Applying career development theory to counseling, 6e chapter 11 and 12

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NARRATIVE CAREER COUNSELING

CLIENT AS STORYTELLER

Client: Agent (author) (protagonist)

Client’s environment: Setting

Client’s experiences: Action

Client’s abilities, friends,

family or employers: Instruments

Client’s changing mind

about career paths: Wavering

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THE CLIENT’S STORY

The problem Description of obstacles Counselor and

and instruments used client work

to reach a goal together to reach

client’s goal

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GOALS OF ASSESSMENT IN NARRATIVE COUNSELING

Identify a pattern of the individual’s life

Form a sense of the client’s identity by

listening to the client’s story

Find out about the client’s goals for the future

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LIFE DESIGNING Savickas’s (2011b) constructivist approach to career

counseling has four phases that help the counselor construct the individual’s story:

1 Construction – Use small stories (micronarratives) to help clients organize their views of themselves

2 Deconstruct – The counselor listens to the problems within micronarratives including personal limitations and cultural barriers

3 Reconstruct – The microstory is reconstructed so that positive outcomes build on client strengths and values

4 Co-construction – A new narrative emerges- a macronarrative, a positive perspective on career choice, with options and plans

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GOAL OF ASSESSMENT FOR CAREER COUNSELING:

IDENTITY

Object – The client is active in the story For the counselor, the

client is the object of the story.

Subject – The client’s views of him-/herself are the subjects of

the story.

Project - The counselor facilitates the process of telling the

story and fitting it to the client’s identity.

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COCHRAN’S NARRATIVE CAREER COUNSELING EPISODES

Making Meaning out of the Career Narrative

1 Elaborating a career problem

2 Composing a life history

3 Founding a future narrative

A Focus on Being Active

4 Constructing a reality

5 Changing a life structure

6 Enacting a role Ending

7 Crystallizing a decision

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DIMENSIONS OF CAREER ADAPTABILITY

Concern – Planning and preparing for the future Control – Taking control over one’s issues

Curiosity – Questioning one’s choices Confidence – Being able to explore possibilities

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DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF CAREER ADAPTABILITY

Growth Exploration Establishment Management (Maintenance in Super’s theory) Disengagement

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LIFE THEMES

Based on Adlerian Theory Lifestyle

Early recollections Five major life tasks reflect social interest

Self-development Spiritual development Occupation

Society Love

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CAREER STYLE INTERVIEW

Three role models

Magazines

Favorite television show

Hobbies

Favorite sayings

What were your favorite subjects in school

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CAREER COUNSELING USING THE CAREER CONSTRUCTION THEORY

Reviewing counseling goals

Attending to verbs

Moving from preoccupation to occupation

Role models as a suggestion for a plan

Profiling adaptability

Appraising vocational personality

Crafting a success formula

The life portrait

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Chapter 12

ROE’S THREE TYPES OF PARENTAL ATTITUDES AND TYPES OF PARENTING Concentration of the child

Overprotective parent Overdemanding parent

Avoidance of the child

Emotionally rejecting parent Neglectful parent

Acceptance of the child

Casually accepting parent Lovingly accepting parent

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PATTERNS OF ATTACHMENT

Secure – Child reacts well to caregiver and other people

Anxious-Ambivalent – Child is anxious due to inconsistent parental behavior, child is uncertain about self and has limited exploration

Avoidant – Child ignores or rejects care, develops a sense of being alone and a lack of trust

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ATTACHMENT THEORY AND CAREER

DEVELOPMENT

Do secure patterns of attachment promote career

exploration?

Do secure patterns of attachment promote a strong sense

of vocational identity?

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PATTERN IDENTIFICATION EXERCISES

Purpose: To identify strengths and weaknesses

Discuss a leisure activity that went well

Discuss a time the leisure activity did not go well

Students: Assess their strengths and weaknesses

Look for patterns of strengths and weaknesses

Look for how patterns can affect career choices

Parents: Comment on the student’s observations

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PARENT INVOLVED CAREER EXPLORATION COUNSELING

1 Introduce process to student and parents.

2 Use Pattern Identification Exercises to identify strengths and

weaknesses.

3 Discuss student’s preferred activities and courses as well as

performance.

4 Discuss labor market and how to make a career choice.

5 Next steps: Counselor discusses community resources and makes suggestions as to what to do next.

Parents comment throughout all steps

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FAMILY SYSTEMS THERAPY: IMPLICATIONS

FOR CAREER DEVELOPMENT Disengaged family – Family responsibilities controlled by one parent

Enmeshed family – Family responsibilities are unclear Genograms

Occupations of family members Relationship of occupations of others to career choices of client

Occupational Transmission Genogram- questions about careers, gender, and race

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BLUSTEIN’S SEVEN PROPOSITIONS

1 Thoughts and feelings about relationships influence thoughts and feelings about work (destructive or constructive).

2 Thoughts and feelings about relationships influence how they deal with issues at work and plans for work.

3 Work and relationships occur in the workplace and in caregiving

situations.

4 Decision making and actions at work can be affected by

relationships with others.

5 The content of the decisions made at work are affected by

relationships with others These and individual and cultural

experiences affect occupational interests and values.

6 Through relationships with others individuals find meaning in work Cultural background is an influence also

7 Culture can provide a sense of security and a feeling of

belonging in relationships that aids work transitions

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