Phong trao each mang 1930-1931 va X6 viet Nghe-TInh Phong trao X6 viet Nghe-TTnh la phong trao each mang cua quan chung cong nong hai tinh Nghe An va Ha Tinh thdi ky 1930-1931, do Dang C
Trang 7" L A N G D O " T R O N G P H O N G T R A O X O V I E T N G H E - T I N H
V A V I E C L U U GIUT C A C D l T f C H " L A N G D O " Of N G H E - T I N H
NG6 DANG TRI*
1 CAC "LANG DO" TRONG PHONG
TRAO XO VIET NGHE-TINH
1.1 Phong trao each mang
1930-1931 va X6 viet Nghe-TInh
Phong trao X6 viet Nghe-TTnh la phong
trao each mang cua quan chung cong nong
hai tinh Nghe An va Ha Tinh thdi ky
1930-1931, do Dang Cong san lanh dao, pha tan
chinh quyen de quoc, phong kien d cd sd,
thUc hien quyen tu quan cua nhan dan,
thong qua to chac nong hoi (thon bo nong,
xa bo nong), quan ly dia phudng theo kieu
chinh quyen X6 viet (hoi dong) o nildc Nga
Nhung lang co chinh quyen X6 viet nhU
vay diicfc goi la "lang do" hay lang X6 viet
Nghe-TInh
Su xuat hien cua phong trao each mang
1930-1931 va X6 viet Nghe - Tinh co cac
nguyen nhan sau xa va nguyen nhan true
tiep
Trong qua trinh di tim difdng cUii nUdc,
cUu dan, thuc chat la di tim mot rao hinh
nha nude, mot the che chinh tri-kinh te kha
dl thuc hien dUdc nguyen vong ciia nhan
dan Viet Nam la doc lap, tu do, hanh phuc,
sau nhieu hia chon, cuoi cung Ho Chi Minh
da quyet dinh lay mo hinh X6 viet d nUdc Nga, do VI.Lenin thiet l&p, lam mau mUc
TU sU hia chon do, Ho Chi Minh da gia nh&p Dang Cong san Phap, truyen ba Chii nghia Mac-Lenin vao Viet Nam, lam xua't hien phong trao dan toe dan chu theo khuynh hudng each mang vo san, d&n tdi sii ra ddi cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam dau nam 1930
Nhu vay, nguyen nhan sau xa ciia cao trao each mang 1930-1931 la stf hia chon con dUdng each mang vo san cua Ho Chi Minh va su" chi dao cua Quoc te Cong san Nguyen nhan true tiep la dUdng loi va phUdng phap dau tranh ciia Dang Cong
san Viet Nam va sii c&m thu de quoc khi
cuoc khdi nghia Yen Bai (2-1930) bi tan sat
da man va tac dong tieu cUc ciia cuoc khung hoang kinh te tu ban chii nghia the gidi cung chinh sach boc lot ciia thiic dan Phap, phong kien, lam cho ddi song nhan dan Viet Nam cue kho, Nguyen cd true tiep la do Dang Cong san chu trUdng to chUc cac cuoc mit tinh, bieu tinh ky niem ngay Quoc te Lao dong 1-5-1930 rong khap
* PGS.TS Khoa Lich sit,r Udng DHKHXH&NV-DHQGHN
Trang 84 ftghien cuu Lich sU so 2.2011
de doi quyen dan sinh, dan chu cho nhan
dan, nhiing cac cuoc mit tinh do bi thUc
dan Phap dung vu liic ngan can, khung bo',
dan tdi "tdc midc, vd bd"
Phong trao mang tinh toan quo'c ro net
bat ddu tu: ngay ky niem Quoc te Lao dong
1-5-1930 vdi sU xuat hien cac cupc mit tinh,
tuan hanh bieu diidng liic ludng, sii xuat
hien cd do bua liem, rai truyen ddn, dien
thuyet nhieu ndi, ca thanh thi va nong
thon, trong cong nhan va nong dan, khap
Bac, Trung, Nam Ky Khau hieu dau tranh
khdng chi ddi dan sinh, dan chu cho cong
nong Viet Nam nhu ddi tang liidng, bdt gid
lam, giam sUu thue, thi hanh luat lao dong,
chdng khung bo' chinh tri ma cdn mang
tinh qudc te, irng ho Lien bang Xd viet,
phan dd'i chien tranh de qudc Rieng thang
5-1930 cd tdi 16 cuoc dau tranh cua cdng
nhan, 34 cuoc cua ndng dan, 4 cuoc cua hoc
sinh va dan ngheo thanh thi TH thang 6
den thang 8-1930 ca nude cd 121 cuoc dau
tranh, trong dd cd 22 cuoc cua cdng nhan,
95 cuoc cua ndng dan, manh me nhat la
vung Nghe - Tinh
Sii xuat hien cua cao trao Xd viet
Nghe-Tinh, ngoai nhung nguyen nhan chung cdn
cd mot sd' yeu to' dia - nhan rieng Dd la do
Nghe-TTnh cd khu cdng nghiep Vinh - Ben
Thuy vdi sd' liidng cong nhan ddng, phong
trao cong nhan phat trien manh Cac tinh
nay la que hudng cua Phan Boi Chau, Hd
Chi Minh, Tran Phii, Le Hong Phong, Ha
Huy Tap, Ho Tung Mau, Pham Hong Thai,
Le Hong Sdn cd to' chdc Dang Cong san
phat trien rong khap, cd sii chi dao tnic
tiep cua cac Uy vien Trung udng Dang nhu
Nguyln Phong Sac, Nguyln Dric Canh, Le
Mao Vung nay cung cd truyen tho'ng yeu
nude va each mang sdi nd'i, cuoc sdng cua
nhan dan rat thap do bi ap bifc, bdc lot
nang ne va thien tai trien mien Sii tan bao
cua ke dich d vung nay ciing la mot tac nhan dUa tdi cuoc dau tranh quyet tii cua quan chiing Hoi du cac nhan td' chung va rieng, cac cudc dau tranh d Nghe-Tinh da phat trien manh va nhanh chdng trd thanh trung tam, dinh cao ciia phong trao ca nUdc
Nhin chung, phong trao each mang 1930-1931 cd 3 giai doan: Giai doan md dau (tit dau 1930 den cud'i 4-1930); giai doan cao trao (tu 1-5-1930 den d i u 1931, sdi noi nhat la den cuoi 1930); giai doan thoai trao (giua 1931 den cuoi 1931)
1.2 Cac "lang do* trong phong trao
X o v i e t Nghe-Tinh Tai Nghe- Tinh, ngay 1-5-1930, theo chii triidng chung, cong nhan nha may Diem, nha may Ciia Ben Thuy cung hang ngan ndng dan cac vung lan can thi xa Vinh ram
ro bieu tinh thi uy, mang theo cd do bua liem va cac khau hieu ddi dan sinh dan chu, ung ho each mang Nga Thiic dan Phap da cho binh Hnh xa sung vao doan bieu tinh lam 7 ngUdi chet, 18 ngiidi bi thudng, b i t di 100 ngiidi Cung ngay hdm
