feel hopeful

and excited about getting what you want, usually before

disappointing you by not le ing you have wh t it appeared to offer

proselytiser (n) a person who tries to persuad others to share their

beliefs, especially religious or political beliefs

embrace (v) if something embraces a group of people, things or

i deas, it includes them in a larger gro p or category

adaptation (n) the act of changing something or changing your

behaviour to make it suitable for a new purpose or situation

dis nctive (adj) if somethin is distinctive, it has a special quality or

f eature which makes it easily recognisable and different from other

t hings of the same type

bloom (n) a flower o a plant

ero - Magnon (n) an early type of human being fo nd in Europ

b tween 60,000 to 10,000 years ago

sole (adj) a sole thing or person of a particular type is the only one of

t hat type

te ant (n) a person who pays rent for the place they live in, or for

la d or buildings that they use

N eanderthal (n) a early type of human bein who lived in Europe

b etween 35,000 and70,000 years ago

co abit (v) to live together

p rimary (adj) main; most important

c o text (n) the general situation that relates to an idea or event, and

N hich helps it to be understood

ex cavate (v) to remove earth carefully f om an area of land and look

'o r things such as pots, b nes or buildings which are buried there, in

r der to discover information about the past

u mbling (adj) making you realise that you are not as important or

s ummit (n) the highest point of something

erish (v) to die as a result of very harsh conditions or as the result of

5 accident

aye your mark (phr) to have a lasting effect on another person or

in

" d dle (n) something that people have been trying to understand or

= x p lain but have not been able to

u lse (n) a temporary increase in the presence or activity of

: m ething

5 C avenge (v) to collect things by searching among waste or unwanted

: j ects

r cass (n) the body of a dead animal

t ed (adj) containing just th main facts about someone or

- m ething

m pose (v) to write something such as music, a letter or an article

orporate (v) to include one thing within another

- e together (phr v) to gradually discover the truth about something

t ies to follow their example

h mans, monkeys and apes foliag (n) the leaves of a plant

b d (n) a small pointed lump that appears on a tree or plant and develops into a leaf or flower

twig (n) a very small thin branch that grows out from a main branch

of a tree or bush

~ PART4

trepidation (n) ear or anxiety about something that you are going to

do or experience oscillate (v) to keep changing from one mood, attitude or type of

b haviour to an ther and back dread (n) a feeling of great anxiety and fear about something that may happen

precipice (n) a very steep cliff on a mountain erstwhile (adj) used to describe someone that used to be the type of person indicated, but no longer is

reluctance (n) unwil ngness to do somethin and hesitation before doing it

sage (adj) wise and knowledgeable dump (n) a place that is ugly and unpleasant to live in or visit warde (n) a prison officer

quip (n) a remark that is intended to be amusing or clever motley (adj) used to describe a group of things or people that seem strange together because they are all very different

miscreant (n) a person who has done something illegal or behaved badly

mould (v) to change or influence someone over a period of time so that they develop in a particular way

close-knit (adj) closely linked, doing things together and taking an interest in each other

we ther beaten (adj) used to describe skin with deep lines because the person has spent a lot of time outside in bad weather

pock-marked (adj) used to describe skin with small hollow marks covering it because the person has at some time been scarred by a disease such as chic en pox or smallpox

infuriating (adj) extremely annoying fag (n) a cigarette

domain (n) an area over which someone has control, influence or rights

unwitting (adj) used to describe a person who does something or is involved in something without realising it

t ace (n) a sign which shows you that someone or something has been in a place

stamp (v) to leave marks of your presence in a place grate on someone's nerves (phr) to make someone feel annoyed at the way you are behaving

spatter (v) to cover the surface of something with marks engulf (v) to cover or hide something completely, often in a sudden and unexpected way

marginalise (v) to make someone feel isolated and unimportant brand (v) if you brand someone as something bad, people think they are that thing

do time (phr) to serve a prison sentence bad apple (phr) a person who is dishonest and therefore causes a lot

of problems for the group or organisation they belong to convict (n) someone who is in prison

coop up (phr v) to keep someone or something in a place which is too small, or which does not allow them much freedom

from oth er s

threshold ( n ) if you a re on the th r e shold o f somet h in g exc it i n o r

new , you are about to ex per i en ce it

wry (adj ) re ferring to a bad s i tuat io n in an amusing w a y

zombie (n ) a person w hose fa c e or beha v iour sho w s no f eelin g,

understanding or interest in w hat is going on a round them

PAPER3 Use of English

~.PART1

hieroglyphic s ( n ) symbols in th e form o f p ictu re s w c h ar e u sed in

some wri t in g systems , fo r e x amp l e t ho se o f an cie n t Egypt

linguis t ic ( a j ) r e l ating to l a ngua g o r li ngu istic s

baffle (v) to con f use som e n

decipher ( v ) to wor k out wha t a p iec e of w rit i ng says , even t hough it

is very difficult to read or u de r s tand

s l ab (n ) a thi ck, flat piece of so mething, su c h as a stone

b sa l t (n ) a type of blac k ro ck that is produced b y v olcanoes

fo rtr ess (n) a castle or other large strong building which is intended to

be difficult for enemies to enter

inscription ( n ) w rit i ng c ar ve d i nto som e thing ma d e of s t on e o r m al,

