Bộ sách Scott Foresman reading street grade 5 advance gồm các quyển sau: 5.1.1 This Is the Way We Go to School 5.1.2 Forecasting the Weather (Earth Science) 5.1.3 Harvesting Medicine on the Hill 5.1.4 African American Athletes (Social Studies) 5.1.5 The Land of Opportunity (Social Studies) 5.2.1 When the Disaster Is Over (Social Studies) 5.2.2 A Safe Heaven (Social Studies) 5.2.3 Making Friends in Mali 5.2.4 Saving Endangered Species (Life Science) 5.2.5 The National Guard Modern Minutemen (Social Studies) 5.3.1 The Patent Process (Social Studies) 5.3.2 The Inspiration of Art (Social Studies) 5.3.3 Whats New with Dinosaur Fossils (Life Science) 5.3.4 Music Gets the Blues (Social Studies) 5.3.5 Hollywood Special Effects (Social Studies) 5.4.1 Cheaper, Faster, Better Recent Technological Innovations (Social Studies) 5.4.2 Feel, Think, Move (Life Science) 5.4.3 A Home for Humans in Outer Space Is It Possible? (Space and Technology) 5.4.4 Nathaniel Comes to Town 5.4.5 What Makes Great Athletes? (Social Studies) 5.5.1 The Sandwich Brigade 5.5.2 Inventions from Space Travel (Space and Technology) 5.5.3 Astronauts and Cosmonauts (Space and Technology) 5.5.4 The Shaping of the Continents (Earth Science) 5.5.5 Journey to Statehood (Social Studies) 5.6.1 Oceans of Resources (Social Studies) 5.6.2 MixedUp Vegetables (Life Science) 5.6.3 From Salt to Silk Precious Goods (Social Studies) 5.6.4 Flying into the 21st Century 5.6.5 Unexpected Music (Social Studies)
Trang 1Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™
Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided
in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.
ISBN 0-328-13567-4
Genre Comprehension
Skills and Strategy Text Features Expository
nonfi ction
• Graphic Sources
• Generalize
• Ask Questions
• Captions
• Heads
• Glossary
Scott Foresman Reading Street 5.5.2
Space and Technology
Space Travel
Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™
Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided
in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.
ISBN 0-328-13567-4
Genre Comprehension
Skills and Strategy Text Features Expository
nonfi ction
• Graphic Sources
• Generalize
• Ask Questions
• Captions
• Heads
• Glossary
Scott Foresman Reading Street 5.5.2
Space and Technology
Space Travel
Trang 2Reader Response
1 Explain what the map on page 6 shows Explain how
NASA technology affects our daily lives
2 Use a chart like the one below to write down
questions you could ask as you reread the section about space inventions used in sports
3 Choose five words from the glossary and write a
paragraph that shows that you know each word’s meaning
4 Of all the inventions and technology discussed in this
book, which one do you think is the most important?
Explain your answer
Vocabulary
absorb
friction
impacts
insulation
perilous
relics
shuttle
transmitter
Word count: 2,639
Note: The total word count includes words in the running text and headings only
Numerals and words in chapter titles, captions, labels, diagrams, charts, graphs,
sidebars, and extra features are not included.
Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois
Coppell, Texas • Ontario, California • Mesa, Arizona
by Peggy Bresnick Kendler and Phyllis A Corzine
Space Travel
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 1 12/7/05 3:49:45 PM
Trang 3Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for
photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to
correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman,
a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R),
Background (Bkgd)
Cover ©James L Amos/CORBIS; 1 ©Bettmann/CORBIS; 3 (Bkgd) ©Digital Art/CORBIS;
3 (TL) ©Tom Wagner/CORBIS SABA; 3 (TR) ©RICK FRIEDMAN/Corbis; 4 ©Bettmann/
CORBIS; 6 ©Bettmann/CORBIS; 7 ©Bettmann/CORBIS; 8 ©Gunter Marx Photography/
CORBIS; 9 ©Randy Faris/CORBIS; 10 ©James L Amos/CORBIS; 12 ©Richard T Nowitz/
CORBIS; 15 ©Lester Lefkowitz/CORBIS; 17 ©MENAHEM KAHANA/AFP/Getty Images;
19 ©NASA/Corbis; 20 (TL) ©RICK FRIEDMAN/Corbis; 20 (TR) ©Tom Wagner/CORBIS
SABA
ISBN: 0-328-13567-4
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc
All Rights Reserved Printed in China This publication is protected by Copyright,
and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited
reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information
regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East
Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0H3 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06
These inventions were developed from products first used by astronauts in space or used by the U.S Space Program in some way.
