Thuận lợi và bất lợi của du lịch

Railroads hire managers, passenger service representatives, traffic analysts, marketing managers, sales representatives, reservations clerks, information specialists, conductors,engineer

Thuận lợi (benefi ts of tourism)

 Provides employment opportunities, both skilled and unskilled, because it is a

 labor-intensive industry

 Generates a supply of needed foreign exchange

 Increases incomes

 Creates increased gross national product

 Can be built on existing infrastructure

 Develops an infrastructure that will also help stimulate local commerce and industry

 Can be developed with local products and resources

 Helps to diversify the economy

 Tends to be one of the most compatible economic development activities available

 to an area, complementing other economic activities

 Spreads development

 Has a high multiplier impact

 Increases governmental revenues

 Broadens educational and cultural horizons and improves feelings of self-worth

 Improves the quality of life related to a higher level of income and improved standards of living

 Reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition

 Justifies environmental protection and improvement

 Provides employment for artists, musicians, and other performing artists because of visitor interest in local culture, thereby enhancing the cultural heritage

 Provides tourist and recreational facilities that may be used by a local population

 Breaks down language barriers, sociocultural barriers, class barriers, racial barriers, political barriers, and religious barriers

 Creates a favorable worldwide image for a destination

 Promotes a global community

 Promotes international understanding and peace

Bất lợi (negative aspects of tourism)

 Develops excess demand for resources

 Creates the diffi culties of seasonality

 Causes infl ation

 Can result in unbalanced economic development

 Creates social problems

 Degrades the natural physical environment and creates pollution

 Degrades the cultural environment

 Increases the incidence of crime, prostitution, and gambling

 Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes

 Threatens family structure

 Commercializes culture, religion, and the arts

 Creates misunderstanding

 Creates confl icts in the host society

 Contributes to disease, economic fl uctuation, and transportation problems

Passenger rail service in the United States is dominated by Amtrak and in Canada by

Via Rail In Europe, Japan, and elsewhere, rail passenger transportation is much more

developed and widespread, offering greater opportunities than in North America

Railroads hire managers, passenger service representatives, traffic analysts, marketing managers, sales representatives, reservations clerks, information specialists, conductors,engineers, coach and lounge car attendants, and station agents

Rental Car Companies

sector of tourism employs reservation agents, rental sales agents, clerks of various

kinds, service agents, mechanics, and district and regional managers

Hotels, Motels, and Resorts

regional manager, general manager, resident manager, comptroller, accountants,

management trainees, director of sales, director of convention sales, director of personnel,director

of research, mail clerks, room clerks, reservation clerks, front - offi ce manager,housekeepers, superintendent of service, bellhops, lobby porters, doormen, maids, chefs,cooks, kitchen helpers, storeroom employees, dishwashers, waiters, bartenders, apprenticewaiters, heating and air -conditioning personnel, maintenance workers, engineers,electricians, plumbers, carpenters, painters, and laundry workers

Global Distributions Systems and Online Companies

principal IT strategist, senior software design engineer, network engineer, IT voice

network engineer, director of software development, senior software design engineer,

database developer, senior manager of strategy and marketing, market manager, sales manager, director of customer care, customer service quality director, customer service representative, marketing analyst, account manager, global recruiter, art director, fraudanalyst, fi nancial analyst, customer analyst, merchandising analyst, lodging operations manager, product manager, corporate counsel, and call center representative

Travel Agencies

branch manager,commercial account specialists, domestic travel counselors, international travel counselors, research directors, and advertising managers Trainee group sales consultants,

accountants, fi le clerks, sales personnel, tour planners, tour guides, reservationists, group

coordinators, trainees, operations employees, administrative assistants, advertising specialists, and computer specialists are other possibilities

Tour Companies

Tour manager or escort, tour coordinator, tour planner, publicist, reservations specialist, accountant, sales representative, group tour specialist, incentive tour coordinator, costing specialist, hotel coordinator, offi ce supervisor, and managerial positions