for e x ample a gr a veston e or me da l

noc t urnal ( adj ) occurring at night

naviga ti o ( n ) the scien c e of de cid ing w h ic h c our se to fol l o w and

steer i ng a sh ip or a ai rc raft the r e

echo l ocation ( n ) a s y st em u sed by som e a nim a l s t o det erm i n t h

position of a n obje c t by me asur i n ho w l o g i t take s f or a n e cho to

r e t urn f r om the obje c t

groom ( v ) t o c lean an animal's fur , usua l y b y brushing it

con t rac t (v) to become ill w ith a serious i lln e ss or diseas e

pest (n) an insect or small animal w hich damages crops or food

supplies

nectar (nl a sweet liquid produced by flow e rs , w hich bees and other

insects colle c t

pol l e (n) a fine powder p r od uc ed by f l o w ers w c h fertilises other

flowe r s of the same sp ecie s so that the y pr o du c e seeds

enigma ( n ) something o r so meone t h at i s myster ious o r d i f fic u lt t o

understand

t angle ( v ) to twi s t togeth er in a n un t i dy way

v accine ( n ) a substanc e c on t aining a ha rml e ss f o r m of t he g erms th a t

cause a particu l ar diseas e which i s gi v en to p eople , usually by

injectio n, to prevent them getting that dis e as e

excl ude (vI to prevent someone from entering a place or ta k ing part in

~.PART 3

anth e m (nl a son g w hi ch i s us e t o re p r e se nt a parti c ula r na t ion ,

s o ci ety o r grou p, and w c h is sung on spe c ial occ a sions

stud ( n ) a small pi ec e of metal th a t is attached to a surface for decoration

HPART 5

ex e rt (v) t o u se i nflu ence , a t hor i t y or pre ssure in a s tron g or

det e rmine d way, e s pecia lly i n orde r t o pro d uc e a p r ticular eff ec t inevitab le ( a j ) certain to h appe n ; un a voidab le

co mp ro m i s e ( v I to do s ome thi n whi c h d a ma g s s omeone ' s po si > i

-or the ir r e u t at i o

d sig na t io n ( n l a de s r i p t i on , na m e o r i tl e th a t is gi v en t o som e t hi ;

pri s tine ( adj ) e x t eme ly cl ean or new

i nd i g eno us ( adj l ind ige nous peopl e or th i ngs belong to the count r y

-w hich they are found, rather than coming there or being broug h t there from another countr y

prud e nt ( adj ) sensible and careful

c onduct ( n l the w a y som eon e beh a v e s in parti c ul a r s ituation s

PAPER 1 Reading

HPART 1

grapho l ogy ( n ) th e stu dy of peopl e ' s hand w riting in orde r to d is c _

w hat sort of personalit y they have

c ons u lta n t ( nl a pers on w ho gi v es exp ert advice to a person o r

or g nis a tion o a p r ic a r subje c t

fr i cti o (nl d isagre e m e t a d a rgumen t b t w een people asse ssm e nt ( n ) a judg e me nt a bout s om e ne o r s omethi ng a e r =-= '

have been co n s i dered or rev ie wed

in v e rtebr a te ( n l a c r eature th at does not h av e a sp i ne track ( v ) to f o llow s omeone ' s or somet h ing ' s m oveme nts, o f e mea n s o f a sp ec i a l de v ice such as a sa t ellite or radar

b it (v) to put food on a hook o r i n a trap in o r der to c at c h f ish •

a i mals

behem o th ( nl som e thing e x tremel y large in size or power

c r o ne (n ) an ugl y old w oman

w p ( n l a small , thin , untid y bunch of ha i r

fl a sh (v) if y ou flash a lo ok or a smil e at so meon e , y ou su dd e

po w er , kno w ledg e or su cc ess, so that it becomes more ef fe c · : = _

-o es ity ( n ) the s ta o f b ei ng e x trem e ly fa t

c a aci ty ( n ) the abil ity to do som e thi n , or the amoun t o f i :

are able to do

grievous (adj) e x tremely serious or w orrying in its effe ct s

19 A: Incorrect The text says, 'Until recently, the makers of

automated machinery seemed bent on rendering operators

redundant', not that this was their intention It simply

appeared to be so

19 B: Incorect The operators, not the manufacturers, felt no

connection with the machine they were operating

19 C: Correct 'Engineers are finally beginning to recognise the

value of the human touch with regard to the operation of

mechanical devices Until recently, the makers of

automated machinery seemed bent onrendering operators

redundant by reducing their involvement with the machine

to the touch of a button This theoretically made the user's

job easier, but in practice, they felt they had no connection

with the machine or how it functioned.'

190: Incorrect The text implies the opposite: that until recently,

haptic principles were not being used to develop

machinery

20A: Incorrect The opposite is true Haptic feedback enhances

the operator's understanding of how a machine works

20B: Incorrect Haptic feedback helps the operator to understand

how the machine is responding to different types of terrain

2 C: Incorrect There is no evidence to support this answer in

the text

200: Correct 'By programming haptic feedback into the

electronic control system, engineers are helping operators

to enhance their understanding of how a machine is

responding to a particular terrain through feel, and by

doing so,achieve optimum performance.'

21A: Incorrect There is no mention of massage in the text

2 B: Correct 'Chiropractors diagnose and then treat problems of

a neuro-musculoskeletal nature by making specific

adjustments to the joints of the body - the spine in

particular - in order to improve the function of the nervous

system, and thereby enable the body's natural healing

processes to do their work No drugs or surgery, just gentle

manipulation at the hands of a trained specialist!'

2 C: Incorrect The specialist makes adjustments to the joints in

the body, not the nerves and muscles

2 0: Incorrect The specialist makes adjustments to thejoints in

the body, not the nervous system

22 A: Incorrect 'Chiropractors diagnose and then treat problems'

2 B: Incorrect Chiropractors make the diagnosis, 'negating the

need for a doctor's referral'

2 C: Incorrect The text does not mention anything about

medication that a person may already be taking

0: Correct Although thewriter does not directly advise the

reader to do so,he emphasises the fact that 'Registered

chiropractors are subject to rigorous regulations and high

standards of practice are maintained', implying that it is

advisable to go to a registered chiropractor

A: Correct 'Ihad spent years trying to keep up with my peers,

struggling to master the principles of colour, form and

perspective, until itdawned on me one day that perhaps

the skills Iwas attempting todevelop neednot necessarily

b visual.'