From the Stars to the Kitchen
Can you imagine using a portable phone or a smoke detector on the moon? It sounds crazy, but
we use many products that were made for the space program We use these products everywhere from our homes to hospitals, firehouses, and airports
Scientists from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) develop products
to help astronauts while they are in space These products help astronauts live in space, do their jobs better, and protect themselves from danger Many
of these products have made their way into general use How did that happen? Read on
3
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 3 12/7/05 3:49:53 PM
Trang 4The portable drill for use
in space led to the portable drill used on Earth.
Space Products at Home
and in the Skies
Take a good look around your home Can you tell
which things came from products first used in space?
You might be surprised at the things that were
invented for astronauts
Astronauts on lunar missions have had to drill as
many as ten feet down into the moon’s crust to get
samples of dirt and rock Since there is no source of
electricity on the Moon, a battery-powered cordless
drill was created for this job The drill had to be
powerful and lightweight
In the years following the moon missions, cordless
power tools have become common in homes
throughout the world Today we clean our carpets
with cordless vacuum cleaners, blow leaves and grass
cuttings using cordless blowers, and install screws
or drill holes in wood using cordless screwdrivers
and drills Many families use cordless toothbrushes,
shavers, and hair clippers
4
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 4 12/7/05 3:50:12 PM
5
In the 1970s, NASA teamed up with an electronics company, and together, they developed a
smoke-and-fire detector for the Skylab space station With
this invention, astronauts on the space station could
be alerted quickly to dangerous smoke and fire Now
it is a law in most states to have smoke detectors in every new home to help keep people safe
Fire and smoke detectors also are used in airplanes NASA scientists found that smoke detectors sometimes gave false alarms in the space station and in airplanes Fire and smoke detectors that were being used in airplanes were sometimes triggered
by dust in the cargo compartments False alarms caused airplane pilots to take unnecessary emergency measures, so scientists are at work to develop a
smoke detector that will avoid false alarms
Smoke and fire detectors make people safe at home and while they travel.
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 5 12/7/05 3:50:26 PM
Trang 5Television signals were sent by Telstar I between Europe and
the base station in Andover, Maine
WASHINGTON, D.C.
ANDOVER
ENGLAND
VIA TELSTAR
6
Do you enjoy watching sports programs such as
the Olympics? Do you watch the news to see what is
happening around the world? You can watch a live
sporting event from another country or watch news
from a foreign land live as it unfolds thanks to space
technology Fifty years ago, it was impossible to
watch live overseas television broadcasts
In the 1950s, NASA began working with American
Telephone and Telegraph to make satellite television
a reality On July 10, 1962, NASA launched a tiny
satellite called Telstar I from Cape Canaveral in
Florida Once Telstar was in orbit high above Earth, it
was able to receive and send television signals to its
base station on Earth
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 6 12/7/05 3:50:35 PM
Telstar I orbited Earth
every 2 hours and
37 minutes
7
Telstar’s first television broadcast was of a flag
outside its base station in Andover, Maine On July
23, 1962, Telstar relayed the first live transatlantic
television programming The programming was received in Europe and included American President John F Kennedy giving a press conference By
1964, more telecommunication satellites had been launched into orbit, and they were able to transmit the Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan, to televisions all over the world This was the first major sporting event shown live, worldwide
Now people in many nations enjoy satellite television that delivers hundreds of channels from around the world to their homes All over the United States, you can see small satellite dishes on the roofs of houses News vans and trucks carry satellite uplinks that transmit audio and video to their base stations and throughout the world Thanks to space technology,
we can find out what is happening in far parts of our planet—almost as soon as the events take place
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 7 12/7/05 3:50:37 PM
Trang 6NASA science helps keep people warm and dry at stadiums.