dd, 3.000 ndng dan huyen Thanh Chiidng bieu tinh pha ddn dien Ky Vien, cam cd bua liem len ndc nha va tich thu ruong da't chia cho ndng dan Quan Phap va Hnh khd' xanh
da keo tdi dan ap, ban chet 18 ngUdi, bi thiidng 30 ngUdi, bat nhieu ngiidi khac Hai tran dung do dau tien do da bao hieu tinh quye't liet cua cac cuoc dau tranh tiep theo Trong thang 6 va 7-1930, Nghe - Tinh cd 11 cupc bieu tinh ldn vdi hang van ngiidi tham gia
Ngay 1-8-1930, cdng nhan khu cdng nghiep Vinh- Ben Thuy da cd cuoc td'ng bai cong nhan ngay Quo'c te chdng chien tranh de' quo'c Ngay 30-8-1930, ndng dan Nam Dan keo len huyen diia yeu sach, pha nha lao giai thoat cho nhiing ngUdi bi bat Ngay
Trang 9"Lang E6" rrong phong trao 5 1-9-1930, nong dan Thanh Chudng bao vay
va dot tru sd huyen Ngay 7-9-1930, nong
dan Can Loc bieu tinh len huyen cldi giam
thue than, giam to, bo thue cho, thue' do
Den thang 9-1930, cuoc noi day cua cong
nong Nghe - Tinh phat trien tdi dinh cao
Quan chiing da bieu tinh thi uy vu trang,
tien cong vao cd quan chinh quyen dich d
dia phUdng
De quoc Phap da dung bien phap khung
b6' khoe liet de dap tat cuoc noi day cua
cong nong Nghe-Tinh Ngay 12-9-1930, hdn
2 van ngudi cl Hung Nguyen (Nghe An),
dang tap trung mit tinh hudng dng cuoc
dau tranh cua ndng dan cac huyen va cuoc
bai cdng cua cong nhan Vinh - Ben Thuy,
phan dd'i chinh sach khung bo' cua bon thiic
dan va tay sai da bi may bay cua quan doi
Phap den nem bom lam 217 ngiidi chet, 125
ngiidi bi thiidng Nhu Ida do them dau,
sudt trong 2 thang 9 va 10-1930, d hau het
cac huyen cua Nghe An - Ha Tinh, nong
dan da vu trang khdi nghia, keo den pha
huyen ly, nha giam, nha ga xe Ida, cat day
dien tin, pha ddn dien cua bon thiic dan
Phap Cdng nhan Vinh - Ben Thuy bai cong
sud't trong 2 thang lien de ung ho phong
trao ndng dan va phan dd'i chfnh sach
khung bd'cua dich
Cuoc nd'i day cua nhan dan Nghe - Tinh
da lam cho bo may chinh quyen de qudc va
phong kien tay sai d nhieu huyen bi te
liet, d nhieu xa bi tan ra Triidc tinh hinh
dd, cac td chdc Dang d dia phiidng da lanh
dao quan chiing thiic hien quyen lam chu,
tii diing ra quan ly lay ddi sd'ng cua minh,
hinh thanh nen cac 'lang do" Cac ban
chap hanh ndng hoi xa (xa bo nong), ndng
hdi thdn (thdn bo ndng) da ddng ra quan
ly moi mat ddi song chinh t r i va xa hoi d
ndng thdn, mac nhien lam nhiem vu cua
chinh quyen each mang theo hinh thiic X6 viet
Chinh quyen Xd viet da kien quye't tran
ap bon phan each mang, bai bd cac thii thue do de qudc va phong kien dat ra, ddng thdi thiic hien cac quyen tii do dan chu cho nhan dan, chia lai ruong dat cong cho nong dan, bat dia chu giam td, xda nd, khuyen khich dan hoc chut qudc ngu, bai tru! me tin
di doan, trdm cUdp, Cac to' chifc quan chung, t i i nhiing hinh thdc thap nhu hoi tudng te, hoi the due, den cac hinh thue cao nhu ndng hoi, cdng hdi, hoi phu nii giai phdng, doan thanh nien phan de, hoi hoc sinh, hoi cdu te dd, tu ve do, nha't la nong hoi, deu phat trien ra't manh Viec tuyen truyen giao due y thiic chinh tri cho quan chiing bang hoi nghi, mit tinh, sach bao each mang dude dac biet chii trong va to chiic rong rai
Hoang sd trudc sU xuat hien cac lang do, cac Xd viet cdng ndng va anh hudng cua Dang Cong san, de qudc Phap da thiic hien khung bd' trang, ra siic dan ap nhan dan vdi nhieu thu doan xao quyet va tan bao Hang tram lang xdm bi triet ha, hang ngan nha cda bi dot pha, hang van can bo, dang vien cdng san bi ban giet, bi bat tu day, hau het cac cd quan lanh dao cua Dang bi pha
vd, cac td chdc quan chiing bi giai tan, cac X6 viet bi xda bd Ben canh sii khung bd'dQ ddi cua ke dich, sii chi dao dau tranh va chu trUdng xay diing liic lUdng mang tinh
"ta" khuynh cua cac cap Dang dia phUdng ciing lam cho phong trao gap them nhieu khd khan
Sau mot so' cuoc mit tinh ky niem ngay 1-5-1931, cuoc noi day cua quan chung Nghe - Tinh ndi rieng va ca nUdc Viet Nam ndi chung di vao thdi ky thoai trao
Trang 106 Rghien ciru Ljeh sd, sd 2.2011 Tuy mdi thanh lap d mdt sd' lang xa,
thdi gian tdn tai chi khoang 5 thang,
nhUng X6 viet Nghe - Tinh da td ro ban
chat each mang va tinh Uu viet cua no Do
la mot chinh quyen cua dan, do dan va vi
dan, dem lai nhieu ldi ich can ban cho
nhan dan Cudc ndi day nay da giang mot
ddn quyet liet vao chinh quyen de quo'c,
phong kien, ddng thdi chdng td nhan dan
Viet Nam cd kha nang lat do nen thong tri
cu de xay diing mot cuoc song mdi tot dep
cua minh Cao trao each mang 1930-1931
va X6 viet Nghe - Tinh la cuoc dien tap
dau tien cua nhan dan Viet Nam dudi sii
lanh dao cua Dang Cong san chuan bi cho
thang ldi cua Cach mang thang Tam nam
1945 sau nay
2 VIEC L U U GILf CAC D I TICH VE
PHONG TRAO XO VIET NGHE - T I N H
VA CAC "LANG DO" 6 NGHE A N VA
HA T I N H
2.1 Viec lvru giuf cac ky ufc ve phong
trao X6 vi¥t Nghe - T i n h
La mot sii kien ldn cua lich sd Viet
Nam, "X6 viet Nghe-Tinh" da va dang dUdc
Dang, Nha nUdc Viet Nam quan tam chi
dao nghien cuii, hiu giu cac di san vat the
va phi v4t the bang nhieu hinh thue phong
phu:
Thu nhdt: Qua nhiing hinh anh, hien
vat trong Bao tang Cach mang Viet Nam,
Bao tang Hd Chi Minh, Bao tang Lich sd
Quan sii Viet Nam, Bao tang X6 viet Nghe
- Tinh, Khu Di tich Kim Lien, Khu liiu