23B: Incorrect The artist realise that she did not need toimprove hervisual s ills

23 C: Incorrect The artist indicates that in the past she had

struggled because shehad a visual impairment, notbecause shelacked talent

230: Incorrect The artist says she realised she could improve

herwork by changing the way she perceived the world

24A: Incorrect The text says that touch can'offer an alternative

means of observation', not improve it although it can

'increase one's sense of perception'

24B: Incorrect Touch does not improve one's ability to see

24C: Correct 'it provides a unique, non-visual way for artists to

a stract images from forms'

240: Incorrect The artist has bee working with large objectsbut she is not a'visual' artist

25 A: Incorrect Touch is the first senseto develop, but this is notthe main reason why it is important

25 B: Corect 'Essentialy, touch aids psychological, intellectualand physical development while its absence cancause

undeniable harm.'

25 C: Incorrect Touch is important for communication but this isnot its most important function

250: Incorrect Thetext saystouch is a'reciprocal sense' butthis

is not the same as saying that it teaches us to 'reciprocate'

- sharewith others

26A: Incorrect The writer uses this as an example of how peopledistance themselves from their babies He does not saybabies should never sleep alone

26B: Incorrect The writer indicates that some people provideartificial security He does not indicate if they are a majority

26C: Correct 'But babies needtheir mothers, not machines andcontraptions No invention can substitute for the directphysical contact that forms th basis ofthe mother and

child bond.'

2 0: Incorrect The writer isnot talking abo t a chid'supbringing

~ PART 3

27F: The first paragraph uses a book metaphor and talks about

'the story ofth past' Paragraph F introduces the bookthat

Chris Stringer and Peter Andrews have written

28C: Theparagraph beforethe gap mentions the newly

discovered human species for the first time and compares

it to other known early human species This newevidence

raises questions, which arethen posed in paragraph C

29H: The paragraph before the gap refers to Stringer's

b c ground ande dswith the statement' H o mo

f loresiensis, however, astonished him', which suggests that

some comments by Stringer may follow The paragraph

after the gap consists of aquote, with no mention of the

speaker's name, which implies that the speaker is

continuing a comme t which began in the gap e

p ragraph Paragraph His a quotation, and explains what

the speaker finds 'astonishing' about th newdiscovery

30 G: The paragraph before the gap explains the nature and

complexity of human evolution Paragraph G describes the

accepted view of human evolution using the metaphor of atree In the paragraph after the gap,this metaphor iscontinued: 'Modern humans probably popped upwithin thelast 200,000 years, but thethings that make modernhumans sodistinctive in the fossil record - symbolic art,

pottery and jewellery - bloomed only about 50,000years

ago.'

31 A: The last sentence of the paragraph before the gap suggests

that our own species is transient Paragraph Acontinues

this idea: 'We should not see ourselves as the summit of

the perfection how successful will we look in 50,000

years ?' The paragraph after the gap says that humans

nearly died out several times in the course of their

evolution

32 B: The paragraph before the gap mentions the Neanderthals,

and raises questions about their relations with other human

species Paragraph B considers the Neanderthals and raises

a further question: did other human species regardthem as

different from themselves? Stringer's answer to this

question is in the paragraph after the gap

33 0: This paragraph presents Stringer's view of what became of

the Neanderthals, concluding what has been said in the

three previous paragraphs, and leads into the final

paragraph, regarding the authors' intentions in writing their

book

~ PART 4

34 A: Correct The writer is not certain how he feels about leaving

prison 'I hesitate andcontemplate this factwith some

trepidation, oscillating between a feeling of excitement and

one of utter dread.'

34 B: Incorrect The writer uses the image of the precipice as a

metaphor to describe his anxiety about leaving prison

34 C: Incorrect The text does not mention the consequences of

what he is about to do

340: Incorrect He does not regret wasting so much time He is

now frightened that the time to leave has arrived

35 A: Incorrect He has a'sarcastic quip' ready, but realises he

cannot say it

35 B: Incorrect Bill implies that the writer will miss his fellow

prisoners, not the other way round

35 C: Incorrect He realises he feelsclose to the other people in

the prison, but he does not necessarily regard them as

family

350: Correct 'Bill notices my sudden reluctance and smiles,

nodding sagely "Hard, isn't it?" he says "You spend all

your time waiting for your release only to find that when it

comes down to it, you don't want to go Much as you hate

to admit it,this dump has become your home, and the

lads, even the warden, bless him, well, they've become

family." A sarcastic quip in response to this lastremark

dies in my throat It strikes me that this motley bunch of

miscreants have indeed come to mean something to me,

and that in spite of myself I will miss them.'

36 A: Incorrect The writer does not mention if he and Bill have or

do not have anything in common

36 B: Incorrect The writer says that he and Bill irritate each other,

but this is not the same as disliking each other On the

contrary, the writer finds Bill's presence comforting and he

says that Bill understands him

36 C: Correct 'we have grown used to sharing a fag and talking

about nothing in particular It suddenly dawns on me that

he understands mein a way nobody else ever has and I

never have to pretend to be something I am not with him

He just seems to know what is going on in my head and

doesn't question it, but rather accepts it philosophically I

realise there is something comforting about waking up

every morning to the sounds of Bill moving around his

domain next door.' 'Solace' means 'comfort'

36 D: Incorrect Thewriter does not imply that his or Bill's habitsarepeculiar

37A: Incorrect The writer is not surprised that his cell is notdecorated; he delberately did not bother to make it looknice

37 B: Correct He is surprised to find that he has left evidence ofhis presence, even though he never made an effort todecorate his cell 'Even so, it is amazing how we

unwittingly leave traces of ourselves wherever we go,stamping our self on everything we touch There is therubber markon the wall above my bed, made by mythrowing a small ball at it every day,an actvity whichgrated on Bill's nerves butwhich helped me calm my own.Then thewall against which my bunk stands is spattered

with writing: the lyrics of songs and the lines of poems that

I have struggled not to forget Wherever I look, 1see thingsthat are familiar.'