8
Space and Sports
Space technology has also brought innovation
to the world of sports New materials help athletes
perform better, stay safer, and recover from injuries
more quickly
For example, NASA created a safety material used
in bicycle helmets The material, called temper foam,
was developed for use in the seats of aircraft to absorb
sudden impacts without shock or bounce Helmets
fitted with temper foam have saved many lives
Believe it or not, astronauts’ spacesuits have
something in common with the roofs of some sports
stadiums They are both made of the same space-age
material This fabric contains a fiber made of glass
and covered with Teflon, a strong, slick coating This
type of roofing material is strong but lightweight,
and it allows natural light to filter into the stadium
during daylight hours The roof of a stadium in
Vancouver, British Columbia, is covered with ten
acres of this moon-suit material!
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 8 12/7/05 3:50:40 PM
9
Spacesuits were developed to protect astronauts from the extreme temperatures they would
encounter during space walks and during their explorations on the moon The technology employed
to design astronauts’ spacesuits also helped scientists develop products to treat athletes’ injuries When athletes are injured, one common treatment is to wrap the injury with tight bandages and apply cold packs to it However, using too much ice for too long can make the injury worse
Using the same type of temperature and pressure control devices used in space suits, scientists have developed special wraps that fit around body parts, such as the knee, back, shoulder, and wrist These wraps use batteries to compress, or squeeze, the injured part of the body The wraps also apply cold
at just the right temperature for the right length of time Professional athletic trainers report that these wraps help athletes recover in half the time
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 9 12/7/05 3:50:42 PM
Trang 7The same space technology used to treat injuries
was used to develop a vest that cools down the entire
body Athletes who play during extreme summer heat
sometimes suffer from heat exhaustion or heat stroke
The vest, which includes a hood, looks like an ordinary
piece of clothing However, when it is attached to a
cooling unit, the vest quickly and safely lowers the
body temperature of its overheated wearer
The fusion of space technology with sports
technology involves more than safety, however
Space technology is helping athletes improve their
performance as well In Olympic swim competition,
for example, a fraction of a second can mean the
difference between first and second place NASA
scientists have developed riblets—small, barely
visible grooves on aircraft wings that decrease
friction When applied to fabric used in competition
swimsuits, these riblets reduced friction, allowing
swimmers to move more swiftly through the water—
ten to fifteen percent more swiftly
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 10
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 10 12/7/05 3:50:56 PM
11
Not only swim suits but also swimming pools have been improved by space technology Astronauts needed a way to filter and purify their water in space NASA scientists developed a method of destroying and filtering out bacteria without using chemicals That technology is now used in swimming pools as well as in space The new system reduces the need for chlorine in pools Swimmers no longer need
to suffer from burning eyes and bleached or dry skin and hair caused by chlorine
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 11 13567_001-024_FSD.indd 11 12/7/05 3:51:01 PM
Trang 8Astronauts need a suit that will protect them
in space Firefighters now use similar suits to protect them from fire.