niem Tong Bi thu1 Tran Phu, Khu liiu niem
Tdng Bi thu" Le Hong Phong, Khu liiu niem
Tdng Bi thii Ha Huy Tap,
Rieng tai Bao tang X6 viet Nghe - Tinh d
Thanh phd Vinh (Nghe An) da cd hdn
11.000 tii lieu, hien v&t, trong do cd hdn
3.000 hien vkt gdc Trong so" 117 bao tang d
Viet Nam, day la bao tang chuyen de dat d dia phUdng diidc thanh lap sdm nhat (1960), thudc loai ldn nhat, cd nha triing bay va lam viec kha khang trang Rieng phan triing bay cd 8 phdng, mdi phdng tren 60m2: Phdng 1: Md dau; Phdng 2: Nguyen nhan true tiep bung nd cao trao; Phdng 3: Qua trinh van dong thanh lap cac Dang bo Nghe An, Ha Tinh; Phdng 4: Sa ban toan canh cao trao X6 viet Nghe Tinh; Phdng 5: Cao trao dau tranh tu! thang 5 den thang 9-1930; Phdng 6: Thanh qua cua Xd viet Nghe Tinh; Phdng 7: Dau tranh chdng khung bo' trang; Phdng 8: Y nghia lich sd cua Xd viet Nghe Tinh
Thu hai: Qua cac hdi thao khoa hoc va
cac de tai nghien cUu do Trung Udng va cac tinh Nghe An, Ha Tinh thiic hien Rieng tai Nghe - Tinh da cd cac cudc hdi thao, nhii:
Xd viet Nghe Tinh vdi cdch mang thdng MUdi Nga" (1987), "65 nam, 80 nam Xd viet Nghe Tinh", "Cong tdc tuyen truyen cua Ddng trong phong trao Xd viet Nghe-Tinh",
"70 nam Xd viet Nghi - Tinh" (2000); Bdc
Ho vdi que huang Nghe Tinh, "Ky niem 100,
105 nam ngdy sinh Cd Tong Bi thu Trdn Phu" (2009), "Ky niem 100 nam ngdy sinh
Cd Tong Bi thu Le Hong Phong, cdc cudc toa dam ve Pham Hdng Thdi, ve Le Hong Sctn, ve Ho Tung Mdu, ve Hd Huy Tap, ve Phiing Chi Kien Trong cac cudc hoi thao,
toa dam dd, lich sd ve Xd viet Nghe - Tinh, cac lang do d Nghe-Tinh deu dUdc nh&c den nhu la nhfJng sii kien ndi bat, quan trong nhat, dang tii hao nhat
Thu ba: Qua cac an pham true tiep hoae
cd de cap den Xd viet do Nghe - Tinh td chuc bien soan, xuat ban d Trung Udng va
dia phUdng Nhii: "Xd viet Nghe An" (1950),
"Dii thdo lich sd Xd viet Nghe An" (1956),
"Lich sii Nghe- Tinh" (1984), "Lich suDdng
bd tinh Nghe Tinh" (1987), "Nhung ngUdi
Trang 11"Lahg B6" trong phong trao 7
cdng sdn tren que huong Nghe Tinh"
(1987), Nghe Tinh hdm qua vd horn nay,
"Lich su Ddng bo tinh Hd Tinh" (1993),
Lich sit Ha Tinh (2000), Lich sic Ddng bd
tinh Nghe An, Lich sic Ddng bo huyen
Nghia Ddn, "Lich sic Ddng bd huyen Huong
Khe", Ndi chung Lich sii Dang bo va lich
sd dia phUdng hai tinh Nghe An, Ha Tinh
va lich sd tat ca cac Dang bo d hai tinh deu
da dUdc bien soan va xuat ban, tao nen
nguon ky lie co he thong va lau dai ve X6
viet Nghe - Tinh noi chung, cac lang do noi
rieng
ThiC tU: Qua viec giang day lich sd cho
hoc sinh phd thong va sinh vien dai hoc ca
nude noi chung va vung Nghe - Tinh ndi
rieng Nhu" "Cao trao cdch mang
1930-1931 vd Xd viet Nghe Tinh" trong sach
giao khoa mon Lich sd Idp 9 va Idp 12;
"Ddng lanh dao, td chdc cao trao cdch
mang 1930-1931" trong giao trinh mon
Lich sd Dang Cong san Viet Nam Ngoai
ra, cac trudng dai hoc trong ca nude cd
khoa Lich sd hang nam deu dua sinh vien,
giao vien den tham quan, nghien ciiu ve
lich sd phong trao Xd viet Nghe - Tinh
Cac trudng phd thdng trong hai tinh Nghe
An va Ha Tinh deu thudng xuyen dua giao
vien, hoc sinh di nghien cdu, tham quan
cac di tich, gap gd cac nhan chdng ve Xd
viet Nghe-Tinh Sd nhan chUng la lao
thanh each mang 1930-1931, den nam
2000 d Nghe An cdn lai 27 ngUdi b Ha
Tinh cd 18 ngUdi
Thu nam: Qua viec lay ten Xd viet Nghe
- Tinh, hay ten cac nhan vat lich sd nhu Hd
Chi Minh, Tran Phii, Le Hdng Phong, Ha
Huy Tap, Nguyln Thi Minh Khai, Nguyln
Ddc Canh, Le Mao, Nguyen Phong Sic
dat ten cho cac phUdng, cac dudng phd'd cac
thanh phd', thi xa trong ca nude va d Thanh
phd' Vinh, Thanh phd' Ha Tinh Hoae ten trUdng hoc, nhu Trudng Dang Le Hdng Phong, TrUdng Dang Tran Phu, TrUdng Trung hoc Phd thong Le Hdng Phong, Nguyln Thi Minh Khai, TrUdng cap 3 Tran Phu
ThiC sdu: Qua cac nhac pham, hd, ve, vi
dam, tac pham van hoc dUdc phd bien, trinh dien d Nghe - Tinh va cac dia phUdng,
nhu "Tieng ho tren ddt Nghe An", "Dudng
ve Hd Tinh", "Ngudi con gai Song La", "The
ca Xd viet Nghe Tinh" (1971), "Ngon cd Ben Thuy", "Lang do" (1982), "X6m tha TrUdng Thi", "Cd gai Sdng Lam",
ThiC bay: Qua viec cdng nMn, xep hang, tdn tao cac di tich b hai tinh Nghe An va
Ha Tinh cd lien quan den phong trao Xd viet, nhu d Nghe An cd Di tich dac biet Kim Lien, di tich Nghia trang liet si 12/9, dinh
lang Vd Liet, nha cu Vi Van Khang, b Ha
Tinh cd di tich Nga ba Nghen, nha cu Mai Kinh, Nha thd Ho Ngd,
2.2 Viec lUu giuf ky tic ve cac "lang
do" d Nghe • T i n h Hien nay, theo thdng ke cua Bao tang
Xd viet Nghe-Tinh va cua hai tinh Nghe An
va Ha Tinh, tren dia ban hai tinh nay cd hdn 700 di tich cac loai cd lien quan den phong trao each mang 1930-1931 va Xd viet Nghe - Tinh dUdc ghi nhan Trong dd cd gan 200 di tich da phe tich, hdn 50 di tich
va dia diem di tich da dUdc Bd Van hda Thdng tin cap bang cdng nhan di tich lich
sd quo'c gia Mdt sd' khac dang dUdc nghien cUu, lap hd sd de xin cdng nhan xep hang di tich cap qudc gia hoae do tinh quan ly
Dudi day la 50 di tich cd lUu gid ky dc
ve Xd viet Nghe - Tinh d cac "lang dd", da dUdc cap bang cdng nhan di tich lich sd quo'c gia