37 C: Incorrect He is not surprised by the marks on the wall

3 D: Incorrect He has not forgotten the lyrics: he has writtenthem on his wall in order to remember them

38 A: Incorrect Thewriter does not know what to expect outsidebut neither does he imply or say that nothing will befamiliar

38 B: Incorrect He does not saywhether people outside prison

will recognise him or not

38 C: Correct 'Out there the unknown waits to engulf me, andthe loneliness of being marginalised by society; I will bebranded by the fact that I have done time - just anotherbad apple.'

38 D: Incorrect Although he has become accustomed to his

fellow prisoners, he is not really concerned about leavingthem; there is more a sense of anxiety about what he isgoing to find outside

39 A: Correct. 'It occurs to me that we convicts spend all our time

cooped upand trapped, longing for the moment we will befree again, not realising that there is a per v erse freedom to

being ins id e : a freedom from all forms of responsibility.'

39 B: Incorrect He suggests that free people haveresponsibilities, but this is not the irony

39C: Incorrect He suggests that the luxury of being able to putyour feet up and relax is difficult to achieve outside prison,

not that all luxuries are rare Nor is there any irony in thestatement

39 0: Incorrect He is momentarily attracted to the lack ofresponsibility attached to life in prison, but does notsuggest that i is more comfortable Again, there is no irony

in this

4 0 A: Incorrect Although the writer has been waiting to leave for

a long time, the text implies that when the time comes, he

is reluctant to go

4 0 B: Incorrect The text implies that he is reluctant to go

40 C: Correct 'After dreaming of this moment for years,

endlessly counting off the days, over and over I am now

gripped with a sense of terror at the thought that the timehas actually arrived Out there, you must face life Here,

you can turn your back on it, and that seems cosy andappealing to me right now.' Generally, the text talks about

the writer's surprise atrealising that the moment he hasbeenwaiting for all this time is no longer so attractive to

him

4 0 D: Incorrect In the last paragraph the writer says to Bill that

he may be back in prison soon, but he is actually making ajoke

1In the introduction explain your reason for writin

Mention that you have read the article and that you

would like to share your opinions with the

newspaper's readers

2Address the points made in the extract:

• Do young people spend all their time on the

phone, the Internet or playing computer games?

• Are they no longer interested in their culture or

their individuality?

• Is it true that they engage less in physical activities

and spend more time indoors?

• Is their academic performance suffering?

• Can we blame all this on technology?

3You may agree or disagree completely, oryo may

want to express aview somewhere in between

Choose the right kind of language and be careful

with your tone Useexamples wherever necessary or

where they can support your argument

4Conclude byaddressing the final question the extract

poses: how far does technology affect our lives, and

canwe or should we do anything about the

situation?

ueston 2

S ty le : Formal

o t ent: Proposal, possibly divided into sections with headings

1In the introduction statethe purpose of your

proposal

2Discuss each of the suggestions under a separate

heading for each one.You could also include

additional suggestions ofyour own Discuss the

advantages anddisadvantages of each suggestion,

highlighting who would benefit most from each

3Conclude by explaining which of the suggestions you

think is best and give reasons to support your ideas

You could also express support for the idea of

developing thewasteland in general

estion 3

Sty le: Semi-formal

- a t e nt: Review

1In the introduction state what course you are

studying, and the titles of the two textbooks you

intend to compare Youmaywish tocompare a

textbook you find particularly interesting and useful

with one you consider to be of a lower standard This

will facilitate comparison

2Make sure you address the following points when

comparing the books:

• Level - Saywhether you think the textbooks are

challenging or not

• Content - Is this varied and stimulating?

• Requirements - Do the books cover the essential

aspects of the subject adequately?

3 Conclude by summing up your overall view of the

two textbooks

Question 4

St y le : Formal

Content : Report possibly divided into sections with headings

Bullet points or numbered lsts can also be used

1In the introduction state the purpose of your report

2 Your observations on the current situation could beorganised into two paragraphs, with the followingheadings: 'Quality of food' and 'Quality of service'

However, you may prefer to present yourobservations of both under one heading: 'The current

situatio ' Includ refere ce tocomplaints that havebeen made by customers and say whether you foundthem to be justified

3 Theconclusion could havethe heading 'Suggestions

for improvement' Present your suggestions for

improvement and say why you think they will work

16 enigmatic (noun to adjective)

17unsuspectingly (verb to negative adjective to negative adverb)

18 entangled/tangled (verbto past participle of new verb/verb topast participle)

19 misguided (verb to negative adjective)

2 daily (noun to adverb)

2 unvaccinated (noun to past participle with negative prefix)

22 ex lusively (verb to a jective to adverb)

23 dispersal (verb to noun)

2 pollination (noun to noun describing aprocess)

25 disrespect (verb/noun to negative noun)

3 no circumstances (1)+am I allowing you to go (1)

33 amnot averse(1) +to (eating) snails (1)

34taking it(1)+ for granted that (1)

35 it not bee (1) + for the fire fighter/fire fighter's help (1)

36 is not inkeeping (1)+ with (1)

37 to university (1)+ depends/will depend on (1)

3 (the) rumours (1) +to thecontrary (1)

39 that little (1)+ did Iimagine (1)

HPART 5

4 0 the eff ct of the growing income generated from to rism

41 restrictions

42giving tourists a stronger impression that they are in a

completely wild, unspoilt environment

43They havegot used to the Antarc ca winterfThey are

acclimatised to thecoldfThey havewintered there before

(so they are used to it)

19A: Incorrect The wrier mentons home w or k asconsolid tion

of what is learne inclass

19B: Incorrect Play is fun, but that is notwhy it isimportant

19C: Incorrect Thetext does not mention 'cerebral

development' or makeclearwhat 'proper' cerebral

development would be

19D: Correct 'Intelligence and aptitude tests have demonstrated

that not only isplay fundamental to le rning and

developing s ils, it is al so a me a ns by w hi c h t h e br ain c an

g row, fa c ilitating i t s o w n c ap ac it tolea r n , c r eate and

think.'