Food Service

Headwaiters, captains, waiters and waitresses, bus persons, chefs, cooks, bartenders, restaurant managers, assistant managers, personnel directors, dieticians, menu planners, cashiers, food service supervisors, purchasing agents, butchers, beverage workers, hostesses, kitchen helpers, and dishwashers

Tourism Education

Administrators, teachers,

Professors, researchers, and support staff

Tourism Research

The tourism researcher plans market studies, consumer surveys,

and the implementation of research projects Research jobs are available in national

tourism offi ces, state/provincial travel offi ces, and private firms

Travel Communications

A number of opportunities are available in travel writing for editors, staff writers, and

freelance writers Most major travel fi rms need public relations people who write

and edit, disseminate information, develop communication vehicles, obtain publicity,

arrange special events, do public speaking, plan public relations campaigns, and

so on A travel photographer could fi nd employment in either public relations or

travel writing Television is a medium with increasing opportunities The Internet has

become a major communication medium for the travel industry and provides job

opportunities

Recreation and Leisure

Jobs in recreation and leisure are enormous Some examples are activity director,

aquatics specialist, ski instructor, park ranger, naturalist, museum guide, handicapped program planner, forester, camping director, concert promoter, lifeguards, tennis and

golf instructors, coaches for various athletic teams, and drama directors Many recreation workers teach handicrafts Resorts, parks, and recreation departments often employ recreation directors who hire specialists to work with senior citizens or youth groups, to serve as camp counselors, or

to teach such skills as boating and sailing Management, supervisory, and administrative positions are also available

Attractions

Attractions such as amusement parks and theme parks are a major source of tourism

employment Large organizations such as Disney World, Disneyland, Six Flags, Europa - Park, Tivoli Gardens, and Sea World provide job opportunities ranging from top management jobs to clerical and maintenance jobs

Festivals and Events

Festivals and events are one of the fastest - growing segments of the tourism industry

Event management is emerging as a fi eld, is becoming more professional, and is providing a new source of job opportunities Events are creating offi ces and moving them to year - round

operation The International Special Events Society (ISES) has a career center Visit

http://www.careers.ises.com

Sports Tourism

Sports are popular throughout the world, with many sports teams and enterprises

becoming big businesses and offering job opportunities in the management and marketing areas

Tourist Offices and Information Centers

Numerous jobs are available in tourist offi ces and information centers Many chambers of commerce function as information centers and hire employees to provide this information Many states operate welcome centers Job titles found in state tourism

offi ces are director, assistant director, deputy director, travel representative, economic

development specialist, assistant director for travel promotion, statistical analyst,

public information offi cer, assistant director for public relations, marketing coordinator,

communications specialist, travel editor, media liaison, media specialist, photographer,

administrative assistant, information specialist, media coordinator, manager of travel literature, writer, chief of news and information, marketing coordinator, market analyst, research analyst, economist, reference coordinator, secretary, package tour coordinator,and information clerk

Convention and Visitors Bureaus and Destination

Management Organizations

As more and more cities enter the convention and visitor industry, employment

opportunities in this segment grow Many cities are devoting public funds to build convention centers to compete in this growing market Convention and visitors bureaus

require CEOs, managers, assistant managers, research directors, information specialists,

marketing managers, public relations staff, sales personnel, secretaries, and clerks

Meeting Planners

A growing profession is meeting planning Many associations and corporations are

hiring people whose job responsibilities are to arrange, plan, and conduct meetings

Gaming

One of the fastest - growing sectors is gaming Today, one is hard - pressed to fi nd a state where gambling is not allowed or a gaming proposal is not in front of the state legislature From

riverboats to Indian reservations to land - based casinos, new destinations are being created Casinos provide job opportunities ranging from managers to marketers to mechanics to clerical and maintenance jobs

Other Opportunities

A fairly comprehensive list of career opportunities has been presented Others that

do not fi t the general categories listed are club management, entertainment management,

corporate travel departments, hotel representative companies, in - flight and trade magazines, and trade and professional associations