ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME

ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME

ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME & REASON

A ADVERD CLAUSES OF TIME:

Là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian bắt đầu các liên từ When, while, after/ before, as (khi), until (đến khi )

S +V+ When/ while/ after/ before/ as/until + S + V Chỉ tương lai: When he comes tomorrow, we will welcome him

Chỉ hiện tại: When it’s hot, I go swimming / As I come, he is eating.

B ADVERD CLAUSES OF REASON:

Là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do hay nguyên nhân bắt đầu các liên từ: because/ since/ as (bởi vì)

S + V + because/ since/ as + S + V

Mr Ba is late because/ since/ as she oversleeps

Because Lan and Ba don’t have a tent, they never go camping

C Join two sentences into one, use because/ since/ as:

1 Lan and Ba never go camping , so they don’t have a tent

2 I stay at home It rains

3 Tan is late for school He misses the bus

4 The weather is fine We have a picnic on the mountain

5 I don’t have a bike, so I walk

6 Nhan is free, so he flies his kites

D Join two sentences into one, use when/ while/ after/ before/ as/until:

1 It is warm I go fishing (when)

2 My father is eating My mother cooks (while)

3 I take a bath first Then I eat (before)

4 Mr Quang waits for the farmer The farmer comes (until)

5 He will come tomorrow We will welcome him (When)

6 You will go the museum You will see a lot of valuable pictures (When)

ARTICLES

1 A An : đứng trước danh từ đếm được số

ít để giới thiệu một điều gì chưa được đề

cập hoặc lần đầu.

A ball is round

I see a boy in the street

2 An : đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng

nguyên âm

A : đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng

phụ âm

an apple, an inkpot, an engineer

a book, a pen, house, a man,

3 Những danh từ ,luôn dùng với A European, uniform, universal, university,

union, eulogy, euphemism

4 Những danh từ ,luôn dùng với AN hour, heir, herbal, honor

B Mạo từ xác định: THE Không dùng mạo từ xác định: THE

Đứng trước danh từ đếm được hoặc

không đếm được ở số ít hay nhiều để

giới thiệu một điều gì đã được đề

cập, được bổ nghĩa cụm giới từ with /

of + N hay điều mà ai cũng biết.

The earth is round (ai cũng

biết)

The boy in the corner is my friend

The sugar on the table is sweet ( nghĩa

riêng biệt)

The tigers in Vietnam are in danger

Trước danh từ không đếm được ở số ít/ đếm được ở số nhiều khi nói đên đặc điểm, chủng loại, giống nòi chung chung

Athletes must follow a well- balanced diet Sugar is sweet (nghĩa chung chung)

Tigers like fresh meat

a Tên Nhiều hồ: The great Lakes

Các đại dương: the Atlantic Ocean

Các dòng sông: The red River

Các vùng biển: The red Sea

Tên hồ số ít: Lake Geneva, Lake Erie Châu lục: Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia

b Tên các dãy núi: the Andes, the rocky

mountains

Tên một núi: Mount Everest, Mount Pinatubo

c Một vật/ người duy nhất:

the earth, the moon, the sun, the Pope, the

sky

Tên các hành tinh: Venus, Mars, Danh từ trừu tượng: freedom, happiness

d Tên các trường học có: the School of

Florida Tên các trường đại học có: the

University of

Tên các trường cao đẳng có: the

College of

Tên trường học bắt đầu danh từ riêng: Quang Trung Secondary School

Hung Vuong University, Hong Bang College

e Số thứ tự đứng trước danh từ: the first

World War

Số đếm đi sau danh từ: World war one, chapter two

f Tên các nước gồm nhiều từ: the U.S,

the U.K

Tên các nước gồm một từ: France, Vietnam

g Tên các nhạc cụ: the guitar, the piano Tên các môn thể thao: baseball,

volleyball, soccer

h Tên các cuộc chiến: the Korean war Những từ không bị giới hạn nghĩa:

breakfast, lunch, dinner, church, school, college, home, work, hospital

Supply the correct word form

1 The duty of the police is the _of law and order (MAINTAIN)

2 Our tomatoes are nicely; they’ll be ready to eat in about a week (RIPE)

3 Look at this picture of Bill and his father - you can see the clearly, can’t you? (LIKE)

4 He said ‘Good morning’ in a most _way (FRIEND)

5 Playing for the national team for the first time was an _experience for Hong Son (FORGET)

6 “This is not a good essay,’ said the lecturer ‘I find your arguments

(CONVINCE)