Trang 128 Rghien cuu Lich stf, so 2.2011
Bang 1: Cac di tich co lufu giti ky tic ve X6 viet Nghe - Tinh
TT Ten di tich
(thuoc lang "do",
nam cong nhan)
Noi dung di tich - Ky iic ve X6 viet Nghe - Tinh
1 Nghia trang liet si 12/9 (Hiing
Thai, Hufng Nguyen, Nghe An,
1988)
- Ndi tap trung bieu tinh cua nhan dan Hung Nguyen ngay 12-9-1930, thUc dan Phap hai lan cho may bay nem bom lam chet 217 ngUdi, bi thUdng 125 ngucri
2 Ngd ba Ben Thuy (Trung Do,
Vinh, Nghe An, 1988) - Ndi cong nhan va nong dan Vinh-Ben Thuy mit tinh ky niem ngay Quoc te lao dong 1-5-1930, tran dung do dau tien cua cong nong
Nghe-Tinh vdi dequoc Phap thdi ky 1930-1931
4 A^d ba Nghen
Nghen, Can Loc, Ha Tinh, 1988) - Ndi dien ra cuoc bieu tinh cua nhan dan Can Loc trong ngay 01-8-1930, buoc Tri huyen Tran Manh Dan phai nhan yeu sach va hoa se
thuc hien cac yeu sach do doan bieu tinh de ra, ndi thuc dan Phap xit ban 42 chien si each mang tham gia pheng trao X6 viet Nghe - Tinh
5 Binh Binh Lie
(Tan Loc, Can Loc, Ha Tinh,
1988)
- Ndi XU uy Trung ky to chdc ket nap dang vien Idp dau tien cua tinh
Ha Tinh, la cd sd hoat dong cua Dang, la tru sd cua chinh quyen X6 viet nam 1930-1931
6 Hieu Yen Xudn
(Linh Son, Anh Sdn, Nghe An,
1988) •
- Ndi Nguyln Phdng Sic thanh lap Dong Dudng Cong san Dang 6 Nghe An, ndi may cd Dang phuc vu cho cac cuoc dau tranh thdi ky 1930-1931
7 Noi mit tinh ky niem
9 Bi tich Trdng Ke
(My Thanh, Yen Thanh,
Nghe An, 1990)
- La dia diem cd phong trao dau tranh each mang manh thdi ky
1930-1931, ndi thUc dan Phap md trUdng ban de xit ban 72 chien si tham gia phong trao X6 viet Nghe Tinh
11 Bdm Mu Nuoi
(Hung Dung, Vinh,
Nghe An, 1990)
- Ndi Phuyen Phong Sac, Nguyen DCfc Canh cung cac ddng chi trong Xu
uy Trung ky hop ban viec da'u tranh, dia diem thanh lap Chi bo dang, ndi Dang hop ban chuan bi cho cuoc dau tranh ngay 1-5-1930, ndi to chuc le Te Cong san
12 Cdy Sanh chua Nia
(Hung Dung, Vinh,
Nghe An, 1990)
• Dia diem treo cd Dang, la ndi tap trung tu ve de tap luyen phong trao
Xd viet Nghe - Tinh, dia diem hop bi mat ciia Dang
13 Nhd ong Nguyen HSu
Bien (Hiing Dung,
Vinh, NgAn, 1990)
- Cd quan an loat ciia Xii uy Trung ky, ndi in truyen ddn, tai lieu cua Dang thdi ky X6 viet Nghe-Tinh
14 Nhd ong Nguyen Si Huyen
(Hiing Dung, Vinh,
17 Binh lang Tie My
Sdn Chau, Hiidng Sdn, Ha Tinh,
1990)
- Ndi treo cd Dang, tap trung nhan dan da'u tranh, tieu bieu la cuoc da'u tranh ngay 19/9/1930 do dong chi Ho Hao lanh dao, pha kho thdc cua nha giau chia cho dan ngheo, ndi lam viec cua chinh quyen Xd viet
Trang 13"Lang Bo" trong phong lrao 9
19 Dinh lang Quynh Boi
(Quynh Doi, Quynh Liiu,
Nghe An, 1991)
• Ndi mit tinh treo cd Dang, tru sd ciia Xd viet xa, ndi thiic dan Phap tra tan, xii ban 9 chien si tham gia phong trao Xd viet Nghe-Tinh
20 Mieu Bien Sdn (Hau Loc, Can Loc,
Ha Tinh, 1991) - Ndi lien lac, hop ban bi mat va ca't da'u tai lieu cua Dang trong thdi kyXdviet 1930-1931
21 Nhd ong Hodng Vien (Hiing Chau,
Hung Nguyen, Nghe Ah, 1991) - Cd sd cua Xii uy Trung Ky trdng thdi gian dich khung bd' trang, noi lam viec cua Nguyln Phong Sic, Nguyln Due Canh va nhieu can bo
khac thdi ky 1930-1931
22 Dinh Tdm Mdi
(Quynh Thuan, Quynh
Liiu, Nghe An, 1992)
- Ndi lam viec cua chinh quyen Xd viet dia phiidng, ndi tap trung da'u tranh cua diem dan lam mud'i Quynh Liiu, dien hinh la cudc da'u tranh ngay 20-6-1930
23 Binh Long An
(Diln TrUdng, Dien
Chau, Nghe An, 1992)
- Ndi phat hieu lenh dau tranh cua nhan dan phia bac phii Dien Chau nam 1930-1931, ndi tap trung quan chiing mit tinh, bieu tinh trtfdc khi keo vao phu Dien Chau da'u tranh, dia diem lam viec ciia X5 Bd ndng
Xd viet Nghe - Tinh
27 VTid thd ho Hodng Vdn (Nghi Tan,
Ciia Ld, Nghe An, 1993)
- Tru sd cua Huyen uy Nghi Loc, ndi an, d, hoi hop cua can bd Dang, noi in truyen ddn tai lieu cho Dang thdi ky Xd viet Nghe Tinh
28 Nhd thd ho Pham
(Hung Nhan
Hiing Nguyen,
Nghe An, 1994)
- Cd sd hoat ddng cua to chuc yeu ntfdc, each mang va ciia nhieu can
bo Xu uy Trung Ky, Tinh uy Vinh- Ben Thiiy thdi ky 1930-1931, ndi thd liet si Pham Hdng Thai (ngtfdi da miiu giet Toan quyen Ddng Dudng, 6-1924)
29 Dinh Phu Nhudn
(Dang Sdn, Dd Liidng, Nghe An,
1994)
- Dia diem tap trung dau tranh, treo cd Dang, tap trung thdc chia cho dan, ndi hoc chii Qudc ngii va la tru sd lam viec ciia Xa Bd ndng trong phong trao Xo viet Nghe - Tinh
30 Nhd thd ho Hodng Trdn (Dang
Sdn, Dd Ludng, Nghe An, 1994) - Ndi Tinh uy Nghe An lam viec thdi ky 1930-1931, ndi thd liet sy Hoang Tran Tham (Tinh liy vien) hy sinh trong phong trao Xo viet
31 Nhd cu Vi Van Khang (Mdn Sdn,
Con Cudng, Nghe An, 1994) - Ndi cudi nam 1930 dau 1931, Tinh uy Nghe An da len xay diing cd sd tranh dich, ndi thang 3-1931, Tinh liy da cd cudc hop thanh lap chi
bd mien nui dau tien d Nghe - Tinh
32 Binh Lien Tri
(Lien Thanh, Yen Thanh, Nghe
An,1995)
- Ndi tap trung nhan dan da'u tranh mit tinh bieu tinh, cam cd trong thdi ky Xd viet Nghe - Tinh, ndi lam viec ciia chinh quyen Xd viet nam 1930-1931
35 Ben thd Bite hdu
36 Din Thiidng
(Quynh Nghia, Quynh
Liiu, Nghe An, 1996)
- Ndi mit tinh, tru sd lam viec ciia Xo viet, la trung tam dau tranh cua cac tong d Bai Ngang (Quynh Liiu)