20 A: Correct 'We urgethem to sp nd longer attheir homework,

but the sad truth is that by not playing, their ca acity for

learning isgrievously curtailed, no matter how rigorous

th ir academic drive.'

20 B: Incorrect Thetext says that children are getting worse at

spelling It does not say that children wh study are better

at spelling

20 C: Incorrect Thestatement implies that children who do not

study gen rally suffer from several eating disorders,

whereas thetext implies that alarge number of children

areoverweight, w ch is notthe same thing

20D: Incorrect The text merely says that children who do not

play find i harder to make friends This is notthe same as

fn ing it harder to 'develop socially'

21A: Incorrect Theplace the children are exploring has a

'doorste ', so it cannot be acave

21 B: Incorrect 'decayin grandeur' implies th t he place was

once impressive, soit cannot be a shack

21C: Correct The text refers to the'doorstep' and'thestark

decaying grandeur' of the place

21 D: Incorrect The place the children are exploring h sa'do rstep', so it cannot bea minesha

22 A: Incorrect The writer does not mention any authorities

22B: Corect Thewriter mentions 'ghouls andspectres' and

imagines that 'they had got him and whisked him of to

wherever itwas they spent the daylight hours'

22C: Incorrect Thewriter does not mention any animals, and

nor is there any implication that there are animals in the

story

22D: Incorrect The writer makes itclear that he thought that

someone or something had taken Timmy

23 A: Incorrect There isno evidence that anyof the children was

behaving aggressively

23 B: Correct 'I hadasked the chidren to clearaway their

p inting things but a few h d to be told several times

nonetheless One girl in particular seemed determin d not

to h arme.'

23C: Incorrect Thewriter does not imply that the noisethe

chidre were makin was ir tating, and therefore was not

frustrated by it

23 D: Incorrect The writer does not indicate how long the

chidren were taking or that this iswhat was frustrating her

24 A: Incorrect There is noevidence for this in thetext The

teach r was concerned that Sylvia mig t grow resentful of

society or other children

24 B: Incorrect The teacher was sur p rised by thechild's attitude

24C: Incorrect There is no evidence for this in thetext

24 D: Correct 'Bot ing up her anger would havecaused more

problems Shemight have taken it out on another child

later on, or sh might grow up feeling that society was

treating her unjustly.'

25 A: Correct 'Wetake itfor granted that a ulthood is themeaningful part of our existence, and everything prior to it

ismerely preparation The oldadage quoted by Samuel

Butler isofte cited buthasnotyet been fully assimilated:

UA hen is an egg'sway of making another egg." It is verydifficult for a yof us to think of ourselves as a baby's way

ofmaking another b by.'

25 B: Incorrect Thereis no mention of this inthe text

25 C: Incorrect This is not the reasonwhy the quote is used

25 D: Incorrect This isnot the re sonwhy the quote is used

26A: Incorrect Thefact hat the young of many species play

d es not make it strange to suppose that childhood ispreparation for adult life

26 B: Incorrect The text does not mention maturity inchildre

26 C: Correct 'i iso e of the inviolable te ets ofevolutionarytheory that what an animal is or does is governed by

events that have happened, notevents that are going to

hap e '

TAPE

~ PART 1

Yo u will hear four different extracts For questions 1-8, choose

t he answe r (A , B or C) w hi ch fits best according to what you

hear Th er e are two q u es ti ons fo r eac h ex t ract

Extract One

Woman: Onleaving the island, we encountered the first rough

weather ofourtrip Before we knew it, he Beaufort scale was

registering between 6 and 7 asthe chilling north wind blew

down, heaving us up over the waves and plunging us down

into the troughs between them Fortunately, our baby

daughter Sophia Rose slept through the whole experience,

wedged tight into her Moses basketinone of the cabins,

apparently calmed by the sensatio of being rocked up and

down, unlike her mother who was looking decidedly green!

When we finally reached the south-west coast of the next

island the wind had eased off, and before long we were

searching for a berth in the island's main harbour

Unfortunately, most of the available space was taken up by

local fishing boats, andthe few spaces that were left were

exposed to the swell from the ferries which regularly came

and went Wherever we tried to berth fishermen belligerently

waved usoff but eventually we managed to tie up alongside

another three sailing boats, which made disembarking with a

baby and a pram an adventure initself!

Extract Two

Man:Well,first of all, you need time and a lot of patience as

well asknowledge Patie ceis particula y important because

precision is everything Even a tiny mistake can ruin the end

result Then, suitable materials must be found These are

sometimes hard to come by because you need different kinds

of wood for different parts and it must be good quality - and

cut in a specific way For example the body needs strips of

hard wood which are then joined together to form a rounded

shape.You also need a hard wood - preferably oak- for the

neck.Then the fingerboard and bridge must be made of

ebony The soundboard is the only part which is made using a

softwood - pine.This needs alot ofplaning andsanding

because the thin er it is.the better the sound

I think the most difficult part is getting the measurements

right Thespaces between the frets must be calculated

accurately and their distance from the bridge carefully

measured This is of paramount importance Foulthis up and

you won't be able to play a right note

Extract Three

Woman: We got Pongo for the children initially, but it was a

month before we realsed he wasn't responding to any sounds

at al It's a congenital problem with some breeds, especially

dalmatians

Man: Wasn't it difficult to train him?