12
The Firehouse and
Space Technology
Astronauts and firefighters have a lot in common
Both need to protect themselves from perilous
conditions Both need to count on technology to
help them breathe when the air is not safe or when
there is no air to breathe at all
A better breathing system for firefighters is the
result of important technology developed by NASA
This breathing system for firefighters is based on
the systems astronauts use on the moon It has a
facemask, a frame and harness, a warning device,
and an air bottle The system weighs less than twenty
pounds, which is much lighter than the older systems
firefighters used The lighter the unit, the easier it is
for a firefighter to move quickly and to best advantage
to help fight a fire This system is also able to warn
firefighters when their air supply is getting low
The space shuttle has two rocket boosters that
separate from the rest of the shuttle using small
explosive charges Firefighters and rescue workers
also use rescue tools that are powered this way to
cut through metal at a crash or disaster site This
way, they can help free people who are trapped in
a car or other vehicle These tools take only thirty
seconds to set up, and they are lightweight
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 12
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 12 12/7/05 3:51:07 PM
Space Technology—
Keeping People Safe
Imagine what might happen if an elderly person were injured at home and could not reach
a telephone Space technology can help in such
an emergency Using a communication system created for use in space, scientists developed a small
transmitter about the size of a writing pen This
device sends a silent signal to a receiver that shows the exact location of the emergency The transmitter
is small enough to carry easily The device can be used not only by elderly people, but also by teachers, prison guards, and disabled people
Thunderstorms can be dangerous to people out in the open Space technology is the basis for
a personal storm warning system This lightning detector gives a thirty-minute warning to people who may be in danger People on golf courses, people in boats, and pilots of small private airplanes who use this warning system can take steps to reach safety before lightning becomes a danger
13
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 13 13567_001-024_FSD.indd 13 12/7/05 3:51:19 PM
Trang 9Flying High with Space Products
in the Air
Millions of people travel on airplanes every
year The safety of passengers is very important to
travelers and airport personnel
Wind shear, or the sudden change in wind speed
or direction, is dangerous to a plane, especially
during takeoff and landing The Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) and NASA worked together
to find a way to predict wind shear They wanted to
provide airplane pilots with a warning system that
would help them protect their aircrafts
The solution they developed was a system that
uses microwave radar technology The plane beams
a radio wave ahead of itself that detects rain and
winds A computer uses the data that bounces back
to the plane to detect wind shear If such conditions
exist, the pilot can fly around the problem area,
rather than through it
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 14
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 14 12/7/05 3:51:29 PM
All aircraft electronic systems are protected from lightning thanks to NASA researchers
15
Meteorologists also use radar technology to predict storms Weather radar helps the weather service determine where and when to issue severe weather warnings
With so many people flying for business and pleasure, it is no surprise that our skies are crowded with airplanes, especially near airports The FAA helped develop the Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System This system warns pilots when they come too close to another plane NASA helped test the system, and today all airlines use it
Reducing fuel use and preventing environmental pollution is also a concern for airlines A number of technological developments made by NASA help aircraft engines reduce the amount of fuel they use
by as much as ten percent This technology also helps engines run quieter and burn cleaner, reducing noise and air pollution
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 15 13567_001-024_FSD.indd 15 12/7/05 3:51:35 PM
Trang 10Space Technology and Medicine
Technology initially developed by NASA scientists
has also helped medical doctors with their work
For example, the space shuttle’s outer fuel tank
is covered with a foam padding, or insulation It
protects the tank from heat and is lightweight and
strong Doctors have found another use for this
insulation They use the foam material to make
molds to fit artificial arms and legs
Thanks to NASA, we have thermometers that will
take a person’s temperature in just two seconds
NASA used this same technology to measure the
temperatures of stars and planets far from Earth
NASA also developed a tiny device to measure
astronaut’s blood pressure and temperature on the
International Space Station This device is now being
studied for use in checking the health of unborn babies
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 16
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 16 12/7/05 3:51:38 PM
NASA developed digital image processing to allow computerized moon pictures Today, this same technology is used by doctors and hospitals to show images of organs
in the human body.
17
Many people today have decided they don’t want
to wear eyeglasses or contact lenses anymore They can now have laser surgery to correct their vision
During this type of surgery, the laser beam must
be placed precisely on the patient’s eye However, the human eye makes small movements about one hundred times a second To keep the laser beam trained directly on the eye, doctors use a tracking device developed with NASA This device measures eye movements up to 4,000 times a second and keeps the laser trained on the patient’s eye
NASA technology has also developed a way of detecting eye problems in very young children This screening device is able to make an accurate image
of a child’s eye so that vision problems can be found and corrected early in life
13567_001-024_FSD.indd 17 13567_001-024_FSD.indd 17 12/7/05 3:51:46 PM