Trang 1410 Hghien ciru Ljeh stir, so 2.2011
37 Ben PhUdng Cudng
(Nghi Phong, Nghi Loc, Nghe
An, 1996)
- Cd sd cua Xii iiy Trung Ky va Huyen uy Nghi Loc thdi ky 1930-1931,
ndi in truyen ddn, bao chi cua Dang, dia diem hoat dong cua Nguyen Phong Sac, Nguyen Due Canh,
38 Ben Phdp Bd
(Dien Thang, Dien Chau, Nghe
An, 1997)
- Dia diem tap trung da'u tranh cua nhan dan Dien Chau tren true
dudng so 7, cd so hoat dong cua Dang trong thdi ky Xo viet
40 Nhd thd hq Phan Mac (Hoa
Thanh, Yen Thanh.Nghe An,
1997)
- Cd sd hoat dong cua to chiic yeu nude va each mang t£f 1928 den 1931, ndi hinh thanh tu tudng yeu nUdc va each mang ciia Phan Dang Liiu,
Uy vien Trung Udng Dang
41 Bia diem Con Md
(Ben Thuy, Vinh,
Nghe An, 1997)
- Ndi hdi hop ciia Xii uy Trung ky va Tinh iiy Vinh- Ben Thiiy, ndi tap
trung nhan dan dau tranh va dung dlu lich si giua quan chiing each mang va ke dich trong cudc dau tranh ngay 1-5-1930
44 Nha thd hq Nguyen Duy
(Thanh Phong, Thanh Chuong,
Nghe An^l998)
- Ndi Tinh iiy Nghe An da chon lam mdt dia diem de lam viec va chi dao dau tranh khi phong trao Xo viet d dinh cao va liic bi dich khung bd' trang
49 Nhd thd hq Ho Cu An (Quynh
Doi, Quynh Luu, Nghe An, 2000)
- Cd sd lam viec, treo cd Dang, in truyen ddn, tai lieu cua Dang trong cac thdi ky 1925, 1930-1931, ndi thd Nguyln Thi Thao, vd liet si Ho Tung Mau
Qua bang thdng ke va thiic te'eae di tich
neu tren, cd the neu len may nhan xet:
Thu nhdt: Sd' di tich ve Xd viet Nghe
Tinh da xep hang la kha nhieu, den nam
2000 cd tren 50 diem Trong sd' 50 di tich ve
Xd viet dvfeic xep hang, Nghe An chiem
phan ldn, tdi 41/50 di tich (80%) Dieu do
phu hdp vdi thiic te phong trao d Nghe An
phat trien manh hdn d Ha Tinh
Thd hai: Dau tich ve Xd viet Nghe
-Tinh cd khap moi ndi d Nghe Tinh (700 dia
diem), song nhiing ndi cdn liiu gidi diidc ky
de ve Xd viet hien tai chu yeu la d cac lang
"dd", ndi cd phong trao Xd viet, cd Xa bd ndng, Thdn bo ndng ra ddi va hoat ddng, gan lien vdi cac dinh, chua, nha thd, nha ca nhan Cu the, phan theo loai kien true, cd
13 di tich la nha thd ho, 11 di tich la dinh,
9 di tich la mo, nghia trang, vat the tti nhien ngoai trdi, 8 di tich la den thd, 7 di tich la nha d, 1 di tich la chua, 1 di tich la hieu budn Nhiing di tich bi mai mot chu
Trang 15"Lang Bd" trong phong trao 11 yeu la do chien tranh va sii chuyen bien ve
kinh te - xa hoi noi chung, hoae do khong
gan vdi mot di tich van hoa, lich sii khac
Thu ba: So' di tich dUdc cong nhan deu
thuoc thdi ky tu! 1988 ve sau, tdc la thdi ky
doi mdi d Viet Nam, chiing to trong doi mdi,
Dang, Nha nUdc rat chu trong viec liiu giu"
nhiing ky lie ve each mang noi chung, ve Xo
viet Nghe-Tinh, den viec giao due truyen
thong yeu nUdc each mang trong do co giao
due ve Xo viet Nghe - Tinh noi rieng
Nhiing di tich con giQ diidc thudng gan vdi
nhiing vung hien co kinh te, van hoa kha
phat trien, gan cac dUdng giao thong, tai
cac trung tam kinh te, van hoa ciia dia
phitdng; la ndi trudc va sau phong trao Xo
viet cung nhii hien tai deu co phong trao
yeu nUdc va each mang cua nhan dan kha
cao
Thu tU: Sii ton tai ciia cac di tich chu
yeu la do dong gop cong sdc, tien cua cua
nhan dan dia phUdng, mot phan do kinh
phi ciia Nha nUdc trung lidng cap, con ciia
tinh, huyen la khong dang ke 0 Nghe An,
tii nam 1990 den 2000, chi co 25/35 di tich
da xep hang diidc Trung lidng cap kinh phi
chong xuo'ng cap, binh quan moi di tich
khoang 20 trieu dong, cao nhat la 60 trieu,
trong khi do, chi rieng sii dong gop cua
nhan dan cho 2 di tich Den Thiidng (Quynh
Liiu) va Den Chinh Vi (Nghi Loc) da len tdi
tren 200 trieu ddng
Thu nam: Mac du da diidc td chiic Dang,
chinh quyen sd tai quan tam, nhan dan cd
y thiic tdn trong, gdp cdng siic bao ve, tu
siia, song do thieu kinh phi va dieu kien
khi hau khac nghiet, nen nhieu di tich hien dang bi xuo'ng cap nghiem trong, nhat la cac di tich khdng gan vdi mot di tich van hoa, lich sd cu the nao khac, it cd le hoi va khach den tham quan Cd sd vat chat, so' hien vat va sii triing bay ve cac lang do d Bao tang Xd viet Nghe - Tinh (Vinh) du da cd' gang, song cung cdn rat khiem ton so vdi thiic te lich sd
Thu sdu: Tai cac "lang dd" ndi rieng, ca
vung Nghe Tinh ndi chung, ky lie ve phong trao Xd viet khdng chi tdn tai d cac di tich vat the, ma cdn tdn tai d cac di san phi vat the (thd ca, hd, ve, tudng, kich, ), song nd ciing dang bi mai mot di nhanh chdng ciing vdi sii it dan cua Idp ngiidi tudi 80-90 Vi vay, can chii y siiu tam, hiu giii nhiing ky lie do de bd sung va lam phong phu cho biic tranh toan canh vdn cd cua sii kien Xd viet
va cac lang do Nghe Tinh
Nhin chung, cao trao each mang
1930-1931 va Xd viet Nghe - Tinh la mot sii kien ldn cua lich sd Dang Cdng san va each mang Viet Nam Viec liiu gidt cac ky lie ve
su1 kien dd, nhat la ve cac "lang do", da va dang dUdc Dang, Nha nude Viet Nam va cac Dang bd, chinh quyen hai tinh Nghe An
va Ha Tinh thudng xuyen quan tam Gia tri lich sd cua phong trao Xd viet Nghe -Tinh ndi chung, ve cac lang dd ndi rieng rat can dUdc nghien cUu, hiu giU, phat huy tdt hdn nUa, nham phuc vu cdng tac giao due tuyen thdng yeu nUdc va each mang cho nhan dan, phuc vu sii nghiep ddi mdi, hdi nhap qudc te, phat trien dat nUdc ben vung hien nay va lau dai ve sau