Woman: You'd be surprised Dogs use their own form of sign

language ifyou think about it: wagging their tail when they'rehappy raising their hackleswhen they feel threatened so itwasn't such a big stepto teach him a new vocabulary He was

incredibly good-natured and ever so eagerto please.Man: How did you teach him?

dog If you reward a dog every time he does something right,

he'll soon learn how to please you Youhave to give very

clear hand signals Facial expressions seemed to help agreat

deal.so where possible we ensured that he could see ourfaces clearly.We found that actually saying the command outloud also helped to reinforce the correct facial expression Weonly use about a dozencommands altogether, but some

owners claim to have taught th ir deaf dogs a lot more thanthat!

Extract Four

Man: Ithink in my line of work the advent of the digital

camera was a godsend Reels and reels of film usedto get

wasted asyo struggled to get one perfect shot It was acostly business

Now, of course, the initial outlay is still high but he cost of

d veloping and the running costs, well, they're negligible The

d rkroom is virtually a thing of the past asit's rapidly beingsuperseded by the computer The software accompanying theequipment enables you not only to delete redundant shots but

to tweak the onesworth keeping You know,correct minorflaws, enhance cerain features and even make creativeadjustments All without the headache of dealing with messychemical solutions

But we're not writing off film camerasjust yet Forprojectssuch as advertising posters, professionals still prefer the large

format film cameras It's a question of resolution, basically.The resolution capability of a digital camera is determined byits megapixel capacity - pixels are the dots which make up theimage in a digital p otograph - and well to date.this isnotenough to produce mural-size display prints But it's only amatter oftime before

You w ill hear pa r t of a radio talk about the way s in w hich birth

is ce l ebrated around the w or l d F or questions 9-17, comp l ete the sentences with a word or shor t phras e.

Woman: In the West a new mother usually returns from thehospital within a few days of her child's birth and,althoughshe is unlikely to go straight backto work and there areprobably friends and family nearby to lend her ahelpinghand,there's little by way of significant ceremony to mark the

important changes that have occurred For many women this

p riod is a time of great anti-c max and it has been suggested

that it could be one of the causes of postnatal depression

celebrated with many splendid rites and traditions, sometimes

just by a clan or family, often by a whole tribe or community

In Nigeria a party is thrown for all babies and toddlers up to

the age of three because their spirits are thought to be

connected to that of the newborn, and in the Sudan a party in

the streets may go on well into the early hours, with feasting,

drinking, music and dancing for all members of the

community

Another way of commemorating the birth of a child is by

planting trees In Nigeria a banana tree that has been named

after the child is planted in a special grove at the edge of the

village, where children can play This tradition also exists in

many European countries In Switzerland the custom is to

plant an apple tree for a girl and a nuttree for a boy A tree's

lo gevity and solidity symbolises the good health and long

life of the child it stands for

Water is very often used in ceremonies that celebrate birth

d eto its cleansing and purifying powers Natural springs and

rivers are recurring symbols of new life and in many cultures

water is used to dedicate the child to Mother Earth The

Jicarilla Indians in Mexico traditionally invoke the protective

Dowers of nature as they anoint the head of a newborn child

ith water from sacred male and female rivers Elsewhere

'mmediately after birth a baby might betaken outside and

Dresented to the gods or spirits in order that it might receive

:heir blessing and protection

3ut it is not only the child who is celebrated A young woman

isn w a mother In order to mark their new status, Aboriginal

.Yomen in Australia paint their bodies with white clay; in

c hiopia new mothers may shave their heads and decorate

: e bodies with special jewellery and in other countries they

-naytake a ceremonial bath or be given gifts by the

•.ommunity

the west we tend to commemorate the growth of a child

•.ith birthdays In the developing world where it is not always

:>ossible to know the exact date of birth, celebrations are held

: mark the first time a child crawls, stands, walks or answers

:J h r name Her first tooth or haircut are also important

iestones in her life.But perhaps the most significant

=-ans ion a child makes is when she enters the world of the

=dults; this is usually marked by a rite of passagethat is

_ ost totally ignored in the west

u w ill hear an interview with an historian For questions

-3 - 2 , c hoose the answer ( A, B , C or DJ which fits best

o r d ing to what you hear

erviewer: On the programme today, it gives me great

: 33sureto welcome the renowned historian, Professor David

: stz Professor, you specialise in the Neolithic period, and

- e conducted a considerable amount of research into the

ement of Dimini in northern Greece.Can you tell us

ething about it?

Pr o f essor: Yes,um Dimini was a small settlement whichstood on a low hill rising out of the fertile plains of Thessaly

It's a site of particular interest to the historian because it datesback to the Late Neolithic period - between 3.700 and 3.300

BC - and.um as such, represents Greece's earliest example

of a small town planning scheme The settlement comprised alarge central building and courtyard situated at the top of thehill, with smaller houses or units on its slopes, all containedwithin a series of stone ring walls

Int e rvi ewer : Right Now,Dimini has been the subject ofdebate among contemporary archaeologists Why is that?