7 It’s a lovely old house, I agree, but can we afford to _ it? (MODERN)

8 George and I have been friends since _ he used to live next door (CHILD)

9 In winter it is important for farmers to provide food and _ for their animals

(WARM)

10 Pele Ronaldo to take part in 2002 World Cup (COURAGE)

11 is one of the qualities required of a social worker (FLEXIBLE)

12 Novelists are among the most _people in the world.(IMAGINE)

13 Secondary education is and free in many countries (COMPEL)

14 The song has been selected for the Sea Games 22, Vietnam (OFFICE)

15 _are doing their best to make people aware of the danger of air pollution

(ENVIRONMENT)

o A or An? The general rule is

that we use a before a consonant and an before a vowel:

a bowl, a car,a dog, but an ant, an elephant,

an insect, an orange, an urn

But, what is important here is not the way a

word is written, but the way it sounds We

choose a or an depending on the sound at the

beginning of the word and whether it is a

vowel sound or a consonant sound

For example, take the word uniform

Although it begins with a vowel - u - when we

write it, when we say it the first sound is /y/

which is a consonant: uniform is pronounced

‘/junɪfɔːm/ so we say a uniform

One word which is often confused is hotel

Some people pronounce this word as /həʊˈtɛl/

so they would write:

a hotel But other people pronounce this

word as /əʊˈtɛl/ and so they would write: an

hotel

o The Zero Article does

not exist It is a useful term to use when describing how to use articles Essentially when we talk about the zero article, we mean that we don’t use any article in front of a noun

For example, when we use a noun with a

preposition, we often do not use an article

(that is, we just use the noun on its own):

I went to school but left my books at home

Mother was in church and father at sea;

Grandfather came to dinner later by train

and Grandmother managed to escape from

prison to join us.

When we talk about an institution, we use the

zero article

– The definite article doesn't change It is

always the whether the noun is masculine,

feminine or neuter, singular or plural We

use the definite article - the - when we

talk about a singular or plural noun which refers to a particular member of a a group

The woman.The man.The door.The doors.

Prior Reference

We often use the after the noun has already been mentioned For example:

An Englishman, an Irishman and a Sctosman walk into a pub The Englishman ordered a bitter; the Irishman ordered a Guiness and the

Scotsman ordered a whisky

The first time we mention the noun we use the indefinite article and from then on we use the definite article

Known Reference

If both speakers know what they are talking

about they can use the even though the noun may

not have been mentioned before In other words,

it is implied that the noun has already been mentioned

Excuse me, do you know what the time is?

Where's the toilet?

In these examples, the speaker assumes that the listener knows what is being talked about

Miscellanous In addition, the is used in the

following special circumstances

Exceptions include: the Hague; the Matterhorn; the Mall; the White House, the United States of

America

We use the definite article - the - when we talk

about a singular or plural noun which refers to a particular member of a a group

In this example the group is all men; we want to

reference a particular man so we say: The man in the hat.

Compare this with the indefinite article which

refers to any man in the group: A man in a hat parts of

day/night midnight, midday, noon, night

days Monday, Tuesday superlatives the highest, the biggest, the oldest festivals Easter ordinals the third man, the sixth wife

seasons &

months Winter, February oceans, seas the Pacific, the Black Sea

years 1961, 1995, 2000 inventions the wheel, the internal combustion engine

buildings Buckingham Palace, number 10 titles the Queen, the President, the chairperson streets Acacia Avenue, Pall Mall, Sunset Boulevard rivers & canals the Thames, the Nile, the Suez

airports Heathrow, Gatwick public buildings the Sheraton, the Red Lion, the Natural History Museum

cities & towns London, New York, Tokyo, Sydney, Cairo newspapers The Independent, The Daily Mirror, The Times mountains Everest, K2, Mont Blanc families the Browns, the Bushes

countries America, Britain, Arabia countries of union the United States, the United Arab Emirates

continents Africa, Asia, America, Europe jobs He is an artist and his wife is a plumber.

beliefs He is a Buddhist and his wife is an atheist. people Joe, Mrs Smith ships the Bismarck, the Lusitanian

magazines Cosmopolitan, Time mountain chains the Alps, the Highlands

games football, tennis, bar billiards instruments the piano, the bag pipes

nationalities He is an American and she is a Swede.

Exceptions include: the Hague; the Matterhorn; the Mall; the White House, the United States of

America

In this example, the group is all men; we want to reference a particular man so we say: The man

in the hat.

Compare this with the indefinite article, which refers to any man in the group: A man in a hat Retrieved from "http://www.icalweb.com/wiki/index.php?title=Indefinite_Article"