Trang 16TRAO OOI Y KIEN
V E Q U E Q U A N , T H A N T H E C U A T I E N S Y N G U Y E N C A U Q U A
G I A P H A D O N G HO V A D l T I C H - D O I D I E U C A N T R A O D t f l
NGUYEN DINH HUNG*
T r a cQu tQ lieu tren mang Internet
vao muc cua Vien Nghien ciiu Han
nom d phan Van khac Han Nom, co trang
viet ve Bia Van Mieu - Ha Noi co bai: Van
bia de danh Tien sy khoa Quy Miii nien
hieu Quang Thuan nam thd 4 (1463) dang
toan van noi dung bai van bia va anh chup
ciia khoa thi Tien sy nam Quy Mui (1463)
Ciing tai phan chii thich trong bai nay cl
trang 5, so' thii t i l sd' 40 co ghi ve Tien sy
Nguyen Cau (? - ?) ngQdi xa Khuong Le,
huyen Tan Phuc (nay thuoc huyen Sdc Sdn,
Ha Noi) Van de mudn trao ddi trong bai
bai nay la que quan, than the va sii nghiep
cua Tien sy Nguyen Cau qua viec siiu tam
tu" lieu va di tich vdi quy ban doc de cung
nghien ciiu va tham khao
Theo mot so' cuo'n sach da cdng bo' nhu":
Cdc nhd khoa bdng Viet Nam, Bdc Ninh dit
dia chi, Tuyen tap Van bia Hd Npi (1) chi
ghi torn tat, sd liidc ve que quan, than the
va sii nghiep cua Tien sy Nguyen Cau
Sach Cdc nhd khoa bdng Viet Nam ch6p:
"Nguyen Cau, ngiidi xa Khuong Le, huyen
Tan Phuc (nay thuoc huyen Sdc Sdn, Ha
Noi) Dd ddng Tien sy xua't than khoa Quy
Mui nien hieu Quang Thu&n 4 (1463)"
(trang 115) Sach Bdc Ninh du dia chi va
Tuyen tap vdn bia Hd Ndi ciing khong ghi
diidc nhQng thdng tin nao hdn sach Cdc nha khoa bdng Viet Nam
Chung tdi da tra cQu mdt sd' sach ve cac nha khoa bang do dat tQ thdi Ly cho den thdi Nguyen cua midc ta, trong so' 2.898 vi
do dai khoa Tien sy va tQdng diidng trong
845 nam khoa cQ thdi phong kien, tQ khoa thi d i u tien nam 1075 thdi vua Ly Nhan Tong den khoa thi cudi cung nam 1819 thdi vua Gia Long chi co 2 ngiidi ten la "Cau":
Do la Tien sy Nguyen Cau da noi tren va Tien sy Le Ca'u, que xa Lac Thuc, huyen Thanh Lam (nay la huyen Thanh Ha, tinh
H i i Diidng do Tien sy khoa Tan SQu nien hieu Hdng DQc thQ 12 (1481) ddi Le Thanh Tong ong do nam 29 tuoi Ngoai ra, tra cQu cac sach khong cd ngQdi nao ten la "Ca'u"
do Tien sy nQa
Nhii v&y, qua nhQng thdng tin d sach
Cdc nhd khoa bdng Viet Nam va mdt so'
sach khac da neu cho biet:
- Sd iQdc ve que quan cua Tien sy Nguyen Ciu
- Nam dng thi do Tien sy: khoa Quy Mui nien hieu Quang Thu&n thQ 4 (1463)
- Do bdi canh lich sQ nen ghi chep ve than the, sii nghiep cua dng khdng dQdc diy du
* Sd Van hoa, The thao va Du lich Thai Nguyen
Trang 1764 Rghien curu Lich stf so' 2.2011
Van de dat ra, sach Cdc nhd khoa bdng
Viet Nam lai chu thich que quan cua Tien
sy Nguyen Cau la: nay thuoc huyen Sdc
Sdn, Ha Noi
Theo van bia Tien sy diing nam 1484,
hien dang diidc diing tai Van Mieu - Ha
Noi, trong do co ghi ve Tien sy Nguyen
Cau, bia da chep: "Nguyen Ca'u Bac Giang
phu Tan Phuc huyen [ ] (U W At tt M
f r t§ W) = Nguyen Cau, huyen Tan Phuc,
phu Bac Giang Theo chii thich phan dau
cham liing trong ngoac vudng ciia sach
Tuyen tap Van bia Ha Noi - Quyen I - Nxb
KHXH, 1978, 3 trang 164 la co mot so chii
da bi liidc bo" (2)
Bai dich tu: chii Han nom bai Van bia de
ten Tien sy khoa Quy Mui nien hieu Quang
Thuan thii 4 (1463) d Van Mieu - Quoc Tii
Giam Ha Noi sang tieng Viet cua Trung
tam Van Mieu Quoc Tvi Giam - Thanh pho'
Ha Noi djch nghia noi dung ve que quan
cua Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u ciing tiidng tii nhu1
tren
Sach Ddt va NgUdi Thdi Nguyen cua
Nguyen Huii Khanh, do Hoi Van hoc Nghe
thuat tinh Thai Nguyen xua't ban nam
1997 co viet: "Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u (Nguyln
Dinh Ca'u) que cl lang Thanh Thu, tdng
Tieu Le, huyen Thien Phuc, phii Bac Ha,
xii Kinh Bac, nay la thon Thanh Van, xa
Ddng Tien, huyen Phd Yen, tinh Thai
Nguyen"
Theo Ho sd di tich Khu lUu niem Tien sy
Nguyen Cdu, xa Tan Hiidng va xa Ddng
Tien, huyen Phd Yen, tinh Thai Nguyen
(da diidc Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Thai
Nguyen xep hang cap tinh nam 2006) dang
liiu tai Sd Van hoa The thao va Du lich
Thai Nguyen ciing ghi que quan tiidng tii
nhu' sach Ddt vd NgUdi Thdi Nguyen ciia
dng Nguyen Huu Khanh
Vay, sach Cdc nha khoa bdng Viet Nam
do Ngo Diic Tho chu bien, Nxb Van hoc,
Ha Noi, 1993 da chep: NguySn Ciu, ngiidi
xa Khuong Le, huyen Tan Phuc (nay thuoc huyen Sdc Sdn, Ha Noi) co sii khac biet vdi nhiing tu" lieu ma chiing tdi siiu tam diidc
ve que quan va than the, sii nghiep cua Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u
Trong qua trinh tra ciiu ve tieu su4 cua cac vi khoa bang chiing ta thay cd nhieu sach viet khac nhau Nhiing vdi triidng hdp
ve que quan ciia Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u cd the diidc giai thich nhu1
sau: Tuy van bia b
Van Mieu Ha Ndi khdng ghi ten lang, xa cua Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u nhiing lai cd cac tai lieu khac bd sung, dd la sach nhu1: Lich trieu dang khoa (quyen I I I , td 35b), Lich dqi dang khoa, td 62a, Lich huyen dang khoa (quyen V, td 23b), Lich trieu tap ky (quyen I , trang 128), Lich trieu dang khoa Trong triidng hdp nay sach Cdc nha khoa bdng da ghi lai que quan cua Tien sy