Pro f esso r : Well, basically, that's due to two opposinginterpretations put forward by leading archaeologists of theearly and late twentieth century Dimini was first excavated bythe well-known archaeologist Christos Tsountas.He made use

of the works of Homer as models for interpreting thestructural organisation of the settlement in order to build apicture of its socio-economic system Historians often makeuse of models such as these to understand and piece togetherthe historical puzzle of early civilisations In Tsountas' case he

used the Iliad and the Odyssey and reconstructed the

settlement at Dimini as a castle its central building housing awealthy king.fortified by subordinate units and surroundingwalls, which were extended or added to after parts had beendestroyed

Pr o f esso r : In the 1970s the archaeologist George

Chourmouziadis re-excavated the site using a differentapproach He placed an emphasis on economic production inorder to explain social structure and change within a givensocial group As a result his interpretation of Dimini conflictedwith that of Tsountas He argued that the settlement reflected

a kind of communal system where several householdsworked together to maintain the settlement until a time whenthe owners of the larger building imposed a system of privateproperty and built walls within the settlement itself

Inter v iewer: Whose interpretation do contemporary historianstend to favour, Professor?

P ro f essor: Well you see,the debate is ongoing

Chourmouziadis' view is certainly appealing yet hisdescription of the site is somewhat simplistic and um.generic,

raising concerns about the reasoning behind hisinterpretation His theory is based on assumptions regardingthe social and economic organisation of the site But theverdict is still pending One conclusion that can be drawn isthat the very contrast between the two interpretations of thissettlement highlights how much historians are affected bycontemporary social historical and cultural influences whenmaking pre-historical reconstructions Any conclusionsresulting from any study of the early past are tentative, and sosubject to constant revision

I n t erviewer: Professor Pretz,thank you for being with ustoday

You will hear p art of an inter v ie with Penny and Simon, two

Internet business advisers For questions 23-28, decide

whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the

speakers, or whether the speakers agree Write P for Penny, S

for Simon, or B for Both, where they agree.

I n terviewer: Ever since the advent of the World Wide Web in

the early nineties, an increasing number of small businesses

have gone online in an effort to take advantage of the fact

that, via the Internet, they can have access to billions of

customers worldwide Some have even managed to become

'dot com millionaires', but for many the results have been

discouraging With me in the studio today are Penny Hampton

and Simon Sloane, who have spent the last six years advising

clients on how to successfully market their e-businesses

Penny, what, in your opinion, is the key to having a good

Internet business?

P en ny : Well, there are many factors that need to be taken into

consideration if you are planning to start a new online

business First of all, it's imperative to start with the product

or service you hope to sell It should be something that has

not flooded the market but if it has you should at least be

able to offer itin a better way than your competitors

Sim on : One also has to get oneself a good website It has to

be instantly appealing to catch a visitor's interest.That's why

flashy websites with too many graphics may be detrimental

Your potential customer is likely to give up and go somewhere

else unless you can get his attention in the first few seconds

and persuade him to stay

P enn y : Yes,but slow down Before you can begin even

thinking about a website, you have to get your business

strategy sorted out And perhaps the single most important

element in starting a web business is having a good name

For example if you want to sell ethnic clothes then see if you

can get hold of the name 'ethnic-clothes.com'

S imon: With so many million web sites out there you have to

make sure that your name tells the visitor not only who you

are but also what kind of goods or services you're selling and,

if at all possible,where to find you

P en n : Yes, but it's not just a case of having a catchy name

and a fantastic site A customer using a search engine to find

what he wants is going to use some keywords or phrases,If

your web pages are carelessly written, or cover a variety of

topics, those key words will be ineffective and it's highly

unlikely that your website will even appear within the first

hundred results that the search comes up with

Simon: Nevertheless, a good website is essential too And I

don't just mean the way it looks If it's attractive, user-friendly

and easy to navigate, with efficient customer service, most

visitors are going to enjoy surfing through it,

Pen ny : Yes, but why, in that case, do so many e-businesses

flop? Usually it's because they haven't identified their niche in

the market,targeted a particular type of customer or spentenough time optimising their websites for search engines It's

all very well designing a user-friendly site with fast-loadinggraphics and state-of-the-art software but what good is itgoing to do you if nobody can find it? Search engineoptimisation is the key to success and a website with good,

well written content has a much better chance of being foun

by potential customers than one that's visually appealing

Simon: Well, anyway, a final point I'd like to make is that youneed credibility on the web If you're seriously expectingpeople to hand over their credit card details just like that,you're going to have to persuade them you can be trusted.Most companies are much more likely to make a sale if theircustomer can order it directly - that's the beauty of thewhole

thing after all - but unfortunately online fraud is a real threa •

so offer a secure online payment method and getregistered

and approved by the appropriate recognised bodies

P enny: Basically, you've just got to do a lot of work Most

people think it's easy to set up their own online business, b

if you don't have vision, dedication, patience and time, you' c ounlikely to succeed

M a n : Perhaps it's obvious but, well, I would say that my

inspiration is nature, It seems that whenever I find my el c: ~

loss, bogged down in a mire, I need to take myself offforE

long, solitary walk in the country and lose myself comple r

in the beauty of the world around me.It helps to be remilic.s:.that there's another existence beyond the rat race, that h

world continues to spin round on her axis regardless.Yo see that in the shimmer of a dragonfly's wings as it dars

-you on the brook, or hear it in the rustling of the trees cthe breeze picks up Nature has her own music, an ab n =-~ -

of themes, and seems to offer up just the right image - E- ~

sometimes, if I'm lucky entire stanzas fall into place.A n

-you're quiet and close your eyes.and just listen fora

moment there's a definite rhythm every time nature dra ~' =breath and exhales There's alliteration there and metao-

Suddenly, I find I'm reaching for my notebook and p nideas just springing forth

Extract Two Correspondent: Being able to travel around the glo e i _

wonderful boon, but I'd much rather do it on my own teiThere's not much opportunity to take in the sights whe-you're sent - sometimes at the drop of a hat - halfway ~ :the world to war zones, or to where political conflicts 0-

natural disasters are making the headlines But the 0_"- day is ever the same, and there's no telling what kin "'-

-will arise out of events that are in the process ofwri in

PAPER 5 Speaking

Question 1:Two of the options

are often used in a military

context one option is often used

when taking about a school,

college or course; one is not

generally used to refer to a

process The correct option

means'the process of finding

new people to work in a

business or organisation'

Question 2: Look at the words

before and after the gap.The

gapped word is part of an

expression that means 'be very

likely to get something'

Question 4: The options are

somewhat formal words and

some of them are not used often

any more The meaning of the

correct word is'in that way'

Question 7: Which option is used

to refer to a single individual or

item that represents a group or

class?

