Bộ sách Scott foresman social Studies gồm các quyển sau: 5.1 Learning About the First Americans 5.2 His Name Was Amerigo 5.3 New World, New Neighbors 5.4 Choosing Freedom 5.5 The War for Independence 5.6 The People Who Gave Us the US Constitution 5.7 Heading West 5.8 The Growing United States 5.9 Women of the Civil War 5.10 Hard Times 5.11 The War at Home 5.12 3, 2, 1, Blastoff 5.13 The Heroes of 911 5.14 Growing and Changing Cities 5.15 Visiting States and Capitals
Trang 1Scott Foresman Social Studies
Nonfi ction Draw Conclusions • Sidebar
• Captions
• Table of Contents
ISBN 0-328-14912-8
ì<(sk$m)=bejbce< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
THE
Fascinating Facts
• During World War II, families saved meat fats from
cooking and took them to butcher shops The fat
was used to make glycerin, which was important in
making explosives for the Allies
• American factories produced more than 250,000
aircraft during World War II
• Alarm clocks were in short supply during the war,
until factory workers kept showing up late After
that, “victory models” were manufactured that used
very little metal
Scott Foresman Social Studies
Nonfi ction Draw Conclusions • Sidebar
• Captions
• Table of Contents
ISBN 0-328-14912-8
ì<(sk$m)=bejbce< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
THE
Fascinating Facts
• During World War II, families saved meat fats from
cooking and took them to butcher shops The fat
was used to make glycerin, which was important in
making explosives for the Allies
• American factories produced more than 250,000
aircraft during World War II
• Alarm clocks were in short supply during the war,
until factory workers kept showing up late After
that, “victory models” were manufactured that used
very little metal
Trang 2Millions of Americans served in the military in
World War II, and they helped the Allies win the
war United States citizens on the home front
helped too In this book you will read about
people’s lives on the home front during the war
ISBN: 0-328-14912-8
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc
All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America This publication is protected
by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited
reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding
permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,
Glenview, Illinois 60025.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Write to It!
Life changed for nearly everyone on the home front during World War II Suppose you lived during the war Which changes do you think you would like most? Which would you like least? Write two or three paragraphs explaining your answers
Write your ideas on a separate sheet of paper.
Photographs
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Getty Images
3 ©United States Air Force
5 ©The Granger Collection, NY
6 ©Getty Images
8 ©Corbis
9 ©Getty Images
10 ©Seattle Post-Intelligencer Collection; Museum of History & Industry/Corbis
11 ©Corbis
12 ©Corbis
14 ©Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis
15 ©Getty Images
Vocabulary
blackout internment rationing
Table of Contents
The Home Front page 2
Civilian Defense Volunteers page 4
Changes in Business page 5
Boomtowns page 6
Working Women page 8
The Internment Camps page 10
Home-Front Life page 13
Children Do Their Part page 14
Helping to Win the War page 15
Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona
THE
WAR AT HOME
Trang 3The Home Front
World War II was a conflict between the Allies and the Axis
powers In the United States a lot of attention was given to the
troops who were fighting the war However, the United States
could not have helped the Allies win the war without the hard
work of the government, businesses, and millions of everyday
people on the home front
Women in the Military
After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December
7, 1941, the military needed millions of people to send into
battle Many Americans volunteered Others had to serve
because of the draft All of these people, however, were men
Women were not allowed to serve on the battlefield and were
not drafted
The military had a problem, though Because a large number
of men were sent to fight overseas, many important military
positions on the home front were empty The military created
units in which women could sign up to fill the empty positions
Women signed up to work for every branch of the military
Women in the army and navy nurse corps traveled all over the
world to nurse wounded soldiers and sailors Women pilots
who joined the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) flew
all types of planes, including fighters and bombers Women in the Coast Guard Women’s Reserve (known as SPARS) set up parachutes and coded and decoded messages sent to ships
By the end of the war, more than 244,000 women had served
in the military
Women pilots in the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) flew all kinds
of planes during the war.
Trang 4Civilian Defense Volunteers
A new agency called the Office of Civilian Defense (OCD)
encouraged civilians, or people not serving in the military, to
volunteer Volunteers called wardens conducted alarm drills
and made sure that people observed blackouts A blackout
is when lights are turned off to hide targets from the enemy
during an air raid at night
Many civilian pilots volunteered for the Civil Air Patrol
(CAP) They flew members of the military, blood supplies, and
mail from place to place in their own planes
5
Changes in Business
Troops fighting the war needed an enormous amount of equipment and supplies All across the country, factories made changes to produce these goods Automobile factories made military vehicles, airplanes, and weapons instead of cars Some aircraft parts were built by a washing machine company A maker of typewriters made rifles during the war
These business changes created millions of new jobs that paid well People everywhere—over fifteen million altogether—moved to new places to fill these jobs The United States had never experienced so many people moving at once A severe housing shortage developed in many cities as newcomers arrived
Aircraft and other war materials were built on assembly lines, just
as cars had been during peacetime.