Nguyln Ca'u, ngiidi xa Khuong Le, huyen Tan Phuc, phii Bac Giang Cd the chQ Khuong L l (IB ijif) chep nham la Tieu L l ('h ijif) chang? chii "khuong" (E) gan gid'ng vdi chii "cii" (!=[), chut tieu (/JN) gan gid'ng vdi chii "thuy" (?K) Vi du, mdt triidng hdp chep nham chQ d sac phong ciia di tich den Gia,
xa Tieu Le, tdng Tieu Le, huyen Phd Yen (Thai Nguyen) Sac phong nay phong cho Manh Dien qudc viidng va Phu Ddng Thien viidng phong nam Khai Dinh thii 9 (1924) chep nham chii "Tieu" thanh chQ "Thuy" sac phong viet nham dd nguyen van la:
"Sac Thdi Nguyen tinh, Phd'An phu, Thuy
Li xd tong tien phung sU "
Ve dja danh huyen Tan Phuc, phu Bac
Giang, theo cac sach nhii: Du dia chi ciia Nguyln Trai, Dqi- Nam nhdt thd'ng chi
(tinh Bac Ninh) deu chep huyen Tan Phuc
cd tii thdi Tran, thdi Hd, thudc chau Bac
Trang 18Ve que quan than the" 65 Giang, phu Bac Giang Sang dau thdi
Minh, Le sd van theo nhii the Den thdi Le
Hoang Dinh (1600-1619), vi ky ten huy vua
Le Kinh Tong la Tan, nen ddi la huyen
Tien Phuc Hien nay d dia phUdng bia da
"Bdi Cao ttf bi" (chua Doi Cao, xa Tan
Hiidng, tdng Tieu Le) diing nam Chinh Hoa
thu- 18 (1697) van ghi dia danh la "Tien
Phuc huyen" Nam Minh Menh thii 11
(1830) ddi ten huyen Tien Phuc thanh
huyen Thien Phuc, tran Bac Ninh (bia den
Ddng Thu, xa Thuan Thanh, huyen Phd
Yen) Nam Tii Diic thU 19 (1866) ddi ten
huyen Thien Phuc thanh huyen Da Phuc,
phu Da Phiic, tinh Bac Ninh Thdi Khai
Dinh thfl 5 (1920) tdng Tieu Le thuoc phu
Phd Yen, tinh Thai Nguyen
Theo sach Ten lang xd Viet Nam ddu the
ky XIX (3) cd chep xa Tieu L l , tdng Tieu Le,
huyen Thien Phuc, phu Bac Ha, xii Kinh
Bac Ddi chieu vdi cac van bia ghi chep dia
danh xa Tieu L l d huyen Thien Phuc d dau
the ky XIX ma nay thuoc huyen Phd Yen,
tinh Thai Nguyen la chinh xac vdi thdi
diem bay gid Phan tich cac tai lieu hien cd
tai Sd Van hda The thao va Du lich Thai
Nguyen nhii: sach Dong Khanh dtf dia chi,
kem theo ban dd cho biet xa Tieu Le, tdng
Tieu Le, phu Phd Yen, tinh Thai Nguyen la
mdt trong nhiing xa nam d phia Ddng
-Nam cua huyen Phd Yen Ddi chieii vdi ban
do huyen Phd Yen trong sach Bong Khanh
du dia chi vdi ban do huyen Phd Yen ngay
nay thi dia danh xa Tieu LS xiia, nay thudc
mot phan xa Ddng Tien, xa Tan Hiidng,
huyen Phd Yen, tinh Thai Nguyen
Tai lang Thanh Thu xiia, cdn goi la lang
Sui, triidc kia thudc xa Tieu L l , tdng Tieu
L l , huyen Thien Phuc, phii Bac Ha, xii
Kinh Bic, ngay nay la thdn Thanh Xuan,
xa Ddng Tien, huyen Phd Yen, tinh Thai
Nguyen cdn nhieu chi ho, con chau hau due
thudc ddng ho Tien sy Nguyln Cau, ndi day cdn bao tdn diidc md va den thd ciia Tien sy Nguyln C i u thi dd la mot cd sd de khang dinh day la que quan cua Tien sy Nguyln Ca'u
Nhii viy, ve que quan cua Tien sy Nguyln C i u trong van bia Van Mieu - Ha
Ndi la cd do tin chy cao, gia t r i lich su1 chan xac, nien dai diing nhit Van de dien each cua dia danh huyen Tan Phuc - Tien Phuc -Thien Phuc trong lich sii nhii phan tich tren theo chiing tdi la thoa dang va dinh
chinh lai cho sach Cdc nhd khoa bdng Viet Nam, chep que quan cua Tien sy Nguyln
Ciu thudc huyen Sdc Sdn, Ha Ndi la chiia chinh xac ma c i n p h i i di'nh chinh lai la
Tien sy Nguyen Cdu que d xa Tieu Li, huyen Tdn Phuc, phu Bac Giang (nay la thon Thanh Vdn, xd Bong Tien, huyen Pho Yen, tinh Thdi Nguyen)
Ngoai ra, theo gia pha va ldi truyen tung cua cac cu cao tudi thudc ddng ho Tien
sy Nguyen Ca'u cho biet them - Nguyln Ca'u cdn cd ten goi khac la Nguyln Dinh Ca'u, dd De tam giap ddng Tien sy xuat than, khoa Quy Mui (1463) nien hieu Quang Thuan thii 4, ddi vua Le Thanh Tdng, lam quan tdi chiic Thi ve xu\ Cung theo gia pha cua ddng ho cua Tien sy Nguyln Ca'u cho biet dng sinh nam 1442,
dd Tien sy nam 1463, khi dd dng 21 tudi Nam 1463, dng di thi, ca midc cd tdi 4.400 ngiidi dii thi, chi l i y cd 44 ngiidi do, vdi ty le: 1/100, nhii the chung td sii khd luyen va tai nang cua dng de dat danh hieu Tien sy Sau khi thi dd dng diidc bd nhiem lam qua>n Thdi dd, mot sd' quan van cd tai nang diidc trieu dinh cii chuyen sang hang quan
vo, Nguyln Ciu la mdt trong nhiing ngiidi nhii vay Cung theo gia pha ddng ho Nguyln Cau cho biet dng dUdc trieu dinh giao trong trach girl chiic Thi ve xU Dieu
Trang 19ee Rghien ciru Lich stir, so' 2.2011
nay trung kh6p vdi ghi ch6p trong sach Dqi
Viet sit ky toan thii, tap I I I , trang 97 ghi:
Nam Nham Ngo (1522), ldi dung tinh hinh
Mac Dang Dung diing len tru" khu! cac the
liic doi khang, vua Le Chieu Tong hoang sd
da bo kinh thanh chay trdh ra viing Minh
Nghia, huyen Tung Thien (Sdn Tay) lanh
nan Ngay 27-7 nam do, Mac Dang Dung tQ
Bo De (Gia Lam), cho quan viidt song
Hong, dot nhip vao kinh thanh, giet hai
nhiing ngiidi trung thanh v6i nha Le, trong
do co chi huy xii Thi ve Nguyen Cau, Do liic
sy Minh Sdn ba Nguyen Tho va Dam Cii
(4)
Trong sud't 6 ddi vua Le: Thanh Tong
(1460-1497), Hien Tong (1497-1504), Tuc
Tong (1504), Uy Muc (1505-1509), Tiidng
Diic (1510-1516), Chieu Tong (1516-1522),
Nguyen Cau lam quan da co nhieu cong