Question 9: The options allhave

a similar meaning, but the

correct one can be used to

describe something that is hard

to catch or find The other

options describe things or

people that are hard to define,

describe, see or touch

Question 11:The options all

have a similar meaning, but only

onecollocates with 'on film'

Question 12: Three of the

options can be used to describe

a person who follows another

person or trespasses on private

property Only one option can be

used to refer to a hunting

1 A employment B recruitment C enrolment D conscription

3 A expendable B dispensable C priceless D invaluable

4 A henceforth B thereby C whereby D wherefore

5 A qualities B attributes C traits D characters

6 A biases B predispositions C partialities D suppositions

Scientists are excited by recent photographs of the world's largest invertebrate, thegiant squid Although (7) have previously been found in the stomachs of spermwhales or (8) up on shores, this is the first time that a live animal has beenphotographed in its natural environment A team of Japanese scientists managed tolocate the squid by tracking sperm whales, which are known to hunt these (9) animals, in the North Pacific They lowered cameras attached to a baited line to adepth of about 900 metres - so far below the surface that no light can (10) evenduring the day - and succeeded in attracting an eight-metre squid and (11) it onfilm In fact, the squid appeared to be attacking the baited line

For centuries this behemoth of the deep has been something of a mystery, withnothing at all known about its behaviour Now it seems that the giant squid may bemore of a (12) than was previously thought

7 A examples B samples C specimens D instances

9 A obscure B elusive C indefinite D intangible

11 A seizing B arresting C capturing D captivating

12 A marauder B prowler C predator D stalker

ti I Ii

Question 13:The correct option

is used to refer to a feeling that

something bad is going to occur

Question 15: Only oneof the

optionscan be used to describ

hair that is thin and mess The

options collocates with 'dust'

The otheroptions can beused to

in the space she had cleared amongst the junk that (14) the table

'Thanks for the experience: I said, 'but I think I'd better get on with my own lifenow.'

The old crone smiled knowingly as she removed the string and newspaper and

lfed the mirror up, presumably to ch ck itfor signs of damage I had the chance tosee my face in it on last time: the same (15) blond hair with wisps of grey, mydull, tired eyes and the (16) in my brow that the events of last year had scarred

13 A intuition B foreboding C premonition D prescience

14 A cluttered B disordered C jumbled D muddled

17 A distorted B gnarled C knotted D warped

18 A flakes B flecks C motes D mites

PAPER 2 writing

PAPER:3 Useof English

PAPER4 listening

PAPER 5 Speaking

Question 19: It may appear that

all of the options are correct, but

read the first two paragraphs

carefully You should be able to

eliminate one option straight

away Another option is true in

itself, but it does not really

answer the question A third

option may confuse you, but ask

yourself if the text actually says

this.

You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way withchildhood For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you thinkfits best according to the text

The Importance of Play '

I remember spending whole evenings playing outside with my friends,whatever the weather Sure, there was some perfunctory attention paid

to homework in the half hour or so of the day left before bedtime, but itwas generally just consolidation of what we'd studied in class

Since then scientific stUdies have shown that play is more than just aleisure activity for children Intelligence and aptitude tests havedemonstrated that not only is play fundamental to learning anddeveloping skills, it is also a means by which the brain can grow, facilitatingits own capacity to learn, create and think That is why it saddens me toread that yet another piece of research indicates that our children don'tplay nearly enough

Children's literacy scores are in decline, their verbal skills are atrocious andthey lack imagination and creativity Is it any coincidence that so many alsosuffer from obesity and poor health and find it harder to make friends? Weurge them to spend longer at their homework, but the sad truth is that bynot playing, their capacity for learning is grievously curtailed, no matterhow rigorous their academic drive With the current focus on schoolwork,children are missing out on a key part of their development - and a greatdeal of fun

19 According to the text, play is important because

A it consolidates what is learned in class

B it is a fun way of spending free time

C it ensures proper cerebral development

D it improves intellectual performance

20 Children who study but don't play

A are less able to assimilate what they are taught

B will only improve their aptitude at spelling

C suffer from a variety of eating disorders

D find it harder to develop socially

Ii 5

Question 21 : Und e r li ne w o r d s in

the text that refer to the place

the chi l dren are exploring The

t y pe of place may not be stated

e plicitly, but th e re is enough

i n format i on i n the te x t to enable

y ou to eliminate the i ncor r ect

o tions and choose the cor r e t

on e !

The Dare

been gone about five minutes by my reckoning, but I'd got muddled counting There was nothing for it but to go in after him I inched

half-squatting in the moon-cast shadows until I reached the doorstep With

bogeyman chasing me - a thumping sound in my ears that only years later did I realise was actually my pulse.

I opened my mouth to call Timmy's name, convinced now that they

had got him and whisked him off to wherever it was they spent the

to favour me with an answer.

21 The children seem to be explorin

A an enormous cave

B a tumbledown shack

C a derelict mansion

D a disused mineshaf

2 The writer thought that Timmy

A h d been caught by the authorities

B h d bee abducted by ghosts

C had been devoured by wild animals

D was hiding in the darkness