Trang 5Boomtowns
The population rose quickly in towns where shipyards,
factories, and military bases were located For this reason,
they were called boomtowns Housing in boomtowns was in
short supply People took in boarders, which meant that they
rented spare rooms in their homes to strangers Some people
set up trailers or tents, and some even slept in parked cars
Overcrowded boardinghouses were common in boomtowns.
7
The community of Willow Run, Michigan, grew rapidly when a new aircraft factory opened there Eventually this factory would employ more than forty thousand people To house its giant assembly line, the factory at Willow Run was one mile long! Another aircraft factory at Fort Worth, Texas, was so large that supervisors rode bicycles inside the building in order to visit different parts of the factory.
Trang 6Working Women
Before the war, most women stayed home to care for their
families When millions of men left their jobs to serve overseas
in the military, many jobs were vacant The government
needed women to work for the war effort
More than six million women went to work for their country
They were inspired by billboards and posters featuring images
such as Rosie the Riveter They were eager to help the war
effort, and they worked hard in their new jobs
This poster of Rosie the Riveter, and others like it, urged women to go to work for the war effort.
By 1944, women were 36 percent of the paid workforce
They helped the Allies win the war Yet women were paid
40 percent less than men for working in the same jobs In addition, most women lost their jobs when men came home at the end of the war
Many women joined the workforce, as in this weapons factory
Trang 7The Internment Camps
Americans pulled together to win the war For many people,
however, pulling together meant treating other Americans
differently After Japan bombed the United States naval base
at Pearl Harbor, many people felt that Japanese Americans
could not be trusted They were afraid that some Japanese
Americans might work as spies and give important information
to the Japanese government The United States government
shared this fear In February 1942, President Franklin
Roosevelt signed an order which allowed United States Army
commanders to order the removal of Japanese Americans from
the West Coast of the United States
Japanese American families wait for a bus to take them to an
internment camp.
Shortly afterwards, about 120,000 Japanese Americans had to leave their homes and businesses They were taken
to internment camps built especially as housing units for
Japanese Americans The crowded camps were surrounded by barbed wire and guarded by soldiers
Despite the harsh way they were treated, Japanese Americans were very patriotic Many Japanese American men served in the United States Army during the war The government released Japanese Americans over time and then began to close the camps in early 1945
Japanese Americans lived in assembly centers while the internment camps were being built.
Trang 8Home-Front Life
Every day Americans were reminded of the war by
shortages and rationing Metal was used to build military
equipment and weapons, so bicycles were not produced
Automobile factories were involved in war production, so new cars were not available
Sugar, coffee, butter, cheese, and meat were rationed so that everyone got some but no one got too much Every family used ration stamps to buy certain products
To help feed their families, many people planted victory gardens These gardens produced more than one-third of the vegetables eaten in the United States
Gasoline was also rationed, so Americans started using different kinds of transportation Walking and carpooling became common For longer trips, people took trains
Frequently, though, families simply stayed at home
People also wrote letters often, especially if a family member was in the military Families hung a banner in the window with blue stars to show how many family members were fighting in the war If one of them died, the blue star would be replaced with a gold one
The banner shows how many family members are serving in the military
Trang 9Children Do Their Part
Children joined the war effort too Many of them organized
scrap drives They collected paper, metal cans, and rubber
tires from people in their neighborhoods They also donated
their own metal toys and foil that they had saved from
packages of gum These items were recycled
and used to make goods for the war
A great number of teenagers worked in factories and on
farms, just as adults did Nearly three million girls and boys
were working by 1943
Teenagers’ lives changed dramatically when many of them went
to work in factories during the war.
Helping to Win the War
Millions of Americans worked hard on the home front
in World War II Daily life for nearly everyone changed
However, people found comfort in the thought that they were helping men and women in the military They thought their efforts were helping to win the war, and that was what mattered most
Children often organized drives to recycle scrap rubber and metal.
Trang 10Glossary
blackout turning out lights to hide targets from
an enemy during an air raid at night or from submarines offshore
internment holding and limiting the movement of
people during wartime
rationing government limiting the amount of food
and other goods each person can buy
Millions of Americans served in the military in
World War II, and they helped the Allies win the
war United States citizens on the home front
helped too In this book you will read about
people’s lives on the home front during the war
ISBN: 0-328-14912-8
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc
All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America This publication is protected
by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited
reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding
permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,
Glenview, Illinois 60025.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Write to It!
Life changed for nearly everyone on the home front during World War II Suppose you lived during the war Which changes do you think you would like most? Which would you like least? Write two or three paragraphs explaining your answers
Write your ideas on a separate sheet of paper.
Photographs
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Getty Images
3 ©United States Air Force
5 ©The Granger Collection, NY
6 ©Getty Images
8 ©Corbis
9 ©Getty Images
10 ©Seattle Post-Intelligencer Collection; Museum of History & Industry/Corbis
11 ©Corbis
12 ©Corbis
14 ©Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis
15 ©Getty Images
Vocabulary
blackout internment rationing
Table of Contents
The Home Front page 2
Civilian Defense Volunteers page 4
Changes in Business page 5
Boomtowns page 6
Working Women page 8
The Internment Camps page 10
Home-Front Life page 13
Children Do Their Part page 14
Helping to Win the War page 15