trang cho nen diidc thang tien chu yeu giQ
trong trach bao ve trong cung cam va khu
viic kinh thanh ciia nha vua Tiidng truyen,
khi Nguyen Dinh Cau ciing bo ha bi chem
ngay 27-7 nam Nham Ngo (1522), ong tho
81 tudi, mot sd' thu ha da lay diidc thu cap
ciia ong bi mat giau kin dem ve que nha
Khi ve den que thi trdi da tdi, lai dd cdn
miia, hd ben de thu cap d gdc cay ngoai go
ven lang, ho chay ve bao tin dii cho gia
dinh, lang xdm Moi ngiidi chuan bi dd mai
tang cho ong Nhiing sang hdm sau tai ndi
de thu cap dng mdi da xong len thanh ddng
rat to Ho hang cho rang la linh thieng ben
de nguyen nhu1 cii Sau nay tinh hinh yen
on, con chau da xay mo va ngdi mo tdn tai
tii do cho den bay gid
Ngoi md Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u hien dang
nam tren mdt doi dat thuoc khu canh ddng
Nghe, xom Phong Nien, xa Tan Hiidng,
huyen Phd Yen Hien nay, ngdi md hinh
vudng co canh dai 1,5m, cao 1,5m, mo xay
kin, lien ke vdi gian giQa cua ngdi deh
Tren md cd xay them mdt ngdi mieu nho lam hau cui.g Ngdi mieu nay cd kich thiidc rong 2,6m, dai 3,4m mai diidc cud'n vdm Dac biet, dang sau md cd mot cay dudi cd moc 9 nhanh, ngay sat chan tiidng hau, chu
vi gd'c 3,5m Cay dudi da trum gan kin ngdi
md xoe ra nhii chiec long khdng Id che mat cho md dng, tao them ve linh thieng Md diidc xay bang da ong hinh vudng NhQng hdn da ong de xay md cd hinh chQ nhat Tai khu viic cd ngdi mieu cd (nhan dan thiidng goi la Nghe Van), vao nam 1997, con chau ddng ho Tien sy Nguyln Ca'u da gdp tien, cua, tdn tao ngdi mieu triidc mo thanh mot ngdi den nhd Chinh dien ngdi den quay ve hiidng nam, tren cao mat chinh dien cd ten
chQ dap ndi 3 chQ Han ndm la "Thanh Vdn tu" Ngdi den cd kien true hinh chQ nhat cd
ba gian nhd, cd chieu dai 6,6m, rdng 4,7m Ndi that nha ket ca'u khung go ket hdp xay gach theo ldi tiidng dau hdi, bit ddc, mai Idp ngdi mui Tren ndc cd dap ndi "lQdng long chau nguyet" va bd dai Triidc cQa den xay dQng 2 cot tru cao vut cd ddi cau dd'i dap chQ ndi nhu" sau:
Van vu 'song todn, hien cdng tqo vinh quang To quoc
Diic tdi cao thiidng, luu danh diing truyen thd'ng cd'hUdng
Trong den, hai ben cua vdm hhu cung
cung cd cau dd'i ndi dung nhu1
la di tich lich sQ van hoa (2006) cd bai vi
thd ghi: "Nguyen Dinh Cdu, sinh Dinh Mao nien nhdt td tii Kinh Bdc huyen, Thien Phuc tdng, Tieu Li xa, Thanh Thii thdn, vi nien nhdt td luc tam Khdm sai dai thdn chi
Trang 20V3" que quan than the" 67
huy xu dac long qudn uy hdu ddc bdt
qudn cong Le Thdnh Tdng nhi ngu
dtfng thdp tai "
Hang nam cu" vao ngay 27-7 Am lich, con
chau hau due cua dong ho Nguyen Ca'u lai
den den Thanh Van lam le ciing gio ong
Ciing theo ldi truyen ngdn ciia dong ho
Nguyen Ca'u, sau khi ong mat, vi thdi loan
lac, giac gia lien mien, quan quan nha Mac
lien tuc truy cQu, cat cii 6" vung Thai
Nguyen, nen ten tudi, than the sii nghiep
cua Nguyen Ca'u ciing vi dd ma khdng diidc
trieu dinh nhac den Chi cd the sau khi
binh xong nha Mac vao nam 1667, d i t midc
tam yen ang, vua Le mdi truy phong cac
ciiu than da xa than trung thanh vdi nha
Le mdi cd sac phong truy ting Theo cac cu
cdn nhd, Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u cd sic phong
cd nhiing chQ: "Le trieu khdm sai dqi thdn,
chi huy xd, Thi ve long qudn cdm hdu,
Chanh do ddc, ddc bdc qudn cdng, thtfdng
ddng phuc thdn" Ban than ddng ho da ghi
cdng Tien sy Nguyen Ca'u bang viec giQ gin
md cd, bao ve cay cdi va ra Ha Ndi de sQu
tam tii lieu lich sQ Tai lang Thanh Thu cd
CHU THICH
(1) Ngo Due Tho (chu bien) Cdc nhd khoa
bdng Viet Nam, Nxb Van hoc, Ha Npi, 1993; Bac
Ninh dii dia chi - Do Trong Vf (the ky XIX) - Do
Tuan Anh dich, Nxb Van hoa Thdng tin, Ha Noi,
1997; Tuyen tap Van bia Hd Noi - Quyln I - Uy
ban Khoa hoc xa hdi Viet Nam - Ban Han Nom
sUu tSm, dich nghia va gidi thieu, Nxb Khoa hoc
xa hoi, Ha Ndi, 1978, tr 135, 164
ngdi dinh cd' duy nha't cdn nguyen mau kien true nghe thuat d huyen Phd' Yen, trQng tu nam Canh HUng thQ 40 (1780) co bai vi thd Tien sy Nguyln Ca'u l i m Thanh hoang lang Dinh Phong Nien, xa Tan HQdng each lang Thanh Thu 2km cung thd Tien sy Nguyln Ca'u lam phuc t h i n Qua nhQng tQ lieu do ddng ho cua Tien
sy Nguyen C i u d huyen Phd' Yen, tinh Thai Nguyen cung cip va cdng vdi viec sQu t i m
cua nhQng nha nghien cQu lich sQ, van hoa
d dja phQdng, biidc d i u da tap hdp dQdc mdt so' tQ lieu va thdng tin gdp phin lam sang ro que hQdng, than the cua Tien sy Nguyln Ca'u - mot vo quan dQdi trieu nha
Le Ong, ngQdi xa Tieu L l , tdng Tieu Le, huyen Yen Phuc, phu Bic Ha, xQ Kinh Bic, ngay nay la thdn Thanh Xuan, xa Ddng Tien, huyen Phd' Yen, tinh Thai Nguyen R i t mong cac nha nghien cQu lich
sQ va van hoa cd them y kien de cd sQ ddng thu^n giQa tai lieu khoa hoc va tQ lieu dQdc lQu giQ, bao tdn d dia phQdng nham tdn vinh ve mdt trong nhQng con ngQdi cd nhieu ddng gdp cho trieu dinh nha Le
(2) Tuyen tap Van bia Hd Noi - Quyen I, sdd (3) Vi$n Nghien cuu Han Nom Ten lang xa Viet Nam ddu theky XLX (Cdc tong, trdn, xa danh
bi lam), Dudng Thi The, Pham Thi Thoa dich, Nxb
Khoa hoc xa hpi, Ha Npi, 1981
(4) Bai Viet s& ky todn thd, tap III, Nxb Khoa
hoc xa hpi, Ha Npi, 1998, tr 97